任意桥梁截面自由扭转常数计算的快速方法

计算任意截面的自由扭转常数可采用有限元分析方法,位移法有限元计算出的自由扭转常数比理论值偏大且网格剖分尺寸大小明显影响计算速度。本文从弹性理论圣维南自由扭转问题基本假设出发,针对悬臂梁模型采用基于位移的最小势能原理和基于应力的最小余能原理两种方法,推导势能泛函和余能泛函表达式,并求得泛函的极小值从而推导出相应的有限元方程,得到两种计算自由扭转常数公式。根据推导出的有限元方程,采用三角形单元编写程序进行两种截面的计算并与理论值对比。对比结果表明,采用两种方法计算自由扭转常数并取其平均值作为最终结果相较于采用单一位移法计算其精度大幅提高,两种方法互相参考有利于解决计算结果偏大和计算量过大的问题。     

新型明桥面轨枕板式无砟轨道结构参数研究

钢桁梁桥由于其承载性能好和跨越能力较强等优点,在大跨度铁路桥梁中被广泛采用。但大跨度钢桁梁桥具有跨中挠度大、梁端转角大和温度变形敏感等特点,为了减小大跨度钢桁梁桥二期恒载、适应桥梁变形特性,在大跨度钢桁梁桥上采用新型明桥面轨枕板式无砟轨道结构。以南沙港铁路某大跨度钢桁梁桥铺设新型明桥面轨枕板式轨道为背景,采用有限元法建立大跨度钢桁梁桥上轨枕板式无砟轨道结构计算模型,研究了轨枕板结构参数对轨道受力与变形的影响,确定轨道结构的合理尺寸与参数。结果表明:轨枕板的外形尺寸直接影响其受力和变形特征;板下垫层的厚度对垫层的受力特性的影响较大;建议南沙港铁路某大跨度钢桁梁桥上采用具有2组承轨台、宽度为2800 mm的轨枕板,轨枕板厚度为280 mm,板下垫层厚度为120 mm。     

表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

基于MRF方法和滑移网格的螺旋桨水动力性能研究

本文基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对多重参考系模型(MRF)及滑移网格模型(SM)在计算螺旋桨水动力性能时的差异进行了探讨。将以上两种模型应用到4381螺旋桨的水动力性能计算中,首先将计算得到的推力系数及转矩系数与试验数据进行了对比,考察了两种计算模型对螺旋桨的敞水性能的预测情况,并进一步对两种模型计算得到的螺旋桨盘面的速度场、桨叶的压力分布、桨后涡量云图等进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,滑移网格模型相较于多重参考系模型,对螺旋桨的推力系数的模拟结果误差更小,扭矩系数方面,两种模型的模拟结果相差不大；对于进速系数较大时,两种模型模拟得到的压力分布及速度分布较为相似,但对于高负荷情况,滑移网格模型可以更好地捕捉桨叶的压力分布及桨盘面处的速度分布情况；进速系数较小时,多重参考系模型可以模拟出涡结构的发散现象,而滑移网格模型可以更好的在高进速系数情况下捕捉到梢涡结构。     

A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

预制综合管廊接头抗剪性能与等效模拟方法

预制管廊接头力学性能及设计方法研究尚属于起步阶段,理论尚不成熟,对接头受力性能的认识尚不清晰。为研究预制管廊接头的抗剪性能及影响因素,基于福建省平潭预制拼装综合管廊工程,以典型的双舱和三舱预制拼装综合管廊结构为例,采用PLAXIS 3D岩土有限元程序建立预制管廊接头精细化三维数值模型,深入分析管廊接头的抗剪性能及影响因素,并提出合理实用的管廊接头等效模拟方法。研究结果表明,不设置剪力键时接头的极限总剪力降低了11.1%,设置剪力键能够明显地改善接头的抗剪性能;接头剪切强度和剪切刚度均与预应力基本呈线性关系;采用等效界面模型可以比较合理地模拟剪力键接头的抗剪力学行为。     

重载铁路四线高墩连续梁桥的设计

神瓦(神木—瓦塘)铁路冯家川车站大桥为重载铁路四线桥,主桥采用4线(65+100+65)m连续梁,最大墩高85 m.桥上线间距大,上下部结构横向尺寸较大,利用有限元分析软件BSAS,MIDAS/FEA对结构受力进行了计算分析.结果表明:在主梁梁高相同的情况下,采用单箱三室截面能更好地减小主应力,采用单箱双室截面增加腹板厚度对主应力的改善有限;多线桥桥墩横向尺寸较大,空心截面设置纵肋板能很好地提高高墩的局部稳定性;主梁及桥墩各项计算指标均满足规范要求.     

含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.