含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

降雨入渗下裂土边坡水分运移时空特征与失稳机理

为探究降雨入渗下裂土边坡水分运移时空特征与失稳机理, 自主研制了足尺模型试验系统和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)深部柔性位移系统, 对边坡渐进破坏进行了全过程、多物理量联合监测, 揭示了降雨入渗作用下裂土边坡的渐进变形和破坏演化模式; 基于裂土边坡的渐进破坏模式, 提出了土体饱和比概念, 将裂隙深度范围滑体分为饱和层和非饱和层; 以土体饱和度变化描述了含随机分布裂隙的边坡水分运移规律, 并结合刚体极限平衡法探讨了由裂隙控制的边坡失稳机制。研究结果表明: 对于未形成裂隙的边坡, 连续降小雨时浅层变形受表层基质吸力控制; 裂隙形成后, 雨水沿裂隙快速入渗形成暂态饱和区, 导致基质吸力降幅达82.50%~87.14%, 而由其贡献的抗剪强度迅速损失, 从而形成初期溜滑、片蚀等浅层变形, 降雨停止后坡体仍处于蠕变过程, 坡脚与坡顶位移增幅分别为23.40%和19.39%;蒸发后裂隙规模发展增大了雨水对渗流场的影响范围和边坡破坏规模; 土体经历胀缩、蠕变而变得松散, 裂缝区深部土体体积含水率较初始状态的增幅为205.7%;同一降雨条件下, 初始裂隙深度愈深, 稳定系数愈低, 破坏愈快; 对具有同一裂隙深度的边坡, 其稳定系数随土体饱和比的增加逐渐降低, 土体饱和比增长愈快, 表征边坡内部出现大面积连通型饱和区, 这是裂土边坡出现整体失稳的主要原因。      

S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

福塔纤维沥青混凝土性能研究

福塔纤维（FORTA AR）是一种新型的聚合物有机纤维，它由聚丙烯（Pnlypropylene）和芳纶（Keylar）按照质量比3：1混合而成。对掺加0．045％福塔纤维、0．3％的德兰尼特纤维（Dolanit）以及不加纤维的沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、以及水稳定性等路用性能进行了研究，结果表明福塔纤维沥青混合料具有优良的路用性能；继而对福塔纤维改善沥青混合料路用性能的机理进行了分析。     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

水泥砼沥青加罩时设置SAMI的力学响应分析

水泥混凝土路面进行沥青加罩改造时,应力/应变吸收夹层的设置对延缓反射裂缝的产生和发展有积极的作用.然而,吸收夹层的材料种类多种多样,各自性能参数也有所不同.利用三维有限元的计算工具,针对不同的应力/应变吸收夹层材料设计计算参数,在分别考虑不同层间接触条件的基础上,进行了荷载作用下沥青加罩后各结构层内的力学响应分析,得出了结论.     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

技能实训教学规范制订的思考与实践

通过分析职业技术教育的实训教学的特点,论述了制订实训教学规范的必要性、实训教学规范应涵盖的内容、制订规范时需注意的问题,并介绍了我们在制订《钳工实训教学规范》中的一些具体做法。     

川江上游船型比选思路探讨

本文在分析川江上游运输船舶现状的基础上,提出船型比选的原则,并阐述了对现有船型比选的思路和方法,最后介绍了采用VB开发的计算机比选程序。