柯萨奇病毒感染与克山病

克山病是一种地方性心肌病 ,病因不明。大量调查研究发现 ,克山病病区水、土、粮以及居民体内硒水平低下 ,给病区人群口服亚硒酸钠预防克山病取得了肯定效果 [1 ] ,提出硒缺乏是克山病发病的重要水土因素之一。但以往我国北方急型克山病具有年度多发、季节多发和西南儿童亚急型克山病夏秋季多发 ,常伴有腹痛、腹泻或呼吸道感染症状等流行病学特点 ,不能用硒缺乏来解释 ,并且已从克山病病人早期血液和尸检脏器中分离出多株肠道病毒 ,尤其是柯萨奇病毒 ,故有人提出克山病的病毒病因学说。近年来 ,随着分子生物学技术的发展 ,运用核酸杂交方法…     

PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF EPENDYMAL CELLS IN THE BRAIN OF ADULT RATS AFTER PERMANENT FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Objective Ependymal cells are thought to be the primary source of neural stem cells in the adult central nervous system. The purpose of this study is to examine spatial and temporal profiles of ependymal cell proliferation and migration after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion after injection of 10/μL of 0.2% Dil into the lateral ventricle. Rats were sacrificed and brain sections were acquired for pathological evaluation and laser confocal imaging at day 1,3,7,11,14,21 and 28 after ischemia. Results The density of Dil-labeled cells in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone was significantly higher than that in the control group and these labeled cells dispersed in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone and/or were located in ependyma from day 1 to 11. In the ischemic ipsilateral cortex, some Diilabeled cells occurred in peri-infarction and infarction of parietal region at day14 and peaked at day 21 when some Dil-labeled cell nodules were found in this region. During postischemic day 14--28, a significant decrease in labeled celldensity in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone was coincident with a significant increase in labeled cells density in the cortex (peri-infarction and infarction). Conclusion The results indicate that ependymal cells proliferate and migrate after focal cerebral ischemia in the adult rat brain.     

血管活性肠肽对暂时性脑缺血大鼠梗死体积的影响

目的通过活体实验研究血管活性肠肽(VIP)对脑缺血损伤的神经保护作用。方法大鼠侧脑室内注射VIP后,采用大脑中动脉线栓(MCAO)法诱导建立暂时性局部脑缺血模型。通过神经学的评价对MCAO大鼠进行判定和筛选;TTC染色测定大鼠脑梗死体积;双抗夹心ELISA检测血清S100β的含量。结果MCAO后2 h大鼠呈现不同程度的神经功能损伤症状。评定为1-2级的仅有2例出现明显脑梗死区,3级的为全部。VIP注射后大鼠脑梗死体积明显缩小,较对照组减少约25%(P<0.05);血清S100β浓度也明显降低(P<0.05)。结论以神经学评分3级作为MCAO模型成功的判定标准是较为可靠的。VIP脑内注射可明显减小脑缺血后梗死体积,具有神经保护作用。VIP可以降低S100β的含量,这可能涉及到VIP的另一神经保护机制。     

PROPERTIES OF PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NEONATAL RAT RETINAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN VITRO

Objective To investigate the properties of proliferation and differentiation of neonatal rat retinal progenitor cells （RPCs） in vitro. Methods RPCs were isolated from neonatal SD rats neural retina and cultured in DMEM/F12 ＋ N2 with EGF and bFGF （suspension medium ） or 10 % FBS without EGF and bFGF （ differentiation medium）. The cells grew as suspended spheres or adherent monolayers, depending on different culture conditions. The neural stem cells or retinal progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, retinal ganglion cells, rod photoreceptors and the proliferating cells were evaluated with immunofluorescence analysis by Nestin or Pax6, Map2, GFAP, Thy-1, Rhodopsin and BrdU antibodies respectively. Results RPCs could propagate and differentiate in suspension or differentiation medium and express the markers of Nestin （92.86%） or Pax6 （86.75%）, Map2 （38.54%）, GFAP （20.93%）, Thy-1 （27. 66%） and Rhodopsin（13. 33%）in suspension medium; however, Nestin （60.27%）, Pax6 （52%）, Map2 （34.94%）, GFAP （38.17%）, Thy-1 （30.84%） and Rhodopsin （34.67%） in differentiation medium. 96.4 % of the population in the neurospheres was BrdU-positive cells. The cells could spontaneously adherent forming some subspheres and retinal specific cell types. Conclusion Neonatal rat RPCs possess the high degree of proliferation and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, retinal ganglion cells and rod photoreceptors in vitro. There are different proportions for RPCs to differentiate into specific cell types.     

潜在型克山病患者柯萨奇B组病毒抗体和红细胞免疫功能的检测

探讨潜在型克山病患者柯萨奇 B组病毒 ( Coxsackie virus B,CVB)感染情况和红细胞免疫功能变化。方法　采用间接酶联免疫吸附法 ( ELISA)对陕西省黄陵县克山病病区潜在型克山病患者 CVB1～ 6Ig M,CVB1～ 6Ig G以及红细胞免疫功能进行检测。结果　 1潜在型克山病组血清 CVB1～ 6Ig M抗体阳性率明显高于非病区健康对照组 ,但明显低于病毒性心肌炎组。2潜在型克山病组血清 CVB1～ 6Ig G抗体阳性率明显高于非病区健康对照组 ,但与病毒性心肌炎组无明显差异。 3潜在型克山病组红细胞 C3 b R花环率明显低于非病区健康对照组 ,血清红细胞免疫粘附抑制率则明显升高 ,而血清红细胞免疫粘附促进率两组之间无明显差异。结论　潜在型克山病患者有 CVB感染存在及红细胞免疫功能低下     

川芎嗪对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的神经保护作用

目的观察川芎嗪对局灶性脑缺血后脑损伤的保护作用。方法采用线栓法制作大鼠左侧大脑中动脉阻塞模型。氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)脑片染色测定脑梗死体积,干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,快速Golgi银染方法观察脑缺血周围区神经元的形态改变。结果川芎嗪能明显缩小脑梗死体积、降低脑组织含水量,随着川芎嗪剂量增大,作用更为明显,具有剂量依赖性。脑缺血后14 d Golgi银染显示,模型组在梗死周围区神经元明显减少,变性和正常神经元共存。变性神经元主要表现为突起断裂、增粗,突起有大的串珠,树突棘减少。川芎嗪组较模型组皮质梗死周围神经元变性较少。结论川芎嗪能缩小脑梗死体积、减轻脑水肿、保护缺血周围神经元,证实川芎嗪对脑缺血损伤有保护作用。     

川芎嗪对成体大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回细胞增殖的影响

目的研究川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)细胞增殖的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠行2 h大脑中动脉阻塞手术,术后2 h开始腹腔注射TMP[40 mg/(kg.d)]。手术后腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿核苷(5-bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU),末次注射24 h后处死动物,免疫组化染色观察TMP对脑缺血再灌注损伤后DG细胞增殖的作用。结果正常组和假手术组在DG有少量BrdU阳性细胞,对照组缺血后1 d阳性细胞开始增加,14 d达到高峰(P<0.05),TMP治疗组缺血后1 d损伤侧BrdU阳性细胞数开始增加,7 d达高峰(P<0.05)。结论TMP能促进缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马齿状回内源性神经干细胞增殖。     

自发性高血压大鼠不同脑区神经元的变化

目的观察自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)脑皮质和海马CA1,CA3区及齿状回(DG)神经元的变化。方法采用尾动脉测压法测定SHR和Wistar大鼠(对照组)收缩压、平均动脉压、舒张压和心率;甲苯胺兰染色观察额叶、顶叶、颞叶及海马CA1、CA3区及DG神经元数量改变。结果SHR组收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而心率两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。SHR组与对照组额叶、顶叶、颞叶神经元数量无明显差异(P>0.05),但海马CA1、CA3区及DG神经元较对照组明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论SHR海马CA1、CA3区及DG神经元损害明显,存在神经元丢失,而脑皮质神经元丢失不明显。     

β-淀粉样蛋白诱导大鼠海马S100β表达的作用及机制

目的　探讨 β 淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ)对S10 0 β表达的影响及作用机制。 方法　采用Aβ2 5-3 5和IL 1ra ,选择大鼠海马CA1区进行定位注射 ,通过行为学测试、刚果红染色和免疫组化技术结合图像分析的方法 ,对不同时间大鼠的学习记忆、淀粉样沉积、GFAP和海马CA1区S10 0 β表达的变化进行观测。 结果　Aβ2 5-3 5注射后 ,大鼠的学习记忆能力明显下降 ;海马CA1区出现Aβ沉积 ,并有大量GFAP阳性胶质细胞包绕 ;实验组S10 0 β阳性细胞数目在 3、7、2 1d较对照组均有明显增多 ,细胞平均面积只在 2 1d才有明显增大。脑内注射IL 1ra后 3、7d,S10 0 β阳性细胞数目明显低于同组的Aβ大鼠 ,而高于对照组。结论　Aβ2 5-3 5脑内注射可建立具有类似阿尔茨海默病的局部病理改变和学习记忆损害的AD动物模型 ;Aβ2 5-3 5可上调大鼠海马CA1区S10 0 β的表达 ,实验早期以S10 0 β阳性细胞的数目增加为主 ,后期表现为细胞体积的增大 ;IL 1ra脑内注射可明显降低Aβ2 5-3 5上调S10 0 β表达的作用 ,其机制是阻断由Aβ2 5-3 5激活的小胶质细胞释放的IL 1对星形胶质细胞的活化作用。     

克山病和大骨节病共存区儿童发铜、锌、铁、锰含量的检测

用原子吸收光谱法测定了陕西省彬县克山病和大骨节病共存区克山病病户、大骨节病病户、病区非病户和非病区礼泉县对照户儿童发Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ和Ｍｎ含量。结果显示：①克山病病户和大骨节病病户儿童发Ｍｎ含量无明显差异，但均显著高于病区非病户和非病区对照户儿童（Ｐ＜０．０５）；②病区各组儿童发Ｆｅ含量均显著高于非病区对照户，大骨节病病户儿童发Ｆｅ含量明显低于克山病病户和病区非病户儿童；③各组儿童发Ｃｕ或发Ｚｎ之间均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。