智能汽车专业校企合作模式及人才培养方式的探究

智能汽车已经成为未来汽车领域的发展方向,且高校逐渐与企业合作,建立智能汽车人才培养模式。但是现阶段,校企合作深度以及人才培养方式仍然存在一定的不足,不利于为智能汽车领域输送更多的人才。基于此,本文主要探究智能汽车专业校企合作模式以及人才培养模式,详细阐述智能汽车专业校企合作模式及人才培养模式中存在的问题,进而提出针对性的建议。     

基于无人机的高层住宅最后“一百米”配送优化

针对城市高层住宅顾客对上门配送服务的需求，借助无人机停放平台，考虑包裹异质性以及无人机在不同配送阶段的精确能耗，构建以无人机飞行成本和能耗成本最小为目标，以无人机容量、电池组容量等为约束的高层住宅无人机上门配送模型，解决“垂直位置最后一百米配送”问题。基于此模型，设计带变邻域下降(VND)搜索的混合蚁群算法(HACO-VND)，引入4个算子进行变邻域下降搜索，为了提高算法的求解性能，提出两种局部搜索算子组合，根据顾客点数量使用不同的算子组合。实验结果表明，HACO-VND算法较CPLEX在求解精度与求解时间方面更优，特别是在大中型算例中表现出较佳性能。参数分析表明，高层住宅楼层数越多，无人机单次 飞行的能耗利用率越大，无人机容量与电池组容量共同对配送方案产生影响。为以后无人机送货上门服务方面的研究提供参考和思路。     

广州地铁某型车转向架轴箱进水原因分析及解决措施

转向架轴箱轴承作为列车传动系统中的重要部件,其运行状态直接影响列车的运行安全。介绍了广州地铁某型车转向架轴箱轴承及接地装置多次出现进水导致轴承失效的情况,并深入分析得出轴箱进水的两个原因:轴箱端盖部件倒角尺寸异常,进口和国产的轴箱、接地装置间存在尺寸差异。提出了对轴箱端盖进行普查、更换、统型等解决措施。     

交通运输与区域经济发展耦合研究综述

为全面掌握交通运输与区域社会经济发展国内外研究现状,关键技术以及主要学术成果、结论。本文从Web of Science数据库和CNKI数据库中选取近20年的文献,借助文献可视化软件VOSviewer对所有文献进行分析。结果表明美国、德国、法国在此方面研究起步较早;研究热点主要围绕交通运输与区域经济的协同发展、产业结构、产业集聚、耦合协调模型等方面展开。未来研究应结合大数据分析,聚焦具体区域交通运输与社会经济间耦合协调度,促进交通运输与区域经济协调发展。     

ROV attitude control based on multi-motor cooperative propulsion北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了提高遥控水下航行器(ROV)在复杂水下环境中的姿态控制性能,开展多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制研究。[方法]首先,针对多电机系统的结构和算法,分别提出一种基于PID速度补偿器的偏差耦合结构和一种新型非奇异终端滑模控制(SMC)算法,并设计一种新颖的基于多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制方法;然后,建立ROV的运动学和动力学模型,开展推进器组推力建模分析、解耦简化ROV动力学模型研究;最后,设计一种ROV滑模姿态控制器。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提的结构和算法可提高多电机系统的抗干扰性、同步性和快速响应能力,进而提高ROV姿态控制系统的稳定性与鲁棒性。[结论]所提方法可为ROV姿态控制提供一种新的可用方案。     

美国海军核潜艇舱室大气监测主分析仪器发展述评

舱室大气监测系统是核潜艇的重要组成部分之一,其运行效能直接影响舱室设备可靠运行、人员安全和健康。本文对美国核潜艇的大气监测技术的研究和应用情况进行了详细论述,重点介绍了已装艇应用近半个世纪的中央大气监测系统(Central Atmosphere Monitoring System,CAMS),以及近年来的最新技术探索。当前大气监测技术仍然难以完全满足核潜艇舱室大气监测需求,迫切需要结合最新科技成果,不断探索以提升监测仪器性能。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

一种ATS系统自动化测试工具的设计与实现

列车自动监控系统(ATS)是车载信号系统中的重要组成部分.本文提出一种ATS系统的非侵入式自动化测试工具,模拟测试人员真实测试的整个流程,可配置的测试脚本更具有灵活性,可以实现不同的测试需求;采用基于计算机视觉与光学字符识别的信息提取方式,使测试流程可以完全模拟真人测试;通过验证状态机的结果,简化了测试验证流程.该工具节省了测试过程中耗费的人力成本和时间成本,并在多条实际线路上进行了应用,验证了该工具的适用性和有效性.     

FPSO内孤立波载荷实验观测及理论预报模型研究

利用大型密度分层水槽开展了下凹型内孤立波作用在FPSO上的载荷特性系列实验;并依据实验工况,考虑KdV、eKdV和MCC内孤立波理论的适用性条件,数值研究了FPSO内孤立波载荷成分构成;基于实验结果和载荷成分构成,建立了FPSO内孤立波载荷的理论预报模型.研究表明:FPSO内孤立波水平载荷由粘性力和Froude-Krylov力组成,而垂向载荷主要为垂向Froude-Krylov力;Froude-Krylov力可通过动压力沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到,粘性力则通过经实验回归的摩擦系数Cf、形状修正因数K乘以内孤立波诱导水质点切向速度沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到.系列实验结果得出:摩擦系数Cf和形状修正因数K与雷诺数Re、KC数和流体层深度比h1/h有关;摩擦系数与Re呈自然对数关系;而形状修正因数K与KC数呈幂函数关系.理论预报模型预报的水平载荷、垂向载荷结果均与系列实验和数值结果吻合较好,并且发现随着内孤立波振幅的增加,载荷幅值近乎线性增加,而且上层流体深度对水平力幅值有明显的影响.