自动紧急制动系统控制策略仿真验证

为了在危险情况时辅助驾驶员实现纵向避撞或减小碰撞造成的伤害,文章提出了一种考虑实际制动过程与驾驶员制动行为的分级制动控制策略。通过试验得到相关参数,根据新车评价标准的AEB测试工况与评价指标,搭建测试场景并评价新车AEB功能。仿真结果表明,AEB控制策略在所有工况下都能达到新车评价规程中AEB功能的标准。提出的分级制动控制策略具有一定的参考价值。仿真模型可以方便地更改参数以适用于不同车辆,可作为新车评价AEB功能的仿真工具,减小试验成本,具有实用价值。     

安装风阻制动装置的高速列车制动距离研究

随着高速列车运行速度的提高,采用包括风阻制动技术在内的组合制动方式以保证高速列车紧急制动时达到规定的制动距离成为热点研究方向。文章针对目前研发中的新型分布式风阻制动装置,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对安装风阻制动装置的列车进行了制动力计算,并将相关结果作为输入参数,评估不同布置工况下风阻制动装置对高速列车制动距离的影响。依据评估结果,确定了风阻制动装置的适用速度范围、使用特点及效果。     

道路运输车辆达标车型整车主动安全项目测试简析

道路运输车辆达标车型的实施,有效提升了道路运输车辆的安全性能。文章主要从电子稳定性控制系统、车道偏离预警系统、前向碰撞预警系统、自动紧急制动系统四个整车主动安全测试项目对道路运输车辆达标车型相应标准进行介绍,为道路运输车辆达标车型相关从业人员提供了主动安全整车项目试验参考。     

System energy optimisation strategies for metros with regeneration

Energy and environmental sustainability in transportation are becoming ever more important. In Europe, the transportation sector is responsible for about 30% of the final end use of energy. Electrified railway systems play an important role in contributing to the reduction of energy usage and CO₂ emissions compared with other transport modes. For metro-transit systems with frequently motoring and braking trains, the effective use of regenerated braking energy is a significant way to reduce the net energy consumption. Although eco-driving strategies have been studied for some time, a comprehensive understanding of how regeneration affects the overall system energy consumption has not been developed. This paper proposes a multi-train traction power network modelling method to determine the system energy flow of the railway system with regenerating braking trains. The initial results show that minimising traction energy use is not the same as minimising the system energy usage in a metro system. An integrated optimisation method is proposed to solve the system energy-saving problem, which takes train movement and electrical power flow into consideration. The results of a study of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line indicate that optimised operation could reduce the energy consumption at the substations by nearly 38.6% compared to that used with the existing ATO operation.     

Mental models of driving and speed: biases,choices and reality

This paper provides a review of research performed by Svenson with colleagues and others work on mental models and their practical implications. Mental models describe how people perceive and think about the world including covariances and relationships between different variables, such as driving speed and time. Research on mental models has detected the time-saving bias [Svenson, O. (1970). A functional measurement approach to intuitive estimation as exemplified by estimated time savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 204–210]. It means that drivers relatively overestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from an already high speed, for example, 90–130?km/h, and underestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from a low speed, for example, 30–45?km/h. In congruence with this finding, mean speed judgments and perceptions of mean speeds are also biased and higher speeds given too much weight and low speeds too little weight in comparison with objective reality. Replacing or adding a new speedometer in the car showing min per km eliminated or weakened the time-saving bias. Information about braking distances at different speeds did not improve overoptimistic judgments of braking capacity, but information about collision speed with an object suddenly appearing on the road did improve judgments of braking capacity. This is relevant to drivers, politicians and traffic regulators.     

对地铁信号系统列车运行速度制约因素的探讨

信号系统是保障地铁运行安全及提高运行效率的重要设备,列车超速防护功能是信号系统一个非常关键的功能。信号系统防护下的列车运行速度由车辆、线路、轨道、限界及信号系统等条件共同决定。由于相关专业对信号系统安全制动模型不了解,在实际工程中易造成"速度浪费"现象。从信号系统安全制动模型的原理出发,对车辆、线路、轨道、限界等专业对列车运行速度的制约因素进行分析,提出建议。     

基于FMECA故障分析的高速动车组制动系统RAMS研究

高速动车组制动系统RAMS管理能够保证车辆在其全寿命周期内达到其功能要求。文章以CRH2型高速动车组制动系统为对象建立了可靠性模型,利用FMECA方法,系统地分析了制动系统的故障模式影响及危害性,并将其可能的故障模式按严重程度分类,以便采取改进措施。     

混合动力客车制动能量回馈及控制仿真研究

基于AVL Cruise软件建立了并联式混合动力客车模型,设计了并联混合动力客车控制策略,在纯电机制动模式和机电混合制动模式下对混合动力客车的能量再生制动进行了仿真。仿真结果表明：在纯电机制动模式下能较充分回收汽车制动动能,但是制动效能较低;在机电混合制动模式下,制动效能高,与纯机械制动效能基本一致,但电机再生制动回收能量的效果不很明显。     

天兴洲公铁两用斜拉桥主梁纵向地震、列车制动及行车移动荷载响应的混合控制

针对天兴洲公铁两用斜拉桥提出"MR阻尼器 液体粘滞阻尼器"的混合控制方案,并建立了对该桥主梁纵向地震、列车制动和行车移动荷载响应混合控制的基本方程、控制策略和仿真分析方法,分析结果表明采用该混合控制方案能有效地抑制大桥主梁纵向地震、列车制动及行车移动荷载的振动响应.     

浅析电动汽车中的再生制动

电动汽车可以实现再生制动。本文对变频器再生制动的原理、应用进行详细的阐述,并通过仿真加以证明。