戈壁粗粒土填料填筑铁路路基压实评价指标研究

选取兰新铁路第二双线4个具有代表性的路基试验段,进行戈壁粗粒土填筑路基的压实质量评价指标研究。研究表明:粗粒土填料填筑路基的孔隙率偏小,但现有规范规定的孔隙率标准偏大,起不到控制路基密实度的作用,因此提出用填料的细颗粒室内击实试验得到的孔隙率换算整体孔隙率的方法控制粗粒土填筑路基的密实度;K30能较好地反映填料的塑性变形,且对压实质量敏感,比Ev2更适合作为路基压实质量的评价指标;Ev2/Ev1控制路基压实质量的实质是Ev1在起作用;规范不应用统一的Ev2/Ev1标准,而应根据填料的粗颗粒含量制定相应的Ev2/Ev1标准,填料的粗颗粒含量越多,填筑的路基的弹性变形量越小,Ev2/Ev1的规范标准应越大;Ev1的测试深度比K30大,且塑性变形在总变形中的比例也大,因此可以考虑将Ev1设定为路基压实质量的评价指标。     

船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准影响研究

骑浪/横甩是IMO船舶第二代完整稳性的五种失效模式之一,是一种基于概率的稳性衡准,制定规范的目的是更有效地保障船舶在实海域中的航行安全,确保不发生稳性失效情况.本研究中,以IMO有关成员国提出的最新版骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准草案为基础,基于自主开发的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准校核软件,针对围网渔船开展了样船计算和比较分析,研究IMO正在制定的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准方法对该类船型的适用情况,分析船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的影响,为我国参与国际法规制定,提出针对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的提案提供技术支撑和依据.     

准东铁路增建二线牵引供电系统研究

结合伊泰准东铁路虎石至周家湾段增建二线电气化工程特点,为增建二线绕行既有线的牵引供电系统提出一种新的设计思路,并对其牵引网的载流能力、牵引变压器容量、牵引网末端电压水平等主要控制因素进行分析,同时对配套电气化工程从不同角度进行优化设计,使研究方案技术更合理,供电能力更强,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于测速与测距技术的汽车安全座椅设计

为提高汽车的正面防撞安全性能,降低甚至避免二次碰撞危害,文章特提出一种新型的汽车安全座椅的设计方案。文章介绍了基于测速与测距技术的汽车安全座椅在功能、结构设计及椅背倾角调节等方面的关键问题,并从基础理论的角度进行了可行性验证,说明该技术能提前预测碰撞危险,并及时采取措施避让,提高了汽车的安全性。     

Second best toll and capacity optimisation in networks: solution algorithm and policy implications

This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw. Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network.

Compromising system and user interests in shelter location and evacuation planning

Traffic management during an evacuation and the decision of where to locate the shelters are of critical importance to the performance of an evacuation plan. From the evacuation management authority’s point of view, the desirable goal is to minimize the total evacuation time by computing a system optimum (SO). However, evacuees may not be willing to take long routes enforced on them by a SO solution; but they may consent to taking routes with lengths not longer than the shortest path to the nearest shelter site by more than a tolerable factor. We develop a model that optimally locates shelters and assigns evacuees to the nearest shelter sites by assigning them to shortest paths, shortest and nearest with a given degree of tolerance, so that the total evacuation time is minimized. As the travel time on a road segment is often modeled as a nonlinear function of the flow on the segment, the resulting model is a nonlinear mixed integer programming model. We develop a solution method that can handle practical size problems using second order cone programming techniques. Using our model, we investigate the importance of the number and locations of shelter sites and the trade-off between efficiency and fairness.     

宁波大榭第二大桥总体设计

大榭第二大桥为大榭岛对外与北仑联结的第二座特大型跨海桥梁工程,全长约5.5 km,由主桥、大榭侧及北仑侧引桥、炮台岗深路堑及老329国道简易立交组成,主桥采用大型单索面帆形混合塔斜拉桥.介绍了全桥总体布置、主桥及两侧引桥结构的设计与构思.     

重载交通下特大型单索面帆形混合塔斜拉桥设计技术

以宁波大榭第二大桥特大型单索面帆形混合塔斜拉桥为背景,分析了重载交通作用下的荷载取值、检算标准及对桥梁结构的影响,研究探讨了单索面斜拉桥的抗扭、抗倾覆、剪力滞、抗风性能及制造与安装要求等技术问题,详细论述了帆形混合塔的总体受力性能及钢塔锚索区与钢—混结合部等重要节点构造的技术要点.     

虎门二桥节段拼装箱梁结构设计

从箱梁的节段划分、接缝设计、剪力键设计、预应力体系设计等节段拼装设计的关键方面,对虎门二桥工程引桥节段拼装箱梁的结构设计细节进行了详细介绍,可为今后类似桥梁建设借鉴和参考。     

厦门第二西通道陆域段施工技术问题探讨

厦门市第二西通道陆域段工程沿厦门岛内繁忙干道兴湖路布设,结构形式多样,安全风险较高。对厦门市第二西通道陆域段工程中浅埋暗挖双连拱隧道、深大明挖基坑、隧道上跨既有地铁隧道等施工中的关键技术问题进行研究。主要研究和结论如下：1）浅埋暗挖双连拱隧道埋深小、跨度大、地质软弱、保持地面交通,控制沉降是施工的关键技术所在。从三导洞工况理论分析看,设计支护和开挖方法是合理可行的,施工中还应结合实际优化具体支护参数,注重受力体系转换环节,加强监控量测,用信息化指导施工。2）深大明挖基坑,关键是要确保基坑支护体系变形受控,结构安全,基坑防水有效,保证基坑和周边建筑物的安全,尤其要注重复合地层组合式围护体系的整体稳定。3）隧道上跨既有地铁隧道,施工中要采取防既有地铁轨道上浮的工程措施,同时加强地铁轨道监控量测,制定好轨道调整预案,保证地铁轨道线型符合规范要求。