双自由度舵机执行机构冲击载荷的仿真分析

超高速水下航行体航行过程中工况复杂,在加速段速度跨度大,双自由度舵机执行机构承受了较大的瞬态冲击载荷,有必要对其韧性进行分析校核。本文分别建立旋转机构输出轴、减速箱体和展开机构最后一级齿轮副的多刚体动力学仿真模型,分析各机构在冲击载荷下的应力和变形情况,校核结构韧性的可靠性,同时对旋转机构输出轴进行模态分析。仿真与校核结果为机构优化设计提供参考依据。     

动车组拖车轮对振动性能分析

建立了多刚体和刚柔体耦合的高速动车组拖车整车动力学模型,通过对多种工况的数值计算,获得随机激扰下轴箱垂向加速度时间历程,结果表明车辆在高速运行时,随速度的提高,刚、弹性轮对的轴箱垂向加速度偏差增大;结合高速线路实测数据进行对比分析,弹性体轮对的结果与实测结果更吻合。     

刚柔耦合多体车辆操纵稳定性研究

利用多体动力学方法建立了基于ADAMS软件平台的整车刚柔耦合多体系统操纵动力学仿真分析模型。并分别对多刚体模型和刚柔耦合多体模型进行了“转向盘脉冲输入”、“ISO移线”仿真，分析了构件的柔性对汽车操纵稳定性的评价指标值的影响。     

Dynamic simulation of train–truck collision at level crossings

Trains crashing onto heavy road vehicles stuck across rail tracks are more likely occurrences at level crossings due to ongoing increase in the registration of heavy vehicles and these long heavy vehicles getting caught in traffic after partly crossing the boom gate; these incidents lead to significant financial losses and societal costs. This paper presents an investigation of the dynamic responses of trains under frontal collision on road trucks obliquely stuck on rail tracks at level crossings. This study builds a nonlinear three-dimensional multi-body dynamic model of a passenger train colliding with an obliquely stuck road truck on a ballasted track. The model is first benchmarked against several train dynamics packages and its predictions of the dynamic response and derailment potential are shown rational. A geometry-based derailment assessment criterion is applied to evaluate the derailment behaviour of the frontal obliquely impacted trains under different conditions. Sensitivities of several key influencing parameters, such as the train impact speed, the truck mass, the friction at truck tyres, the train–truck impact angle, the contact friction at the collision zone, the wheel/rail friction and the train suspension are reported.     

大型船舶推进轴系扭振特性仿真和试验

基于多体动力学耦合理论结合有限元理论,以1艘大型船舶为研究对象,建立其推进轴系的刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真模型,对大型低转速推进轴系在工作中的扭振特性进行研究。在仿真计算的基础上,利用扭振测试系统对实船的扭振进行测量,并从多个谐次将轴系扭振的仿真计算值与试验测量值进行对比和分析。分析结果表明,通过仿真计算得到的轴系扭转振动变化趋势与实际测量值基本相符,验证了仿真模型的正确性和可行性。同时,通过Adams/Virbration模块分析了船体变形对轴系扭振的影响,证明了船体变形会导致轴系扭转振动增大。     

汽车动理学模型综述

随着汽车动态仿真的发展，产生了不同复杂程度的汽车动理学模型，主要分为集中参数模型和多体模型。在简要说明汽车动理学发腰过程的基础上，介绍了用集中参数模型法建立的动力传动系模型、路面模型以及研究汽车平顺性和操纵稳定性的整车模型，技术介绍了多体模型以及用有限元法和动态子结构法建立的仿直模型，最后提出了汽车动理学模型的发展趋势。     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

平地上高速列车的风致安全特性

为研究高速列车在强侧风作用下安全行驶问题,基于空气动力学和多体系统动力学理论,建立了高速列车空气动力学模型和车辆系统动力学模型.应用该模型计算了不同风向角、不同风速和不同车速下作用于车体上的侧风气动载荷.根据高速列车整车试验规范,以脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力和轮轨垂向力为运行安全指标,分析了头车、中间车和尾车的运行安全性.研究表明:头车的安全性最差,且风向角为90°时,横风情况下最危险.随着车速的增大,最大安全风速急剧减小.当车速为200km/h时,最大安全风速为29.61 m/s;当车速为400 km/h时,最大安全风速为18.87m/s.     

车用发动机扭转振动的分析与控制

基于扭转振动的基本原理,对发动机两种类型的扭转振动减振器的设计计算做深入的陈述.结合两款有针对性的发动机,对所要计算的基本参数及该参数所要限定的范围作了具体说明.最后用本公司自主开发的发动机扭振分析软件对一款发动机进行模拟计算,并与试验测量结果进行对比分析,并证明计算的结果是准确可靠的.     

Virtual durability test rigs for automotive engineering

In recent years so-called ‘virtual test rigs’ have become more and more important in the development process of cars and trucks. Originally, the idea was to substitute expensive durability tests with computer simulation. Meanwhile, the focus has changed towards a more cooperative usage of numerical and laboratory rig simulation. For many safety critical issues laboratory tests remain indispensable. In early development stages, when no physical prototypes are available yet, numerical simulation is used to analyse and optimise the design. In this paper, we show how to build numerical simulation models of complex servo-hydraulic test systems and their test specimen using multi-body simulation for the mechanics in combination with simulation models for the hydraulics and controls. We illustrate this at two industrial application examples: a spindle-coupled passenger car suspension rig and a tyre-coupled full vehicle rig. We show how the simulation models are used to design and optimise better test rigs and to support the test rig operation by preparing the physical tests with new specimen, i.e. by performing numerical simulations including numerical drive file iteration before the physical tests start.