CFD在潜艇外形方案比较中的应用

以水滴型潜艇为母型进行改造,提出了新型椭圆截面和碟形截面的潜艇外形设计.水滴型潜艇的型值选用"大青花鱼"号的简化型值,在船长与排水量不变的条件下通过改变截面形状给出了后两种新艇型的型值,建立了计算模型.采用有限体积法求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了三种艇体周围的粘性流场,通过对三者的粘性绕流和阻力性能的比较,给出了三种方案各自的优缺点.     

同步入水双圆柱相互作用的计算研究

为了研究多圆柱入水的相互影响,采用二维CFD方法数值模拟双圆柱同步常速入水物理过程.利用自由液面捕捉法来计算自由液面,将自由液面当作密度域的接触间断来处理,以非均匀密度的不可压缩Euler方程作为控制方程.采用直角切割网格作为离散网格系统和有限体积法进行数值离散,以人工压缩法来实现速度和压力的耦合求解.采用Roe的近似Riemann解算子计算流甬数和一阶隐式的双时间推进法进行时间步进.以三个不同参数的双圆柱入水作为算例,将数值模拟得到的自由液面形状、圆柱压强分布和受力时间历程与单圆柱入水的结果进行了比较.     

Interaction of two-dimensional impulsively started airfoils

Continuous vortieity panels were used to model general unsteady inviscid, incompressible, two-dimensional flows. The geometry of the airfoil was approximated by series of short straight segments having endpoints that lie on the actual surface. A piecewise linear, continuous distribution of vorticity over the airfoil surface was used to generate disturbance flow. The no-penetration condition was imposed at the midpoint of each segment and at discrete times. The wake was simulated by a system of point vortices, which moved at local fluid velocity. At each time step, a new wake panel with uniform vortieity distribution was attached to the trailing edge, and the condition of constant circulation around the airfoil and wake was imposed. A new expression for Kutta condition was developed to study the interference effect between two impulsively started NACA0012 airfoils. The tandem arrangement was found to he the most effective to enhance the lift of the rear airfoil. The interference effect between tidal turbine blades was shown clearly.     

均匀流中潜艇水下运动表面尾迹的数值模拟

本文通过基于RANS方程和VOF方法的非定常粘性数值方法对潜艇在均匀流中水下运动的表面尾迹特征进行了探索性研究,较好地解决了用粘性流方法来模拟远场波浪中的数值耗散问题,数值计算得到的潜艇运动尾迹特征与诸多文献和理论分析结果基本一致.本文均匀流中的数值模拟将成为潜艇在分层流运动数值模拟的基础.     

均匀粘性流体中截断直立圆柱体受迫振荡的三维数值模拟

研究了直立截断圆柱体受迫振荡时的三维绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,采用有限体积法和PISO算法,以自身泻涡频率为振荡频率建立数值模型对受迫振荡圆柱体进行研究分析.分析对比了受迫振荡圆柱体与静止圆柱体力系数差别及流场特性,并取多组雷诺数对柱体的力系数和流场进行了研究分析,总结了受迫振荡圆柱体力系数幅值及平均力系数随雷诺数的变化规律.     

平板上直立圆柱三维绕流的CFD计算研究

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对粘性不可压缩流体流过平板上直立圆柱的绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用了有限体积法和SIMPLE计算程式,利用不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程,模拟了雷诺数在200的层流绕流流动。在建立贴体的结构化精细网格之后,成功模拟了马蹄涡,与经典的理论对比具有较好的吻合性。同时得到了交接部区域的剪切力云图。计算结果表明,主/附体结构交接部区域流动机理十分复杂,在这个区域有马蹄涡的存在,是产生交接部冲蚀的根本原因。计算结果表明本文所用方法在模拟含有复杂流动机理的圆柱绕流中是可靠性的。     

二维Oseen流中潜体产生的非定常表面波

本文考虑无限深不可压粘性流体中潜体产生的非定常表面波.受扰流动由非定常Oseen方程控制,对自由面上的波动则采用线性化边界条件,物体用具有周期振荡强度的Oseen极子模拟.通过Fourier变换,自由表面波的精确解表示为带复变色散函数的积分式,波动力学性质由Reynolds数和Strouhal数刻画.运用Lighthill定理,导出了亚临界和超临界Strouhal数时表面波的远场解的渐近式.结果显示,振荡Oseen极子生成的波动包含稳态和瞬态响应.对于亚临界Strouhal数粘性流动,存在四列波,三列在下游区域传播,一列在上游区域;对于超临界Strouhal数粘性流动,仅有在下游区域传播的二列波.     

机翼翼端与固壁之间隙流动的数值模拟

本文通过求解不可压缩流体RANS方程,对机翼翼端与固壁间隙流动进行了数值模拟。计算采用Chiorin提出的人工可压缩性方法及Baldwin-Lomax零方程湍流模式。针对间隙流动的特殊性，引进了流场分块的思想以降低网络生成难度、提高网络质量。为了验证计算方法的精度，首先对三维叶栅与固壁之间隙流动进行了数值模拟，计算结果与试验比较吻合良好。在此基础上，对高雷诺数下机翼翼端与固壁间隙的流流动进行了数值模拟，着重是隙的变化对机翼总力的影响、翼端分离涡的形成和发展以及导边附近马蹄涡的出现和消失、间隙内二次流动的特征待方面进行了分析。     

入水问题的求解及其相关的工程应用(英文)

For solving water entry problems, a numerical method is presented, which is a CFD method based on free surface capturing method and Cartesian cut cell mesh. In this approach, incompressible Euler equations for a variable density fluid are numerically calculated by the finite volume method. Then artificial compressibility method, dual time-stepping technique and Roe’s approximate Riemann solver are adopted in the numerical scheme. Finally, some application cases are designed to show the ability of the current method to cope with water entry problems in ocean engineering.     

CFD理论黏性流场中三维振动水翼的非定常水动力性能(英文)

The motion of the fins and control surfaces of underwater vehicles in a fluid is an interesting and challenging research subject. Typically the effect of fin oscillations on the fluid flow around such a body is highly unsteady, generating vortices and requiring detailed analysis of fluid-structure interactions. An understanding of the complexities of such flows is of interest to engineers developing vehicles capable of high dynamic performance in their propulsion and maneuvering. In the present study, a CFD based RANS simulation of a 3-D fin body moving in a viscous fluid was developed. It investigated hydrodynamic performance by evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment) at two different oscillating frequencies. A parametric analysis of the factors that affect the hydrodynamic performance of the fin body was done, along with a comparison of results from experiments. The results of the simulation were found in close agreement with experimental results and this validated the simulation as an effective tool for evaluation of the unsteady hydrodynamic coefficients of 3-D fins. This work can be further be used for analysis of the stability and maneuverability of fin actuated underwater vehicles.     

A finite pointset method for the numerical simulation of free surface flow around a ship

In this paper, we present a Finite pointset method (FPM) for the numerical simulation of free surface flow around a ship in calm water. It is a Lagrangian and meshless particle scheme which is applied to the projection method for the incompressible governing equations. This requires the solution of Poisson problems in each time step, so a moving least squares (MLS) interpolants is used for the spatial derivatives in order to discretize the Poisson equation with pressure-Dirichlet condition of free surface flow in meshless structure. Meanwhile, an additional problem of the periodic particle locations redistribution in the present approach is still handled by MLS interpolants. With the proposed FPM technique, problems associated with the free surface flow around a ship are circumvented. A verification of numerical modeling is made using the Wigley hull and the validity of the proposed methodology is examined by comparing the detail of wave profile and wave-making resistance with Series 60 model. The results demonstrate that FPM is able to perform efficient and stable simulations of free surface flow around a ship.     

改进的基于特征线的N-S方程算子分裂有限元法

基于特征线的Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程算子分裂有限元法（CBOS有限元法）的核心是在每一个时间层上,采用算子分裂法将N-S方程的对流项和扩散项分开求解;对流项的求解过程借鉴了简单显式特征线时间离散,显式求解。该文在原CBOS有限元法基础上推导了一种更加精确的对流项显式离散方法。通过自编程序对方腔流进行数值模拟,表明该算法具有更高的计算精度。低雷诺数下圆柱绕流计算所得的阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈数等与已有数据较为接近,表明该文中算法能较准确地模拟圆柱绕流的流场特性;最后,文中分析了Re=200时圆柱绕流在一个周期内所受升力变化与对应流场中压力和流线演化的关系。     

Numerical solutions for a two-dimensional airfoil undergoing unsteady motion

Continuous vorticity panels are used to model general unsteady inviscid, incompressible, and two-dimensional flows. The geometry of the airfoil is approximated by series of short straight segments having endpoints that lie on the actual surface. A piecewise linear, continuous distribution of vorticity over the airfoil surface is used to generate disturbance flow. The no-penetration condition is imposed at the midpoint of each segment and at discrete times. The wake is simulated by a system of point vortices, which move at local fluid velocity. At each time step, a new wake panel with uniform vorticity distribution is attached to the trailing edge, and the condition of constant circulation around the airfoil and wake is imposed. A new expression for Kutta condition is developed to study (i) the effect of thickness on the lift build-up of an impulsively started airfoil, (ii) the effects of reduced frequency and heave amplitude on the thrust production of flapping airfoils, and (iii) the vortex-airfoil interaction. This work presents some hydrodynamic results for tidalstream turbine.     

尺度效应对全附体潜艇阻力数值计算结果的影响

采用数值计算方法对SUBOFF潜艇的全附体模型进行三维粘性流场数值模拟,将雷诺数为1.2×107时的计算结果同试验结果进行比较,验证了计算方法的可靠性 采用不同数量的网格分别对不同尺度的SUBOFF模型在高雷诺数条件下的流场进行数值模拟,研究网格数量和艇体主尺度大小对高雷诺数条件下潜艇阻力计算结果的影响,通过对计算结果的分析,获得了尺度效应和网格数量对潜艇阻力数值计算结果的影响规律。     

H-adaptive Navier–Stokes simulations of free-surface flows around moving bodies

This article deals with Navier–Stokes simulations of multiphase flows around moving bodies coupled with an adaptive mesh refinement strategy. The numerical framework is considered first: the Navier–Stokes solver, the methodologies for handling multiphase flows and moving bodies, the remeshing techniques, and the adaptive procedure are explained and detailed. Then an application involving hydrodynamic impacts is presented in detail and studied to highlight the relevance of the whole global approach. Of particular interest is the accurate computation of pressure peaks arising during impacts.     

基于时间步长自适应技术的海上浮基风电平台绕流数值模拟分析

圆柱绕流问题对于研究海上浮基风电平台在波浪和海流作用下的动力特性以及开发深海风能具有重要的理论和工程应用价值,很多不可压缩流体力学数值模拟方法都基于圆柱绕流的实验或计算结果进行验证。基于自适应时间步长理论及小雷诺数（Re=100）情况下,采用有限体积法,借助FLUENT软件中的用户自定义（UDF）功能,通过二次开发在FLUENT中实现圆柱绕流的数值模拟,并对计算结果与先前的研究结果作了比较,依此来验证时间步长自适应技术和精细边界层网格设计的合理性。计算结果表明了该方法能有效获得准确的流体动力学参数并提高数值模拟计算精度,为该领域的深入研究提供依据。     

基于BFC-VOF方法的弧形防浪墙水动力数值模拟

文章建立了一种基于适体坐标系(BFC)的计算流体力学模型.采用坐标变换方法实现了任意复杂区域的结构化网格划分,在贴体网格下对二维不可压缩粘性流体的控制方程进行了离散,修正了贴体坐标下的界面跟踪方法(VOF方法).对弧形防浪墙结构附近的压力场,波面历时曲线进行了数值计算.将采用适体坐标的计算结果与在笛卡尔坐标网格下采用部...     

基于FLUENT网–栅结构围油栏拦油特性数值实验

为研究网-栅结构围油栏拦油性能,基于不可压缩黏性流体的N-S方程和流体体积分数方法(VOF),利用FLUENT软件进行数值实验。在不同流速下,对其临界失效速度进行了验证;拦网孔隙率变化,对网–栅结构围油栏拦油特性影响不大;溢油区域相对围油栏初始位置的不同,对围油栏拦油效果则有显著影响。在实际应用中,应当注意网–栅结构围油栏的使用环境,合理确定围油栏的布设位置,防止不必要的拦油失效情况发生。     

Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

均流中大型集装箱船桨舵干扰粘性流场的数值计算研究

应用FLUENT软件的滑移网格技术,实现了均匀来流中的桨舵干扰粘性流场计算。考察了桨推力、舵受力,桨舵周围的速度、压力分布。为尝试预报舵空泡性能,还考察了桨舵间距变化对舵面上的压力分布的影响,取得了与舵空泡观察试验一致的结果。本项工作为船后桨舵干扰粘性流场计算提供了基础。