波浪中破损船舶的运动响应研究

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者的相互影响机理十分复杂.本文重点研究波浪中破舱进出水对船舶运动响应的影响,文中首先基于势流理论建立了考虑破舱进出水的4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合时域预报方法,在计算中假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda's经验公式修正阻尼系数.然后以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了波浪中考虑破舱进出水的数学模型以及破舱进出水对运动响应的影响,并研究了不同自由度、破舱口位置对运动响应的影响.研究表明,本文基于势流理论建立的时域预报方法可以定量的预报破损船舶的运动响应.     

破损舰船运动与波浪载荷预报方法

为了研究舰船舱室破损对船体运动与波浪载荷的影响,采用三维频域势流理论,计算了发生第二类舱室破损后舰船在斜浪规则波上的运动与垂向弯矩。以一典型破损情况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态及稳性,并与破损前进行了比较,结果显示,横摇运动及垂向弯矩明显增加,而其它5个自由度运动则有所减小。基于船舶静力学原理,分析了舰船破损对浮态及稳性的影响。最后,使用格林函数法研究了舱室进水导致的液舱晃荡,结果表明,液舱晃荡附加质量在某些频率附近有明显的共振效应,必须通过阻尼系数考虑流体粘性的影响,避免产生非物理结果。     

用Morlet小波变换研究舰船横摇垂荡耦合特性

本文探索了用小波变换方法对舰船横摇垂荡非线性耦合动力学特性的研究.对于考虑与垂荡二次耦合的舰船横摇方程,用Morlet小波变换分析其摇摆响应动力学特性,研究分析了船舶在几种典型波浪中的状况:稳定区域中的横摇回复和稳态横摇;非稳定区域的横摇发散;以及混沌现象.研究表明,通过小波变换所特有的时频窗,对横摇响应小波变换系数的模和相等信息进行分析,可以获得船舶横摇-垂荡耦合非线性动力学幅值和频率的各种典型特征.     

Large-amplitude motion responses of a Ro–Ro ship to regular oblique waves in intact and damaged conditions

This article presents a nonlinear time-domain simulation method for the prediction of large-amplitude motions of a Ro–Ro ship in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried out to investigate the dynamic motion responses of Ro–Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings. The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements show good agreement except in the roll-resonant region. Nonlinear effects are significant in horizontal modes of motion, and resonant roll motion, and there is strong coupling between all modes of motion in the roll-resonant region for large-amplitude responses. On the other hand, the time-domain simulation technique suffers from numerical drift in horizontal modes of motion as wave amplitude increases. This is due to nonlinear equations of motion and the lack of a restoring force and moment in horizontal motion. Received: April 30, 2002 / Accepted: August 9, 2002 Acknowledgments. II Programme of the European Community Commission under contract No. BRPR-CT97-0513. Address correspondence to: H.S. Chan (hoi-sang.chan@ncl.ac.uk)     

基于随机Melnikov方法的甲板上浪船舶混沌运动研究

应用随机Melnikov方法和庞加莱截面研究甲板上浪时船舶的混沌运动。考虑甲板上浪对船舶静稳性的影响,建立随机横浪中船舶横摇运动方程。由随机Melnikov过程结合均方准则确定船舶产生混沌运动的参数域,计算不同参数域中船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面和时间历程。结果表明,增加船舶阻尼将抑制混沌运动的发生。甲板上浪时船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面上有两个吸引域,船舶运动过程有两个横摇中心。在非混沌参数域中,船舶只围绕其中的一个横摇中心运动;在混沌参数域中,发生由一个横摇中心到另一个横摇中心的随机跳跃。     

规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动研究

考虑船舶横摇运动中恢复力矩及阻尼力矩的非线性,建立船舶在规则波浪中参数激励下的非线性横摇运动方程,并对规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动进行研究,探讨船舶发生参数激励横摇运动的条件及大幅横摇的动力学特征,分析船速、波高及波长等因素对参数激励横摇运动的影响。     

Global wave loads on intact and damaged Ro-Ro ships in regular oblique waves

A nonlinear time-domain simulation method is presented for the prediction of dynamic global wave loads on a Ro-Ro ship at zero speed in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried to investigate the structural responses of Ro-Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings (DTR-4.1-NEW-12.98, DEXTREMEL project BE97-4375, 1998; DTR-4.2-NEW-11.99, DEXTREMEL project BE97-4375, 1999). The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements for global wave loads at the midship section of the intact and the damaged Ro-Ro ship show that the agreement between the theory and experiment for dynamic horizontal and vertical bending moments is excellent. On the other hand, correlation between the predictions and measurements for dynamic vertical shear force is better than that for dynamic horizontal shear force. Nevertheless, the calculated torsion moment values are higher than the measured values. As the wave amplitude is not small, the positive and negative peaks of global wave loads are no longer equal to each other as found in both the calculations and experiments. The dynamic vertical global wave loads in the damaged condition are larger than that in the intact condition.     

具有淹水舱的舰船横摇运动建模探讨

舰船在风浪中横摇运动特性是影响舰船航行安全的主要因素,而当舰船由于碰撞、搁浅等意外事故造成船体破损进水后,具有淹水舱的舰船在风浪中的横摇运动将变得更加复杂,更加危险,文章系统地分析了具有淹水舱的舰船在波浪中横摇运动时船和舱内水的能量耦合作用,根据拉格朗日方程建立了具有淹水舱的舰船横摇运动两自由度微分方程,并在此基础上,用Melnikov方法对某实船破损进水后的横摇运动进行了非线性分析,验证了所建模型的实用性,为进一步分析破损进水舰船在风浪中的横摇运动特性提供了可行的数学模型.     

基于快速性和耐波性的倒V型船首改型设计

利用CFD数值模拟仿真计算,以减摇减阻为目的,在倒V形船艏的基础上进行船艏改型设计。利用商业软件FineMarine对原型和改型的静水阻力、波浪增阻、纵摇幅值、升沉幅值、波浪中的运动响应等进行数值计算,并对比计算结果,评价改型效果。计算结果表明,改型后静水阻力、规则波中的升沉和纵摇均有不同幅度的减小。     

基于统一模型的船舶迎浪参数横摇数值预报及其舵减摇研究

国际海事组织（IMO）正致力于第二代完整稳性规范的制定,而参数横摇一直是船舶动态完整稳性研究的热点。文章采用考虑船舶操纵性和耐波性运动耦合的统一模型对迎浪规则波下的船舶参数横摇运动进行了时域数值模拟。在时域模型中,六自由度耐波性运动辐射绕射力采用切片理论计算,并由脉冲响应函数法转化到时域。非线性回复力和入射波力采用瞬时湿表面压力积分方法计算。操纵性运动基于MMG模型,依据统一理论将操纵性与耐波性运动进行耦合计算。文中先应用简化三自由度模型对三艘集装箱船进行了参数横摇样船计算,并进行了初步的模型实验验证,依据结果对比分析了横摇惯性矩、初稳性高和方形系数对参数横摇的影响。基于统一模型分析了操纵性运动对参数横摇的影响,并进行了参数横摇舵减摇研究。     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

Dynamic responses analysis of a 5 MW spar-type floating wind turbine under accidental ship-impact scenario

Ship impact against offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT) has been identified as one of the major hazards with the development of OFWTs. The dynamic responses of OFWTs under ship impact should be taken into consideration during the design phase. This paper addresses a study on the dynamic responses of an OFWT in ship collision scenarios. Firstly, a mathematical model for external mechanism of ship-OFWT collision scenario is developed. Secondly, this model is combined with an in-house programme, DARwind, which can be used to predict nonlinear dynamic responses of whole OFWT system in time-domain. With the newly combined analysis tool, simulation cases for different scenarios are conducted to investigate the nonlinear dynamic responses of OFWT system, including the cases of still water condition, wave-only condition and wind-wave condition. It is shown that in still water condition, the ship impact will more obviously change the responses of motions and mooring system, compared with those in wave and wave-wind conditions. In the wave-only condition, these motions responses of platform are suppressed by wave effect, but the tower vibration and tower top deformation are sensitive to ship collision. For the wave-wind combined condition, the motions increment in surge and pitch due to ship collision becomes smaller than that of wave-only condition, but yaw motion has a considerable variation compared with those of the other two conditions. Additionally, the blade tip deformation increment due to ship collision are analyzed and it is found that the edgewise tip deformation got more obvious increment than that of flapwise. To further asses the safety of OFWT, the acceleration at nacelle are analyzed because some equipment might be sensitive to acceleration. The analysis results indicate that even though the OFWT structure doesn't get critical damage by ship impact, the equipment inside may still fail to work due to the high value of acceleration induced by ship impact. The research outcomes can benefit the safety design of OFWT in the engineering practice.     

船舶非线性横摇运动方程的线性化研究

考虑阻尼力矩和恢复力矩的非线性,运用能量法对正横规则波中船舶非线性横摇运动方程进行等效线性化,导出等效线性系数表达式,并验证其工程实用性,为船舶横摇预报提供理论分析计算模型。     

有限水深中破损船舶的运动与波浪载荷研究

由于有限水深中船舶搁浅和触礁等严重破损事故频发,为了减少事故的发生,对有限水深中船舶破损后的运动及波浪载荷的研究显得十分必要。文章基于三维势流理论,引入有限水深自由面Green函数,在频域内使用奇点分布法对一艘首部破损进水的散货船在有限水深中的运动与波浪载荷展开了计算,并根据劳氏船级社规范做了短期预报。短期预报结果表明,该散货船破损进水后,船体所受垂向和水平波浪弯矩均比破损前有明显增加,且在较浅水深中变化更为显著。     

多液舱晃荡与船体运动耦合数值研究

针对多液舱养殖工船耐波性数值研究计算量过大的问题，建立了一套耦合数值求解系统。使用脉冲响应函数法求解船体运动方程，基于计算流体力学方法数值模拟液舱晃荡，在时域上离散求解两者的耦合方程。讨论了CFD软件FLUENT的用户自定义函数的编制，验证了横摇回转中心位于重心所在轴线的假设的合理性。为验证计算方法的有效性，在循环水槽中进行了不同载液率下的横摇自由衰减试验。对比数值模拟结果与试验结果，计算的横摇角时历与试验值吻合良好，验证了该方法的有效性，为高效数值研究养殖工船耐波性打下了基础。     

Influence of varying restoring moment curve on parametric roll motion of ships in regular longitudinal waves

This paper examines the influence of stability characteristics on roll motion in the main parametric resonance region. For this purpose, parametrically exited roll motion was modeled as a single degree of freedom system considering heave and pitch effects by means of time varying restoring moment. In addition, restoring moment variations in waves with respect to time and instantaneous roll angle was modeled analytically using the restoring moment curves for the wave crest and wave trough conditions. Roll responses were evaluated in frequency domain by solving the model with an averaging method. Notable correlation between the stability of roll responses and moment curves were observed. The results revealed that, the ratio of metacentric height (GM)between the wave trough and wave crest affects the stability of the trivial solution. Furthermore, the shape of the restoring moment curves in wave trough and wave crest conditions affects the stability of the non-trivial solution or, in other words, the pitchfork bifurcations.     

用Melnikov方法研究船舶在随机横浪中的倾覆

本文应用Melnikov函数和相空间转移率研究船舶在随机波浪中的强非线性横摇运动及其倾覆问题,分析了波浪特征频率、特征波高、船舶非线性恢复力臂以及阻尼特性对相空间转移率的影响.以长30.7m、宽6.9m的渔船为例,采用ISSC波浪谱,在时域内计算了Melnikov函数,得到了相空间转移率与Melnikov函数之间的关系以及有义波高对相空间转移率的影响.研究表明:随有义波高增大,相空间转移率不断增大,船舶航行的安全域迅速减小.从而揭示了相空间转移率与船舶倾覆内在的密切联系,为船舶的设计和稳性衡准提供了有价值的参考.     

随机横浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆研究

应用相空间转移率,定量研究了随机海浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆,给出了甲板上浪对船舶抗倾覆能力的影响.综合考虑非线性阻尼、非线性恢复力矩和随机横浪激励,建立了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时船舶随机非线性横摇运动的一般方程.以一艘倾覆的拖网船为例,分别求解了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时,不同海况激励下船舶横摇的相对相空间转移率.以相空间转移率作为船舶稳性损失的度量,定量比较了两种情况下船舶的抗倾覆能力.研究表明,甲板上浪后,船舶在较低的海况下会产生较大的相对相空间转移率,甲板上浪严重降低船舶的抗倾覆能力,从理论上进一步揭示了甲板上浪船舶的倾覆机理.     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

水下爆炸气泡作用下船体总纵强度估算方法

水下爆炸中的气泡脉动载荷会造成舰船的鞭状运动,对其总纵强度产生很大威胁,是战争中造成船体总体毁伤与丧失生命力的主要原因之一。基于势流理论,推导并建立船体梁气泡弯矩的理论与计算方法,同时综合考虑气泡弯矩、船体静水弯矩、波浪弯矩及砰击弯矩等其他影响因素,建立一套完整的气泡作用下船体梁总纵强度估算方法。通过算例,校核典型工况下多种弯矩同时作用时船体梁的总纵强度。计算结果表明,气泡脉动载荷产生的总纵弯矩具有周期性鞭振特性,且数值大于其他弯矩。在评估舰船总纵强度与生命力时,应充分考虑气泡脉动载荷的影响。