Longitudinal strength of ships with accidental damages

This paper presents an investigation of the longitudinal strength of ships with damages due to grounding or collision accidents. Analytical equations are derived for the residual hull girder strength and verified with direct calculations of sample commercial ships for a broad spectrum of accidents. Hull girder ultimate strengths of these sample vessels under sagging and hogging conditions are also calculated, based on which correlation equations are proposed. To evaluate a grounded ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be optimistic, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be conservative. On the contrary, to evaluate a collided ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be conservative, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be optimistic. The derived analytical formulae are then applied to a fleet of 67 commercial ships, including 21 double hull tankers, 18 bulk carriers, 22 single hull tankers and six container carriers. The mean values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation for the coefficients in these new analytical formulae are obtained. The ship length exhibits little influence on these coefficients because they are close to the mean values although ship length spans from 150 to 400 m. The ship type shows some influence on the residual strength. Uniform equations are proposed for commercial ships which do not depend on a ship's principal dimensions. These formulae provide very handy tools for predicting the residual strength in seconds, without performing step-by-step detailed calculations, an obvious advantage in cases of emergency or salvage operation.     

Design of bridges against ship collisions

The paper outlines a rational design procedure for bridge piers and pylons against ship collision impacts. Firstly, a set of risk acceptance criteria are proposed. This is followed by a mathematically based procedure for calculation of the probability of critical ship meeting situations near the bridge, and the probability of ship collision accidents caused by human errors as well as technical errors. This first part of the paper leads to identification of the largest striking ship, “design vessels”, a given bridge pier must withstand without structural failure in order for the bridge connection to fulfil the risk acceptance criteria. The final part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the needed impact capacity for the bridge pylons and piers exposed to ship bow impact loads from these “design vessels”. For a number of different ship types and different tonnage merchant vessels, load – displacement relations for ship bow collisions against rigid walls are derived. Based on these comprehensive numerical results, a new empirical relation is derived which is suited for design against bow collisions. This expression for maximum bow collision forces is compared with a previously published expression for ice-strengthened ships and with existing standards for assessment of bow crushing forces. It is shown that there is need for an update of these existing standards. For design of piers and pylons against local impact pressure loads, a pressure - area relation for bulbous bow impacts is derived.     

大型舰船总纵强度计算方法研究

由于现有国内水面舰船设计规范仅适用于船长160m以下的舰船,为了更好地研究大型舰船的总纵强度,本文对一船长约200m的目标舰按照<中国船级社钢质海船入级与建造规范>(CCS)与基于<舰船通用规范>(GJB)基础上的建议标准以及全船有限元直接计算这三种方法作了计算与比较,得出了一些有益的结论,对大型舰船的总纵强度研究与规范的制定提供了较好的参考.     

船舶气囊下水安全性评估方法研究

气囊下水是船舶下水的一种创新方式,但是气囊下水过程中船体强度和气囊的安全性还没有定量的计算方法.近年采用气囊下水的船舶重量不断增大,下水安全性问题日益突出.本文考虑气囊刚度的非线性、下水过程中船体的力平衡条件等,提出了一种基于全船结构有限元分析的船体结构和气囊安全性评估方法.研究的内容和结果是紧密结合工程实际的.(1)考虑气囊压缩变形的非线性,研究了一种预报气囊刚度的有效方法;(2)基于弹性下水理论,研究了一种考虑弹性基座刚度非线性变化的船体梁运动和受力的计算方法;(3)提出了直接采用全船结构有限元分析计算船体结构应力和气囊受力的方法;(4)对某型实船进行了气囊下水的安全性分析,并与文献的结果进行比较,验证了气囊下水工艺的优越性和本文建议方法的准确性.     

舰艇闭环消磁技术国内外研究现状

本文通过对国内外在闭环消磁技术研究方面的分析,指出美国已在低磁钢舰艇、钢壳水面舰和核潜艇上成功应用了闭环消磁系统;英国则在核潜艇上进行了应用;澳大利亚即将在潜艇上安装;法国和意大利在低磁钢舰艇上进行了成功应用。我国闭环消磁的研究才刚刚起步,一些关键技术急待解决,因此应加大资金投入和研发力度,攻克闭环消磁关键技术,从而显...     

破损船体极限强度非线性有限元分析

本文基于通用有限元系统,结合船体破损机理和初始缺陷处理方法,建立船体极限强度非线性有限元分析的完整框架.利用对水面舰船和双壳油船极限强度模型试验的比较验证,合理解决非线性有限元分析的关键技术,并对完整和破损船体极限强度进行非线性有限元法分析.然后,在模型试验和非线性有限元分析的基础上提出面向设计的适合破损船体和双向弯曲状态的船体极限强度分析的改进解析方法.     

水面舰船总强度标准应用研究

由于现有国内水面舰船设计规范仅适用于船长160m以下的舰船,有必要提出适用于船长160m以上的水面舰船结构设计标准,本文着重讨论了水面舰船总强度标准,综合分析和比较了现行规范对总强度的相关规定,并在整船三维有限元强度分析的基础上提出了当船长超过160m并接近200m时船体的总强度标准的建议,最后给出了设计目标船的结构设计校核应用实例.     

船型生成

介绍了中国船舶科学研究中心开发的一个船型生成模块及其特点和应用情况。该模块是针对大型集装箱和大方形系数低速船而建立的，但对一般的船型也适用。它利用强大的数据库，不但能生成性能良好的光顺线型，并能对该船型的快速性能作了评估。     

浅析排水式高速艇的阻力性能

排水式高速艇的阻力构成和变化规律与排水式船舶、滑行艇不同。文章基于模型试验和试验图谱分析了排水式高速艇的阻力特征,并研究了排水体积长度系数、棱形系数、方形系数等船型特征对该型船阻力性能的影响,从而为该类船舶的快速性设计提供一定的参考。     

多用途船集装箱装载工况直接计算分析

多用途船的货舱内装载集装箱的固定形式与普通集装箱船不同,船级社及船舶的设计、建造方对此类船舶结构强度的安全性和可靠性投入更多的关注。为此,参照中国船级社钢质海船入级规范的要求,研究提出了舱内载荷的模拟方法,以某多用途船舱段结构强度有限元计算分析为例,分析研究集装箱横向运动和垂向运动惯性力对船体结构强度的影响。为多用途船装载集装箱工况的结构设计提供准确的分析方法。     

关于提升西江渔业船舶安全管理的思考

文中从西江渔业船舶水上交通安全现状出发,深入分析西江渔业船舶事故多发的原因,从加强安全宣传,提高渔业船舶安全性能,畅通与商船沟通联系渠道,加强商船瞭望值班,提高灾害性天气的预防预控能力,调整西江渔业船舶安全监管职能,健全渔业船舶安全管理的法律法规等方面提出安全管理对策,望有助于规范西江航运干线渔业船舶水上交通行为,降低西江渔业船舶事故发生率。     

船体腐蚀对船舶强度的影响

基于营运船的船体腐蚀状况,运用船体剖面模数概念,分析了船体腐蚀对船舶强度的影响,提出了一些保证船舶强度的措施,为船舶的保养工作提供参考,以减少船舶安全事故的发生.     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

Vibration analysis of super-yachts: Validation of the Holden Method and estimation of the structural damping

The hull excitation generated by marine propellers constitutes one of the most significant vibration sources affecting comfort on passenger ships. Consequently, the evaluation of the propeller-generated excitation through reliable numerical tools during the preliminary stage of ship design is fundamental. The Holden Method (HM) is an empirical tool utilized to calculate the propeller-induced pressure distribution on a ship hull. The present paper validates the HM, which is applied to a twin-screw, 54-m super-yacht. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to benchmark the HM numerical predictions against a set of full-scale vibration measures. The outcomes show that the magnitude of the propeller-induced dynamic excitation predicted by the HM is overestimated. Thereafter, the calibrated propeller-induced forces and the diesel engine excitation are applied to the FE model to perform a series of forced vibration analyses and estimate the global structural damping coefficient of the super-yacht. The study highlights the necessity of developing new empirical methodologies, analogous to the HM, to be applied to modern small luxury vessels.     

A numerical investigation of the squat and resistance of ships advancing through a canal using CFD

As a ship approaches shallow water, a number of changes arise owing to the hydrodynamic interaction between the bottom of the ship’s hull and the seafloor. The flow velocity between the bottom of the hull and the seafloor increases, which leads to an increase in sinkage, trim and resistance. As the ship travels forward, squat of the ship may occur, stemming from this increase in sinkage and trim. Knowledge of a ship’s squat is necessary when navigating vessels through shallow water regions, such as rivers, channels and harbours. Accurate prediction of a ship’s squat is therefore essential, to minimize the risk of grounding for ships. Similarly, predicting a ship’s resistance in shallow water is equally important, to be able to calculate its power requirements. The key objective of this study was to perform fully nonlinear unsteady RANS simulations to predict the squat and resistance of a model-scale Duisburg Test Case container ship advancing in a canal. The analyses were carried out in different ship drafts at various speeds, utilizing a commercial CFD software package. The squat results obtained by CFD were then compared with available experimental data.     

赤水河机动驳新船型浅水快速性能试验研究

针对两艘机动驳船,其一为赤水河现有优秀船,隧道尾型称为对比船,其二为武汉理工大学开发研制的双尾新船型,称为设计船,进行了不同水深、不同装载工况的浅水阻力性能、推进性能试验研究.探讨了不同船型、水深变化和装载工况变化对船舶浅水快速性能影响,给出了一些有益的结论.     

大型舰船坐坞强度衡准与计算方法

墩木的合理布置对保证大型水面舰船在船坞建造和进出坞过程中的安全至关重要,而国内现有舰船规范不适用于船长大于160m的舰船的坐坞强度校核。为此首先分析了现有的坐坞强度计算规范和校核衡准,然后提出了新的适用于大型水面舰船的坐坞强度衡准与基于船体梁有限元模型的计算方法,最后对一船长接近200m的舰船在坐坞状态下的船体结构强度与墩木强度进行了分析,结果表明提出的强度衡准与计算方法是合理的。     

A non-geometrically similar model for predicting the wake field of full-scale ships

The scale effect leads to large discrepancies between the wake fields of model-scale and actual ships, and causes differences in cavitation performance and exciting forces tests in predicting the performance of actual ships. Therefore, when test data from ship models are directly applied to predict the performance of actual ships, test results must be subjected to empirical corrections. This study proposes a method for the reverse design of the hull model. Compared to a geometrically similar hull model, the wake field generated by the modified model is closer to that of an actual ship. A non- geometrically similar model of a Korean Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering (KRISO)’s container ship (KCS) was designed. Numerical simulations were performed using this model, and its results were compared with full-scale calculation results. The deformation method of getting the wake field of full-scale ships by the non-geometrically similar model is applied to the KCS successfully.     

用于船舶伴流场预报的一种非几何相似的模型（英文）

The scale effect leads to large discrepancies between the wake fields of model-scale and actual ships, and causes differences in cavitation performance and exciting forces tests in predicting the performance of actual ships. Therefore, when test data from ship models are directly applied to predict the performance of actual ships, test results must be subjected to empirical corrections. This study proposes a method for the reverse design of the hull model. Compared to a geometrically similar hull model, the wake field generated by the modified model is closer to that of an actual ship. A non- geometrically similar model of a Korean Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering(KRISO)'s container ship(KCS) was designed. Numerical simulations were performed using this model, and its results were compared with full-scale calculation results. The deformation method of getting the wake field of full-scale ships by the non-geometrically similar model is applied to the KCS successfully.     

船舶无人化后对船舶设计的影响因素分析

从船舶无人化后的特点出发，对现有船舶设计需遵守的国际公约进行分析，指出无人船设计应继续遵守或无需遵守的公约条例。从船舶设计角度着手遵照船舶设计螺旋线，系统分析无人船设计过程中应该考虑的各种因素，并对影响较显著的船舶空船重量、船体设计形式、船舶主机选型、总布置设计与船舶建造成本等进行了详细的论述，为以后无人船设计及新船型开发打下基础。