船舶抗碰撞性能研究

船舶在海上航行时,存在与其他船舶发生主动或被动碰撞的风险。为准确评估船舶的耐撞性能,以某船为例,考虑多种计算工况,对目标船的耐撞性能进行动态响应计算,获得机舱及艏部区域的结构损伤、应力、能量吸收等动态结构响应,并计算获得被撞船达到临界状态时的极限撞击速度。研究成果可为船舶的防撞结构设计提供参考。     

单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

船舶舷侧结构耐撞性分析

为研究船舶舷侧结构的碰撞损伤过程,采用非线性动态响应分析方法,使用ANASYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对船艏和船舷垂直碰撞过程进行数值仿真,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和结构损伤变形的时序结果。为了分析船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能,本文对比了常见油船、新型Y型和X型舷侧结构的仿真过程,结果表明新型舷侧结构在整体的耐撞性能上优于传统的舷侧结构,承载构件的不同也会对结构的耐撞性产生很大的差异。     

三体船与刚性体碰撞性能及结构优化研究

以经典小型高速三体船为研究对象,对碰撞非线性有限元分析方法及理论进行研究。借助动态非线性有限元软件MSC.Dytran,模拟三体船整船结构模型,通过三体船主体与刚性墙之间正面碰撞,研究其在结构损伤变形、位移、速度、碰撞力和船体结构能量吸收等方面上的性能,并对三体船结构提出优化方案。通过仿真计算和比较,得出在碰撞过程中的碰撞力、速度、撞深以及能量吸收等耐撞性指标,为三体船结构优化和船舶正常航行提供参考依据。     

基于流固耦合法的巡逻船首部结构耐撞性能研究

目前船舶碰撞研究普遍采用忽略水对船体影响的附连水质量法,本文将水介质对船舶的影响考虑进去,建立船—水—船相互作用的流固耦合算法。并以600吨级巡逻船为研究对象,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型以及适当大小的水域,解决了撞击船—流场—被撞船之间的耦合问题。在数值仿真计算过程中,将内部动力学及外部动力学同步分析,获得了不同工况下被撞船的运动状态以及损伤变形、碰撞速度和碰撞力等动态结构响应。所获结果可为巡逻船在不可避免地发生碰撞时提供操船建议,对于提高巡逻船的战斗力具有重要的意义。     

基于正交设计与 BP -GA 算法的船体结构耐撞性能优化设计

船体结构耐撞性优化设计的主要目的是在船舶碰撞研究的基础上对结构进行优化设计,提高船体结构的耐撞性能。基于正交试验设计、BP神经网络和遗传算法,形成了船体结构耐撞性能优化设计方法。提出了一种耐撞性综合指标,并以此指标作为优化的目标函数,以结构质量为约束条件,利用MSC/Dytran有限元软件对船舶碰撞进行数值仿真,完成对某船舷侧结构进行耐撞性优化设计,结果表明优化过后结构耐撞性能有较大提高,这为结构耐撞性能优化设计提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

基于流固耦合法的巡逻船首部结构耐撞性能研究

目前船舶碰撞研究普遍采用忽略水对船体影响的附连水质量法,本文将水介质对船舶的影响考虑进去,建立船—水—船相互作用的流固耦合算法。并以600吨级巡逻船为研究对象,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型以及适当大小的水域,解决了撞击船—流场—被撞船之间的耦合问题。在数值仿真计算过程中,将内部动力学及外部动力学同步分析,获得了不同工况下被撞船的运动状态以及损伤变形、碰撞速度和碰撞力等动态结构响应。所获结果可为巡逻船在不可避免地发生碰撞时提供操船建议,对于提高巡逻船的战斗力具有重要的意义。     

自升式平台直管结构碰撞模型试验与仿真分析

随着海洋油气开发的日益深入,海洋平台作为主要的作业基地发挥着重要作用。然而平台在进行钻井与采油作业时,与供给船、守卫船等发生碰撞的风险较大,不仅危及自身整体安全性,亦会造成巨大的经济损失。开展自升式平台碰撞性能研究,揭示碰撞过程中的损伤变形机理,对更好地开展自升式平台耐撞结构设计具有重要意义。本文以自升式平台桩腿直管为研究对象,开展平台管结构的落锤冲击模型试验,探究不同冲击速度下直管结构的动态响应特征。同时,结合有限元仿真技术对落锤冲击过程进行数值模拟,得到碰撞力、塑性变形、跨中挠度等参数,并与试验数据对比分析,从而验证数值仿真模型化技术的准确性。研究结果表明,管结构模型试验记录的数据与数值模拟的结果吻合较好,均真实反应了管结构在受到侧向冲击载荷时的动态响应,验证了模型试验技术的准确性。同时就不同冲击速度下管结构的变形与受力规律可知平台桩腿管结构的耐撞性能。本文研究成果可以为大型平台结构碰撞性能提供试验技术支撑。     

双壳船内壳和外壳结构耐撞性能的分析和比较

依据船舶加筋板结构缩尺模型的耐撞性试验数据,结合理论计算方法,详细讨论双壳船舷侧内壳和外壳结构的碰撞损伤特性,对其进行分析和比较。研究表明:双壳船舷侧内壳和外壳结构在耐碰撞能力方面的差异虽不是很大,但在渐进破坏过程及破坏模式方面却存在明显的区别。这些结论对于提升双壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性能具有一定的指导意义。     

LPG船的一种新型舷侧耐撞结构研究

该文基于圆管碰撞能量吸收原理，提出了一种新型LPG船舷侧耐撞结构，经与常规LPG船舷侧结构的比较表明，此新型舷侧结构具有良好的耐撞性能。     

An analytical method for predicting the ship side structure response in raked bow collisions

As an increasing number of ships continue to sail in heavy traffic lanes, the possibility of collision between ships has become progressively higher. Therefore, it is of great importance to rapidly and accurately analyse the response and consequences of a ship's side structure subjected to large impact loads, such as collisions from supply vessels or merchant vessels. As the raked bow is a common design that has a high possibility of impacting a ship side structure, this study proposes an analytical method based on plastic mechanism equations for the rapid prediction of the response of a ship's side structure subjected to raked bow collisions. The new method includes deformation mechanisms of the side shell plating and the stiffeners attached. The deformation mechanisms of deck plating, longitudinal girders and transverse frames are also analysed. The resistance and energy dissipation of the side structure are obtained from individual components and then integrated to assess the complete crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The analytical prediction method is verified by numerical simulation. Three typical collision scenarios are defined in the numerical simulation using the code LS_DYNA, and the results obtained by the proposed analytical method and those of the numerical simulation are compared. The results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can improve ship crashworthiness during the design phase.     

碰撞载荷作用下加筋板架动响应分析研究

研究碰撞载荷作用下加筋板架的动态响应对于深入理解船舶碰撞力学机理和开展船舶耐撞性结构设计具有重要的指导意义。基于最近国外加筋板架碰撞模型系列试验结果，应用数值仿真的方法对其中5种典型加筋板架进行计算分析，得到不同加强筋情形下板架的动态响应特征，并从损伤变形模态及变形大小、应变三个方面与模型试验结果进行对比分析，结果表明两者具有很好的一致性，同时证明了本文碰撞数值仿真方法的有效性。     

基于解析法的船-平台碰撞耗散能快速估算方法

海洋平台在作业过程中存在遭受船舶碰撞的潜在危险,一旦事故发生将可能导致结构产生严重损伤从而影响平台的作业安全,因此在平台结构设计阶段考虑其抗撞性能具有重要意义.本文以供应船撞击半潜平台为研究对象,基于碰撞外部动力学分析理论,在浮式平台规范法耗散能计算基础上,运用解析法推导出考虑平台艏摇运动响应的船舶非对心撞击平台耗散能求解方程,同时借鉴船-船碰撞耗散能估算方法,得到一般碰撞场景即考虑船-平台在碰撞过程中相对运动的耗散能解析式,并自编计算耗散能程序,实现船-平台碰撞碰撞耗散能的快速估算.最后通过非线性有限元分析(NLFEA)方法,计算出供应船与平台在碰撞过程产生的应变能并与解析法的算例结果进行对比,结果表明:规范法耗散能估算方法较为保守,不适用于一般碰撞场景下的耗散能估算;本文所提出的耗散能解析法可用于准确可靠地估算相类似船-平台碰撞场景下撞击船的耗散能.     

船舶与桥墩碰撞的数值模拟

利用有限元软件,模拟4种不同载重吨位的船舶以不同的速度与某桥墩发生碰撞的过程,演示有限元法仿真计算船桥碰撞问题的一般过程,着重分析船舶和桥墩的损伤程度.在此基础上,归纳出撞深速度、撞击时间-速度和桥墩的应力分布.     

一种新的碰撞耗散能快速估算方法及其在船—平台碰撞事故中的应用研究

海洋平台在作业过程中存在遭受船舶碰撞的潜在危险,一旦事故发生将可能导致结构严重损伤从而影响平台的作业安全,因此在平台结构设计阶段需要考虑其抗撞性能.文章以海洋供应船撞击半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,基于碰撞外部动力学理论和DNV规范计算方法,计及平台艏摇运动响应的影响,提出了一种新的耗散能估算方法-DNV`R解析法.以非线性有限元船-平台碰撞数值仿真结果为参考,将该解析法与规范法、Zhang解析法及Liu解析法计算结果进行对比,研究得出:文中所提出的DNV`R解析法弥补了规范法较为保守且仅适用于对心碰撞场景的不足,计算过程简单、便捷,且计算精度与Zhang解析法和Liu解析法基本接近,能够满足船-平台碰撞耗散能快速估算的精度要求.     

The influence of fluid structure interaction modelling on the dynamic response of ships subject to collision and grounding

Analysis of the dynamic response of ships in accident scenarios requires a realistic idealisation of environmental and operational conditions by multi-physics models. This paper presents a procedure that simulates the influence of strongly coupled FSI effects on the dynamic response of ships involved in typical collision and grounding events. Our method couples an explicit 6-DoF structural dynamic finite element scheme with a hydrodynamic method accounting for (a) 6-DoF potential flow hydrodynamic actions; (b) the influence of evasive ship speed in the way of contact and (c) the effects of hydrodynamic resistance based on a RANS CFD model. Multi-physics simulations for typical accident scenarios involving passenger ships confirm that suitable FSI modelling may be critical for either collision or grounding events primarily because of the influence of hydrodynamic restoring forces.     

船舶与冰排碰撞结构响应研究

冰排的层厚、流速以及特性在很大程度上影响船舶与冰排碰撞的结构响应。本文分别建立船舶和冰排的有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA进行碰撞接触计算,模拟船艏与冰排发生碰撞。主要考虑相同条件下分别改变冰排厚度、运动状态以及物理性质等单个碰撞参数,对比研究不同碰撞工况下船舶的损伤变形、碰撞力等结构响应差异。得出上述因素对船—冰碰撞的影响规律,为提高船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

Performance characterisation for risk assessment of striking ship impacts based on struck ship damaged volume

Ship collision accidents are rare events but pose huge threat to human lives, assets, and the environment. Many researchers have sought for effective models that compute ship stochastic response during collisions by considering the variability of ship collision scenario parameters. However, the existing models were limited by the capability of the collision computational models and did not completely capture collision scenario, and material and geometric uncertainties. In this paper, a novel framework to performance characterisation of ships in collision involving a variety of striking ships is developed, by characterising the structural consequences with efficient response models. A double-hull oil carrier is chosen as the struck ship to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. Response surface techniques are employed to generate the most probable input design sets which are used to sample an automated finite element tool to compute the chosen structural consequences. The resulting predictor-response relationships are fitted with suitable surrogate models to probabilistically characterise the struck ship damage under collisions. As demonstrated in this paper, such models are extremely useful to reduce the computational complexity in obtaining probabilistic design measures for ship structures. The proposed probabilistic approach is also combined with available collision frequency models from literature to demonstrate the risk tolerance computations.     

基于舰船受损体积的舰船撞击风险评估的性能特征（英文）

Ship collision accidents are rare events but pose huge threat to human lives, assets, and the environment. Many researchers have sought for effective models that compute ship stochastic response during collisions by considering the variability of ship collision scenario parameters. However, the existing models were limited by the capability of the collision computational models and did not completely capture collision scenario, and material and geometric uncertainties. In this paper, a novel framework to performance characterisation of ships in collision involving a variety of striking ships is developed, by characterising the structural consequences with efficient response models. A double-hull oil carrier is chosen as the struck ship to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. Response surface techniques are employed to generate the most probable input design sets which are used to sample an automated finite element tool to compute the chosen structural consequences. The resulting predictor-response relationships are fitted with suitable surrogate models to probabilistically characterise the struck ship damage under collisions. As demonstrated in this paper, such models are extremely useful to reduce the computational complexity in obtaining probabilistic design measures for ship structures. The proposed probabilistic approach is also combined with available collision frequency models from literature to demonstrate the risk tolerance computations.