Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

黄芪预处理对家兔心肌缺血再灌注后心肌线粒体结构及功能的影响

目的 观察黄芪预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注时心肌线粒体功能及结构的影响.方法 将家兔32只随机分为假手术组(A组)、心肌缺血再灌注组(B组)、黄芪预处理组(C组)和5-羟葵酸加黄芪预处理组(D组),每组8只动物.观察线粒体Ca2 浓度、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及线粒体超微结构的改变.结果 黄芪预处理组SOD活性明显高于心肌缺血再灌注组(P<0.05),而Ca2 浓度、MDA含量则低于心肌缺血再灌注组(P<0.05,P<0.01).5-羟葵酸加黄芪预处理组与心肌缺血再灌注组各指标比较,差异无统计学意义.黄芪预处理组同心肌缺血再灌注组和5-羟葵酸加黄芪预处理组相比较,线粒体超微结构损伤明显减轻.结论 黄芪可降低线粒体氧自由基水平、减轻线粒体钙超载,从而改善缺血再灌注心肌的线粒体结构及功能,发挥心肌保护作用,且其很可能通过线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道发挥作用.     

温里健脾外敷药袋对家兔血液流变学的影响

将３０只健康家兔随机分为３组：模型组，以高脂饲料喂养；用药组，以相似高脂饲料喂养，同时神阙穴敷以温里健脾药袋；正常组，以常规饲料喂养。３０ｄ后，用旋转筒式粘度计，体外血栓形成仪及酶法测定以上实验动物血液的高切变率（２００ｓ－１）粘度，低切变率（４０ｓ－１）粘度，体外血栓及血清血脂等血液流变学指标。结果表明，温里健脾药袋能降低血液粘度（Ｐ＜０．０５）；减低体外血栓指数（Ｐ＜０．０１）；降低血清总胆固醇量（Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示温里健脾药袋具有活血化瘀功能。     

The effect of prostaglandin E1 on recovery of early renal graft functions after transplantation

Objective To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E: (PGE1) on recovery of early renal graft functions after transplantation. Methods One hundred and seven patients after renal transplantation were allocated in the treated group, and treated by conventional treatment with injection of 10 μg prostaglandin E1 additionally twice a day for 14 days. And eighty-eight patients who received conventional treatment alone after renal transplantation at the corresponding period were allocated in the control group. Indexes of the two groups, including incidence of delayed graft function and acute rejection reaction, volume of urine, serum certaintie (SCr), endogenous certainties clearance rate (CCr), the blood flow resistance in graft as well as blood viscosity (BV), and platelet aggregation rate (PAR), were determined. Results The urinary volume and endogenous certainties clearance rate of the treated group were significantly higher, but the level of SCr, incidence of renal function recovery retardation, BV, PAR and blood flow resistance in graft were significantly lower than these of the control group (P<0.05). The difference of incidence of acute rejection reaction between the two groups was insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion Prostaglandin E1 can improve blood microcirculation and decrease the incidence of renal function recovery retardation. These effects are helpful for recovery of renal function after renal transplantation.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症对机体液递物质的影响及疗效

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化门脉高压症对机体液递物质的影响及其临床疗效评价。方法肝硬化门脉高压症患者40例,分为TIPS组和内科组,每组20例。另选健康成人20例,作为正常对照组。应用放免法及生化分析法测定各组各时段血清一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及血浆丙二醛(MDA)的水平,观察临床表现及肝功能的变化。结果TIPS术后所有患者出血停止,一般状况改善明显,TIPS术后1 d血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)较术前升高,且差异有显著性(P<0.01),术后7 d有所降低,与术前相比无显著性差异。两治疗组40例患者血清NOI、L-6及血浆MDA水平治疗前后均高于健康正常人(P<0.01)。TIPS组术后NO水平与内科组治疗一周后相比明显升高(P<0.01)。TIPS组术后NO水平较术前明显升高(P<0.01)。结论TIPS治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症近期疗效显著,术后肝功能无明显损害;术后血清NO水平升高,其机制可能与TIPS引起门脉及全身血流动力学变化有关;MDA无明显变化,表明肝脏总的血流灌注减少不明显。     

雷公藤甲素对小鼠移植皮片存活期MLR及IL-2水平的影响

利用我们已建立的动物模型观察雷公藤甲素对实验鼠移植皮片存活期、ＭＬＲ及ＩＬ－２水平的影响。结果表明,雷公藤甲素联合ＤＳＴ组皮片存活延长,ＭＬＲ和ＩＬ－２水平明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）;当其同时联合ＤＳＴ和ＡＴＳ,皮片存活期明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＭＬＲ和ＩＬ－２进一步下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示雷公藤甲素在临床器官移植中可能具有一定应用价值。     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

食管鳞癌中PTEN和Caspase-3的表达及临床意义

目的探讨PTEN和Caspase-3在食管鳞癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测64例食管鳞癌组织、16例食管癌旁组织和16例不典型增生上皮中的PTEN和Caspase-3表达水平;采用定期发信与门诊面检相结合的方法对64例食管鳞癌单纯手术患者连续跟踪随访5年以上。结果食管癌旁组、不典型增生组及食管鳞癌组中PTEN的阳性表达率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);PTEN表达与浸润深度呈负相关(r=-0.304,P<0.05),与分化程度呈正相关(r=0.539,P<0.01);PTEN阳性表达组5年生存率明显高于失表达组(P<0.01)。食管癌旁组、不典型增生组及食管鳞癌组中Caspase-3的阳性表达率先降低后明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Caspase-3表达与浸润深度呈负相关(r=-0.277,P<0.05)、与分化程度呈正相关(r=0.486,P<0.01);Caspase-3阳性表达组5年生存率明显高于失表达组(P<0.01)。在食管鳞癌中,PTEN与Caspase-3表达呈正相关(r=0.456,P<0.01)。结论PTEN和Caspase-3在食管鳞癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,联合检测PTEN和Caspase-3蛋白表达对食管鳞癌的早期诊断及判断预后有重要的参考价值。     

ELECTRODIAGNOSIS OF LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY

ＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＯＦＬＵＭＢＯＳＡＣＲＡＬＲＡＤＩＣＵＬＯＰＡＴＨＹＺｈａｎｇＱｉａｏｊｕｎ；ＬｉｕＪｉａｎ；ＺｈａｏＹｉｎｇｘｉａｎ；ＸｉａｎｇＬｉ;（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｅｕｒｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｅｃｏｎｄＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄＨｏ?..     

缩血管受体在下肢曲张静脉中的作用及意义

目的探讨内皮素受体和5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体在下肢慢性静脉功能不全中的作用。方法取下肢静脉功能不全患者的曲张静脉为病变组,以正常静脉做对照,制成血管环,用血管张力描记法记录血管收缩。结果在内皮完整时,曲张静脉对5-HT引起的最大收缩(Emax)明显低于对照静脉[(72.8±42.5)%vs.(226.8±98.1)%,n=10,P<0.01];内皮素受体-B激动剂S6c对曲张静脉收缩的Emax明显低于对照静脉[(9.61±1.32)%vs.(30.14±12.89)%,n=12,P<0.01];曲张静脉对内皮素-1(ET-1)收缩的Emax亦明显低于对照静脉[(19.24±12.94)%vs.(132.30±43.42)%n=10,P<0.01],差异均具有统计学意义。静脉去内皮后,曲张静脉对5-HT、S6c和ET-1引起收缩的Emax也明显低于对照静脉(P<0.01)。结论静脉组织中5-HT受体、内皮素-A受体和内皮素-B受体可能参与下肢慢性静脉功能不全病变的发生和发展。     

慈菇消脂丸对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的防治作用

目的 观察中药慈菇消脂丸对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的防治作用.方法 建立非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、慈菇消脂丸高剂量组、慈菇消脂丸低剂量组、东宝肝泰阳性药物对照组,观察肝组织病理形态学的变化,检测肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量.免疫组化技术检测环氧合酶-2(COX-2)及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在肝脏的表达.结果 模型组大鼠肝组织出现脂肪变性及不同程度的炎性细胞浸润,镜下可见肝细胞内大量脂滴.与正常组相比较,模型组大鼠肝组织内SOD活性显著降低,MDA、NO含量显著提高,COX-2、iNOS蛋白表达显著提高,差异具有统计学意义;与模型组相比较,中药治疗组大鼠肝组织内SOD活性显著提高,MDA、 NO含量显著降低,COX-2、 iNOS蛋白表达显著降低,差异具有统计学意义;中药慈菇消脂丸高剂量组作用亦较阳性药物对照组显著.结论 慈菇消脂丸对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎具有明显的防治作用,其作用机制与改善肝组织脂肪变性程度、抑制脂质过氧化、抗炎有关.     

急救止血敷片的止血作用

目的 观察急救止血敷片的止血作用.方法 用试管法观察体外凝血时间,用大鼠和犬股动脉出血模型、兔肝溢血模型研究止血作用.结果 试管法体外凝血试验结果显示,急救止血敷片大、中、小3个浓度的凝血时间(4.9±1.3)min、(5.7±1.8)min和(5.8±1.3)min均明显短于对照组[(14.4±1.6)min].大鼠、犬股动脉出血模型试验结果显示,急救止血敷片3个剂量组能显著减少大鼠股动脉破裂的出血量和出血时间,与PVF海绵贴片组比较有明显差异(P<0.01或P<0.05).兔肝溢血模型试验结果显示,急救止血敷片3个剂量组能显著缩短家兔肝破裂的出血时间,减少出血量,与无菌纱布组出血时间比较均有显著差异(P<0.01).结论 急救止血敷片能明显缩短凝血时间、出血时间,减少出血量.     

超声观测高同型半胱氨酸血症兔内皮功能损伤与血管细胞粘附分子的关系

目的研究高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)兔血浆细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)及一氧化氮(NO)的变化与内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)的关系,探讨内皮功能损伤的机理。方法将22只新西兰兔随机分为两组,每组11只,分别喂食正常饲料(正常对照组)、L-蛋氨酸[0.8g/(kg.d)]饲料(蛋氨酸组),分别于0、20、40、60、80d取血检测NO和VCAM-1的浓度,同时应用高分辨力超声检测其髂外动脉EDD的改变。结果①与正常对照组相比,蛋氨酸组兔髂外动脉的EDD显著降低,且呈明显的时间依赖性[80d,(-1.74±3.58)%vs.0d,(13.43±4.13)%,P<0.01];②与正常对照组相比,蛋氨酸组兔血浆中NO明显降低[80d,(217.43±27.38)μmol/L vs.0d,(379.75±56.83)μmol/L,P<0.05],血浆VCAM-1却明显升高[80d,(0.091 2±0.009 7)ng/mLvs.0d,(0.047 2±0.004 7)ng/mL,P<0.01],亦呈现明显的时间依赖性。结论高分辨力超声检测到的内皮依赖性舒张功能降低与血浆粘附分子明显相关,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)导致内皮功能损伤是一个多途径的综合损伤。     

Relationship between peritoneal macrophages and inflammatory reaction in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis

Objective To investigate the relationship between peritoneal macrophages (PMAs) and inflammatory reaction in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and SAP group. To induce SAP in rats, 40 g/L sodium taurocholate (0.1 mL/100 g) was injected into the pancreatic duct through retrograde exposure of pancreatic bile duct in hepatic porta. One-third of rats were sacrificed at 3, 6 or 12 h after modeling. PMAs were extracted, and incubated for 24 h in a humidified 5% carbon dioxide incubator. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in PMAs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture medium and serum were evaluated.The histological changes of pancreas were examined. Rosults The expressions of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in PMAs were significantly higher in SAP group than in control group at each time point (P<0.01). The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture medium and serum were significantly elevated in SAP group compared with control group (P<0.01). The histological analysis of pancreas indicated that the damage was more severe in SAP group than in cuntrol group (P<0.01). Conclusion PMAs secrete cytokines into pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid, and this study demonstrates a correlation between SAP and the activation of PMAs.     

替加色罗对结肠炎大鼠内脏敏感性的影响及其与结肠内P物质和降钙素基因相关肽表达的关系

目的评价替加色罗对结肠炎大鼠内脏敏感性的影响,并探讨其调节内脏敏感性的作用途径。方法成年雄性SD大鼠42只,经三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)灌肠诱导结肠炎后随机分为4个实验组和4个对照组:其中3个结-直肠扩张(CRD)实验组(n=6)及3个CRD对照组(n=4)分别给大鼠替加色罗和生理盐水灌胃,在灌胃3、7、14 d后记录腹壁肌电活动;1个免疫组化(IH)实验组(n=6)及其对照组(n=6)分别在替加色罗和生理盐水灌胃7d后,采用免疫组织化学法观察大鼠结肠内P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的表达。结果替加色罗灌胃3 d后,在1.2、1.6mL扩张容量下,大鼠腹肌收缩次数(6.00±1.10,3.17±0.98)较对照组明显减少(9.50±2.52,13.0±2.31,P<0.05)。替加色罗连续灌胃7 d和14 d后,在0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6 mL扩张容量下,大鼠腹肌收缩次数均明显少于对照组(P<0.01)。替加色罗灌胃7 d后,结肠内SP染色评分下降,而CGRP染色强度与对照组比较无明显变化。结论替加色罗可以明显降低结肠炎大鼠对结肠球囊扩张刺激的敏感性,其降低内脏敏感性的作用可能与其抑制胃肠道内脏感觉传入神经表达SP有关。     

应力环境与重组人生长激素对骨质疏松下颌骨最大载荷的影响

目的观察不同应力环境对骨质疏松下颌骨最大载荷的影响及补充生长激素对其变化的影响。方法通过去除SD大鼠双侧卵巢,拔除单侧上颌磨牙,建立骨质疏松下颌骨高、低应力环境的动物模型,用三点弯曲法检测下颌骨最大载荷的变化。结果去势后大鼠下颌骨最大载荷显著降低(P<0.01)。生长激素组双侧下颌骨最大载荷均显著高于骨质疏松组(P<0.01)。骨质疏松组下颌骨最大载荷低应力侧显著低于高应力侧(P<0.01),假手术组及生长激素组拔牙4周后双侧无明显差异,仅拔牙8周后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低应力环境加速骨吸收,促进下颌骨骨强度的下降。补充生长激素则可阻止低应力环境下骨质疏松大鼠颌骨骨强度的下降,抑制骨吸收。     

大剂量维生素C对急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的观察大剂量维生素C(500mg/kg)对油酸诱导的家兔急性肺损伤的预防和治疗效果。方法30只家兔分为4组:对照组(CG),油酸组(OG),预防组(PG)及治疗组(TG)。于油酸注入前(0)及后30、90、150min采各组动物颈总动脉血测PaO2、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、血浆丙二醛(MDA)。实验末右肺测湿质量,取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)后烤箱烘干得湿干质量比值,留少许左肺标本甲醛固定做切片。结果油酸注入30min后,PG组和TG组PaO2及SOD明显高于OG组(P<0.01);而MDA明显低于OG组(P<0.01)。实验末PG组和TG组BALF中总蛋白、肺湿干质量比较OG组低(P<0.05);肺组织病理切片显示损伤较轻。结论大剂量维生素C对油酸所致的家兔急性肺损伤,通过清除氧自由基而发挥保护作用。     

c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号通路在大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中的作用

目的探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路在大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中所发挥的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠108只,体重290-310 g,随机分成假手术组(SH组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和JNK抑制剂SP600125组(SP组),分别于缺血前30 min侧脑室注射10 mL/L二甲基亚砜(DMSO)1、0 mL/L DMSO及JNK抑制剂SP600125。每组再根据再灌注时间分为2、6、12、24、487、2 h 6个亚组,每亚组6只动物。采用4-VO法建立SD大鼠全脑缺血模型,在预定时间点行灌注、固定、取脑、石蜡包埋切片;免疫组化方法检测p-JNK的表达变化,光镜下计数海马CA1区存活细胞,TUNEL法检测CA1区凋亡细胞。结果脑缺血再灌注后海马CA1区p-JNK在IR组有明显表达,于再灌注2 h时即明显升高,6 h时略有降低,后逐渐上升,24 h到高峰,之后表达量减小。SP组p-JNK的表达则无明显增高,各时点与IR组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。海马CA1区神经元存活数目SP组明显高于IR组(P<0.01),凋亡指数显著低于IR组(P<0.01)。结论在大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中,JNK信号通路发挥了重要作用,抑制JNK通路的激活可对脑缺血再灌注损伤导致的细胞损伤起到保护作用。     

肺耐药相关蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌血管生成的相关性

目的 探讨肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及微血管密度(MVD)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的变化、相互关系及可能的机制.方法 应用免疫组化技术检测56例NSCLC癌组织和27例正常对照肺组织中LRP、VEGF表达及MVD情况.结果 ①LRP阳性表达分布于癌细胞胞浆内,表达率66.1%,显著高于对照肺组织(P<0.01),其显著性与病理类型无关;NSCLC组LRP的表达在不同性别、TNM分期、有无淋巴结转移及两年生存率的比较上均无明显统计学意义(P>0.05).②与对照组比较,NSCLC组VEGF表达明显升高(P<0.01),其显著性与病理类型无关.NSCLC组VEGF表达与TNM分期、有无淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05).③NSCLC组MVD明显高于对照组(P<0.01),其显著性不受病理类型、病理分级的影响.MVD在Ⅲ+Ⅳ期肺癌中为18.5±5.8,明显高于Ⅰ期的13.8±5.1(P<0.05),有淋巴结转移的高于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05),两年存活的MVD低于两年死亡的MVD(P<0.01).④NSCLC组VEGF、LRP高表达和MVD增高具有一致性(P<0.05).结论 非小细胞肺癌血管生成与肺耐药相关基因具有一定的相关性.LRP的高表达可能与VEGF上调其基因及VEGF促进肿瘤MVD增加有关.抑制肿瘤新生血管的生成有望降低甚或遏制对非小细胞肺癌化疗的耐药性.     

高氧液对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤pHi的影响

目的观察兔心肌缺血再灌注时胃黏膜pH值(pHi)的变化,探讨高氧液对心肌缺血再灌注兔pHi的影响。方法20只成年雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成对照组(n=10)及高氧液组(n=10)。高氧液组每天静脉给予10 mL/kg高氧液,20 min内匀速泵完,连续7 d,对照组用同样方法给予生理盐水,最后一次处理结束后,开胸结扎兔冠状动脉左室支30 min,再灌注后1 h、2 h分别记录心电图,左室内收缩压(LVSP)、左室收缩压上升最大速率( dp/dt max)、心率和pHi值。结果高氧液明显降低心电图S-T段的升高程度并改善血流动力学变化。pHi在缺血再灌注后显著降低,但高氧液组pHi降低幅度在再灌注后1 h、2 h明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在兔缺血再灌注前,静脉输入高氧液可以明显改善胃肠道微循环灌注和组织氧合。