一种新型船模水动力性能测试装置研究

目前,国内外的船模水动力性能测试装置均为平面运动机构,使得船舶水动力导数的测量范围有限,而一种新型船模水动力性能测试装置,即六自由度船模水动力性能测试装置可以扩大这一测量范围。从六自由度平台的工作原理,六分力天平量程的确定和测试装置总体设计3个方面来具体研究和设计六自由度船模水动力性能测试装置。首先具体介绍六自由度平台的工作原理,即平台6根运动杆的运动与船舶六自由度运动的对应关系;然后建立船舶六自由度运动所受力和力矩的初步计算公式,以国内外平面运动机构的具体技术性能指标为依据,确定试验装置中的六分力天平的量程;最后确定测验装置的整体设计,设计出现有船池拖车平台的具体形状与尺寸。以此为依据,综合考虑拖车平台的受力情况及拖车架和六自由度平台的安装方式,确定拖车架的具体结构形式与尺寸大小,得到三维示意图、二维安装图与尺寸图,进行结构强度分析。     

船舶多自由度水动力测试系统装置的研制

为了研究和验证新型帆板的水动力性能,根据帆板的运动特性和测试的特殊要求,研制船舶多自由度测量系统装置,该装置可同时测量水上运动物体的水动力性能、运动姿态以及物体载荷,试验结果为新型帆板的研制和水上训练提供依据。     

船模六自由度运动量的接触式测量

在系泊船模在波浪中的运动水工模型试验中,设计了一种试验测量仪器.该仪器可用于测量波浪作用下系泊船模的六自由度运动量.将6支拉绳式位移传感器固定在船模上方,每个传感器的拉绳均与下方的船模固定.船模晃动时会带动6根拉绳.根据6根拉绳长度变化和前一时刻船模的姿态,可以计算出船模运动的六自由度运动量.经波浪试验表明,该仪器可以很好地反应系泊船模的六自由度运动量,达到了预期的目的.     

停靠方式对船舶水动力性能影响的分析

针对船舶间水动力干扰问题,研究停靠方式对船舶水动力性能影响.首先,基于线性势流理论,创建WIGLEY型船与驳船船模水动力分析网格;然后,使用HydroSTAR软件进行水动力计算,比较两船并靠和丁字靠作业工况时的水动力性能,得出WIGLEY型船在不同浪向情况下6个自由度的运动规律.结果表明:在充分利用驳船遮蔽作用的情况下,丁字靠作业方式比并靠的作业方式更加平稳.     

基于重叠网格的船舶运动计算方法研究

文章应用重叠网格技术和单相Level-set捕捉自由面方法,结合数值造波技术和六自由度运动方程,形成了基于RANS方程的船舶运动响应数值计算方法,并在中国船舶科学研究中心自主研发的船舶专用粘流计算软件OShip上实现。应用该方法计算了DTMB5512船模在迎浪规则波中的运动响应,并通过对计算得到的船模运动时历曲线进行傅里叶变换,提取其运动的幅值和相位,得到了不同航速下船模垂荡和纵摇运动的频响曲线,所得结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

波浪中受侧壁影响的船舶航行水动力性能研究

在海洋平台附近,工作船的水动力性能会受结构物侧壁的影响而下降。基于Rankine源常值面元法,建立考虑岸壁和波浪作用的船舶水动力数值模型并在时域上求解。选取经典Wigley III船模计算各波长下的水动力和运动响应幅值,并将模拟结果与其他方法的计算结果对比,验证了数值研究方法的合理性和可靠性。通过参数的敏感性分析,揭示航速、波浪特征和侧壁对船模运动响应的影响,为船舶在复杂海域中的水动力响应实时预报服务。     

驱逐舰操纵性预报

本文用船体、螺旋桨、舵“组合型”数学模型,对一艘驱逐舰船模的操纵性进行了预报。船体的水动力导数和船体、螺旋桨、舵相互之间的流体动力干扰是用船模斜拖试验和旋臂试验确定的。预报采用进退、横漂、首摇和横摇四个自由度的方程,考虑了横摇对水平面运动的耦合影响。计算结果与自航船模试验结果进行了比较。符合情况良好。     

船模运动六分量的非接触式测试系统

采用目前工程领域应用广泛的非接触式测试技术,对船模六自由度运动量的测量进行了探索。利用类似DPIV(PIV)技术原理,通过追踪光源在屏幕的位移量来反映船模的运动量,消除了直接在船模自身加载仪器对其运动的约束影响。结合实际测试的数据结果进行了比较,证明了该系统的可信性。     

船舶拖航系统六自由度操纵运动仿真

研究拖航作业操纵运动对于提高拖航作业的安全性有重要意义,采用MMG分离式船舶运动数学模型,结合拖缆的悬链线张力计算模型,建立由拖轮、拖缆、被拖轮组成的拖航系统六自由度操纵运动模型,编制仿真程序,通过数值计算,对该系统操纵运动进行仿真模拟。以拖轮和导管架驳船的拖航运动为例,分析拖缆长度、拖航速度对拖航系统操纵运动及拖航航向稳定性的影响,模拟该系统在风、浪、流影响下的操纵运动,运动数据实时解算,为在视景模拟平台上进行作业预演,规避拖航作业风险提供理论指导。     

船舶拖航系统六自由度操纵运动仿真

研究拖航作业操纵运动对于提高拖航作业的安全性有重要意义,采用MMG分离式船舶运动数学模型,结合拖缆的悬链线张力计算模型,建立由拖轮、拖缆、被拖轮组成的拖航系统六自由度操纵运动模型,编制仿真程序,通过数值计算,对该系统操纵运动进行仿真模拟。以拖轮和导管架驳船的拖航运动为例,分析拖缆长度、拖航速度对拖航系统操纵运动及拖航航向稳定性的影响,模拟该系统在风、浪、流影响下的操纵运动,运动数据实时解算,为在视景模拟平台上进行作业预演,规避拖航作业风险提供理论指导。     

CFD simulation of 3-dimensional motion of a ship in waves: application to an advancing ship in regular heading waves

A new computational fluid dynamics simulation method has been developed for the unsteady motion of a ship advancing in waves. The objective is to evaluate the added resistance and predict the performance of a ship in waves. In this study, a finite volume method, in the framework of a boundary-fitted grid system, is employed. The motion of the ship is solved with six degrees of freedom by using the hydrodynamic forces and moments obtained from the solution of the simulation method. The marker–density–function method is employed to calculate the nonlinear free surface. This method is applied to the coupled motion problem of heaving and pitching. Received for publication on Nov. 15, 1999; accepted on Nov. 18, 1999     

Prediction of the maneuverability of a large container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders

The maneuvering characteristics of a large container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders were investigated using the horizontal planar motion mechanism (HPMM) test and computer simulation. A mathematical model for maneuvering motion with four degrees of freedom (DOF) for twin-propeller and twin-rudder systems was developed and included the effects of roll motion. To obtain the roll-coupling hydrodynamic coefficients of a container ship, a four-DOF HPMM system having a roll motion mechanism and a roll moment measurement system was used. At the full load condition, HPMM tests were carried out for two different 12 000-TEU container ship models, one with twin propellers and the other with a single propeller. Using the hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the tests, computer simulations were carried out. Simulation results for the container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders were compared with the results for the container ship with a single propeller and single rudder.     

Finite-volume simulation of flows about a ship in maneuvering motion

A finite-volume method of computing the viscous flow field about a ship in maneuvering motion was developed. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equation discretized in the generalized boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is solved numerically. A third-order upwind differencing scheme, a marker and cell (MAC)-type explicit time marching solution algorithm and a simplified subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model are adopted. The simulation method is formulated, including the movement of a computational grid fitted to the body boundary that allows computation of the flow field around a body under unsteady motion. To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the hull is important. Therefore, experimental methods of finding the hydrodynamic forces of a ship in maneuvering motion, such as the oblique towing test, the circular motion test (CMT) and planar motion mechanism (PMM) test, were established. Numerical simulation methods for those captive model experiments were developed introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, numerical methods for steady oblique tow and steady turn simulation were developed and then extended to unsteady forced motion. Simulations were conducted about several realistic hulls, and the results were verified by comparisons with measured results obtained in model experiments. Hydrodynamic forces and the moment, the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamic lateral force, and the pressure distribution on the hull surface showed good agreement.     

基于AQWA计算规则波中新型海工船的运动响应

本文应用三维势流理论的水动力软件AQWA分析一种新型工程船舶在波浪中的运动响应,新型船为改造的波兰中型集装箱船B-573,设计搭载Pram型艉和POD吊舱式推进系统的新型海工船.本文计算此船在规则波中不同浪向角条件下的六个自由度的频域和时域的运动响应,得到在不同浪向角下船体的响应振幅算子RAO,计算船舶顺浪下不同船速的垂荡RAO以及纵荡、垂荡和纵摇三个自由度的一阶、二阶波浪力,分析结果显示该新船型具有良好的耐波性.     

6级海况下波浪补偿装置平台的机构优化设计

为缩短波浪补偿装置平台的研发周期,以某型号风电安装船为研究对象,根据我国海洋部门提出的东海区域谱密度公式,运用Matlab软件分别模拟出6级海况下的波普密度曲线、波倾角变化曲线、该型号风力发电船的横摇、纵摇和升沉运动曲线.具体以风力发电船在6级海况下的横摇、纵摇和升沉运动范围约束平台机构的运动范围,采用遗传算法对平台机构进行优化,分别设定不同机构参数为目标函数进行局部优化,最终为平台结构的合理化设计提供数据支持.     

半潜式平台耦合动力响应分析

由于海洋这一特殊的环境,半潜式平台在海上会受到风、浪、流的联合作用,使得半潜式平台产生六自由度方向的运动,影响平台的作业,因此,进行平台运动响应预报及系泊线强度校核就显得尤为重要。本文选择在1000 m水深的情况下,分别在时域和频域条件下对半潜式平台运动响应进行数值模拟,预报在频域和时域条件下半潜式平台运动响应,并对比分析在时域条件下不同风、浪、流组合工况下平台升沉运动幅值,计算设计的平台系泊线拉力,并进行强度校核。     

Planar multibody dynamics of floating Y-method installation system and the lowering of subsea equipment based on finite element modeling

The subsea equipment installation is a complex operation that demands a precise and reliable approach to avoid the accidental losses of lives and equipment damage. The multibody installation system is overwhelmed with the dynamic behavior and responses of the system, which signifies the importance of analysis of the Multibody Dynamic System (MBDS). The modeling of MBDS is challenging and complicated due to the interconnectivity and nonlinearity assigned to them. In this paper, the planar dynamics of a floating multibody system are attained by employing two tugboats and a payload with a contextual offshore installation scenario to be applied in a water depth of over 1500 m. The lifting operation is nine degrees of freedom (9-DOF) multibody model done with the help of two strands and three bodies having 3-DOF each. The coupled equations of motion are established by deploying the Velocity Transformation Technique. The hydrodynamic and two-strand forces are simplified as linear, while the hydrostatic and mooring forces are treated as nonlinear external loads. The numerical solution to the equations for the MBDS is obtained from the Runge Kutta Method of Fourth-Order. Furthermore, the Finite Element Modeling approach discusses the installation operation using Y-method. The results of the proposed numerical model are validated by comparing it with the numerical simulation from OrcaFlex, and the results from both models are found to be in good agreement. The findings of this study will help improve the safe and stable installation of deep-water multibody structures.     

PMM tests in a circulating water channel and nonlinear analysis

As a result of frequent marine disasters leading to the loss of human life and pollution of vast areas of the ocean, ship manoeuvrability has become a very important characteristic of ship design. Among several recent experimental techniques to determine ship manoeuvrability, the most popular is captive model testing using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). This article describes some tests, analyses, and results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel (CWC) using a model of a training ship. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a model of the training ship Shioji Maru in pure yawing motion were measured, and hydrodynamic derivatives were obtained using two different methods of analysis: singular value decomposition (a least-squares fit method) and Fourier analysis. Derivatives obtained from the tests were used to simulate the turning trajectory of the actual ship, and these were compared with the results of sea trials. The results indicate that both methods of analysis yield fairly similar derivatives. The simulation results were also found to be a close match with the trial results. Received: February 7, 2002 / Accepted: May 14, 2002 Address correspondence to: K. Shoji (shoji@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp)     

船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。