加筋圆柱壳水下爆炸动响应数值模拟

圆柱壳是潜艇和海洋工程结构物广泛采用的结构单元,研究其水下爆炸动响应有助于深入了解圆柱壳结构的失效规律和机理,对于提高潜艇的生命力和战斗力有着重要的意义.本文首先研究了采用ABAQUS软件的水下爆炸载荷模型和计算参数的选取范围,然后选取加筋圆柱壳舱段为研究对象进行水下爆炸数值模拟,计算得出基座的冲击环境与试验数据吻合良好.本文进一步对圆柱壳在水下爆炸条件下的动响应规律进行了研究,得出了结构不同部位冲击动响应和冲击环境,并对不同部位冲击环境的差异进行了分析,得出了复杂圆柱壳结构在水下爆炸作用下的动响应和冲击环境规律.     

Numerical assessment of explosion resistant profiled barriers

Profiled blast barriers are an integral part of offshore topsides where they are required to protect personnel and safety critical equipment against the effects of a possible hydrocarbon explosion. Limited studies on their response have been presented, particularly at high overpressures. This paper presents a numerical study using finite element analysis to investigate the response of stainless steel profiled barriers subjected to hydrocarbon explosions. By examining three profiles of varying depth (deep, intermediate and shallow) commonly used in offshore topside structures, the criteria governing their behaviour are highlighted. The static capacity and the dynamic response of the barriers are established up to the maximum capacity level and into the post peak or buckling response regime. The parameters that were found to have profound effects on the analyses include imperfections, boundary conditions and modelling assumptions. Through this study, recommendations and guidelines of using finite element analysis for the design or analysis of such explosion resistant barriers are given.     

复合材料桅杆抗空爆性能研究

采用等效分析方法模拟复合材料桅杆上夹层板结构在空中非接触爆炸载荷下的毁伤形式,根据模拟海战设置工况,计算得到桅杆在空爆载荷下的动态响应,并由所得数据统计出了不同爆距下的抗冲击极限.同时,改变桅杆材料构成,优化结构形式,提高桅杆抗爆性能.为复合材料桅杆抗空爆性能的研究提供了参考,并为桅杆结构的设计提供了理论依据.     

饱和冲量及其等效方法在舱室内爆炸中的应用

[目的]对于受到爆炸脉冲载荷冲击作用的船体结构,基于饱和冲量现象的相关研究表明,仅根据最大载荷幅值和脉冲总冲量来设计船体结构是不合理的,需探究工程应用中的饱和冲量现象。[方法]首先,总结饱和冲量概念的提出及研究发展;然后,以舱室内爆炸为典型算例,分析内爆炸载荷的曲线特性及结构响应特征;最后,基于饱和等效方法将复杂的内爆炸载荷等效为矩形脉冲载荷,采用理论及数值方法对等效载荷进行计算。[结果]结果表明:在舱室内爆炸准静态超压情况下普遍存在饱和冲量现象,实际工程应用中爆炸载荷会对结构造成较大的塑性变形,通常超过10倍板厚;而运用基于饱和冲量的等效方法分析,所得结果与数值仿真结果的误差小于10%。[结论]运用此方法可更准确地得出结构塑性动力响应结果,在结构抗冲击设计优化时,还可减少繁琐的复杂非线性数值计算,使设计更高效。     

水中悬浮隧道受撞击作用的数值分析

针对水中悬浮隧道在偶然状况下受到的潜艇撞击问题,文章采用流固耦合方法,建立了撞击作用下浮筒式悬浮隧道的有限元动态模型,分别撞击跨中、隧道四分之一跨、浮筒,分析隧道变形、撞击力、连接钢管拉杆力、隧道端部约束力、隧道动能情况。结果表明:撞击作用下,隧道整体变形明显,结构内力大。不同撞击位置处,悬浮隧道在水下的结构变形和受力行为区别明显。对此,有必要考虑撞击位置进行悬浮隧道的抗撞击设计。     

某型舰船水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下结构动态响应数值仿真研究

为了保证舰船安全性,提高舰船生命力,舰船在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下动态响应是船舶结构动力学研究的重要课题之一.文中采用数值仿真技术研究了某型水面舰船在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应.分别从结构变形损伤、变形能吸收和冲击环境等几个方面研究了舰船结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的响应特性.     

潜艇弹、刚性连接平台静动态响应分析

首先利用ANSYS程序分析了潜艇内部弹、刚性连接平台在受到静载荷和谐响应激励作用下的响应，然后利用LS-DYNA对潜艇典型舱段在受到水下近场爆炸冲击作用时弹、刚性连接平台的响应进行了研究，并进行了弹、刚性连接平台的静动态响应对比分析。     

Numerical investigation of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) structure subjected to underwater explosion loading

With the increasing applications in the offshore industry such as oil and gas jackets, submarine pipelines and wind turbine foundations, concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) structures are encountering the ever-increasing risk of threats to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This study presents a systematical investigation on the structural behaviors and design recommendations of the CFDST structures subjected to UNDEX loadings through finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Finite element models have been developed, where the non-linear material properties of the constitutive steel and concrete parts and the composite actions in-between have been considered. The FEA models are verified against the experimentally determined shock wave pressure history, the deformation shapes, and the residual strength. The full-range analyses were firstly carried out on the structural responses of CFDST structures, including the typical damage patterns and residual strength of the specimen after UNDEX. Then, the parametric studies show that the cross-section hollow ratio, charge weight, and explosion distance play great roles in determining the residual strengths. Thereafter, damage indexes considering the parameter of the hollow ratio and the scaled explosion distance has been formulated, and design recommendations have been suggested accordingly.     

Characteristics of gas explosion loads and structural responses of blast wall on FPSO

Gas explosions generally cause catastrophic damage to surrounding structures and humans. The application of blast wall can effectively prevent the damage. The uniform explosion load is widely used in assessing structural response, but it cannot represent the non-uniform characteristic of actual explosion pressures. The main contents of this paper are to study the effect of gas cloud characteristics on explosion pressure distribution, and analyze the effect of non-uniform loads on structural responses. The results reveal that the explosion loads have strongly spatial inhomogeneous when explosion scenarios have large sized cloud or long combustion distance. By establishing the overpressure-probability exceedance curves for uniform loading method and distributed loading method, based on the given accident frequency several design loads are determined. The structural responses of blast wall under design loads are assessed based on explosion evaluation acceptance criteria. It can be seen that the use of uniform loading method underestimates the structural response and misjudges the deformation pattern compared to actual explosion loads. Global and local explosion pressures should be considered simultaneously in the design specification. The overpressure-probability exceedance curves for non-uniform explosion pressures are recommended to establish the design load for blast wall.     

舰船舷侧防护结构水下接触爆炸动响应分析研究

舰船舷侧防护结构在接触爆炸载荷作用下的动响应问题是舰船抗爆抗冲击设计的重要组成部分。根据国外水面舰船防护结构形式,在某单层舷侧舰船模型基础上增设舷侧防护隔壁结构,并应用国际上通用的动力有限元程序ABAQUS对其进行水下接触爆炸系列数值仿真实验,考核舷侧防护结构对舰船抗爆抗冲击性能的影响。通过结果的对比分析发现,增设舷侧防护结构后较明显改善了船体外板的损伤情况,且防护隔壁仅发生了少量的塑性变形没有产生破口,从而达到了保护内部机舱等重要舱室的目的,并以防护结构双层隔舱内填充液体抗冲击性能最佳。     

蜂窝夹层板的优化设计分析

夹层板结构是近代发展起来的一种比较先进的结构形式,具有比强度高、比刚度大等特点。为优化夹层板的抗冲击性能,以某船底部板架单元为基础,在保证夹层板总质量和主尺寸与原板架相同的前提下,建立4组六棱柱蜂窝夹层板模型,其中每组夹层板的夹层质量各不相同。首先利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟夹层板在冲击波载荷作用下的响应,对比夹层板的结构损伤并筛选出每组中结构损伤最小的夹层板板型,然后从能量吸收的角度分析夹层板的抗爆抗冲击性能,得到一种优化的夹层板模型。     

战斗部远场水下爆炸对舰船冲击损伤评估

利用128核并行计算版ABAQUS软件对爆破型战斗部由远至近攻击舰船的5个工况进行数值模拟,给出主甲板、内底和底龙骨等重要部位的加速度响应,分析冲击因子为0.24-0.78时加速度响应的变化规律。利用实船爆炸试验测量结果对所用仿真算法进行对比验证,并提出采用相对加速度冲击因子的表征参数来评价战斗部远场水下爆炸对靶船的冲击损伤效果。研究成果可为爆破型战斗部毁伤能力评估及舰船结构抗冲击性能评估提供参考。     

基于拉依达准则的舰载设备抗冲击薄弱环节判定

舰载设备的抗冲击能力对提高舰船战斗力和生命力有十分重要的意义。通过对冲击载荷作用下舰载设备的动态响应进行统计分析,发现其结构响应的频率特性与对数正态分布十分符合。成功将拉依达准则应用于舰载设备抗冲击薄弱环节的判定。通过与频率计算法进行对比分析,验证了应用拉依达准则对舰载设备抗冲击薄弱环节进行判定的可行性,同时也发现了频率计算法的不足之处。作为算例,分别应用频率计算法和拉依达准则对其抗冲击薄弱环节进行判定。计算结果表明,拉依达准则判定法的计算结果更加准确而全面。     

A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

双层圆柱壳受物体撞击损伤过程数值仿真

圆柱壳是海洋工程结构物和潜体中广泛采用的结构单元,为了研究其在物体撞击作用下的响应以及撞击角度对撞击响应的影响,文中采用大型非线性动态响应分析程序MSC.Dytran,分不同撞击角度,对双层圆柱壳结构受射弹撞击过程进行了数值仿真,研究分析了圆柱壳结构的损伤变形、能量吸收及撞击力的变化情况.文中的计算结果对圆柱壳结构物的抗撞击分析研究及合理的结构设计有参考价值.     

冲击载荷下含表面裂纹潜艇典型结构的动态断裂研究

文章基于大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了带有初始表面裂纹的潜艇典型结构在不同下潜深度、不同爆心到船壳距离R和不同作用方位冲击载荷作用下的动态应力强度因子及其最大值与冲击因子的变化规律,然后以921A钢为例对多种工况下结构是否发生失稳断裂作出初步判断。     

潜艇艇体结构生命力评估体系研究

概述了现有潜艇结构生命力评估方法并讨论了其中存在的缺陷,提出了一个以等损伤面概念为核心的潜艇结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的生命力评估体系,阐述了具体实施步骤并分析了该评估体系的优点.     

某型舰船水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下结构动态响应数值仿真研究

为保证舰船安全性,提高舰船生命力,舰船在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下动态响应,是船舶结构动力学研究的重要课题之一。采用MSC.DYTRAN有限元程序,运用数值仿真技术研究了某型水面舰船在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应。分别从结构变形损伤、应力应变响应、变形能吸收和冲击环境等几个方面研究了舰船结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的响应特性。     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

潜艇双层舷侧结构水下接触爆炸特性数值分析

为研究潜艇双层舷侧在水下接触爆炸作用下的破坏特性和抗爆性能,对潜艇舱段进行等比例实体建模,利用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA作为工具进行仿真。归纳总结了舷侧主要结构的破坏模式及响应特点,并从吸能的角度探讨了各结构对抗爆性能的贡献度,结果可为结构的强度优化设计提供参考。