不同通航模式下LNG泊位组船舶通航效率研究

LNG船舶通航因特殊监管要求,具有一定排他性。前期研究表明基于目前一般通航规则,单个港址LNG泊位数量不宜超过4个,超过后,船舶通航效率较低、运营监管风险较高。本文采用多智能体泊位组联合运营仿真建模,采用控制变量法,定量评估了码头高负荷状态下不同LNG船舶监管条件和航行距离对LNG运输船舶通航效率的影响,以及采用一定优化通航组织方式对通航效率提升的效果。结果表明,LNG泊位数量4个、独立单向航道、LNG船舶航行监管距离在20海里左右时,系统运营效率相对的较高;进一步采取LNG船舶组队进出港或设置独立双向LNG航道通航等缩短必要交通管制所占用航道时间的优化通航组织,对提高LNG船舶通航效率具有明显效果。研究成果可为LNG码头合理建设规模、LNG船舶通航组织优化及航行安全保障等提供参考依据。     

曹妃甸LNG码头建设规模与通航效率的适应性

曹妃甸LNG接收站作为我国北方天然气供应的重要保障主体,冬季高峰期月到港LNG船舶达到8～11艘,按照规划扩建后将成为国内外规模最大的LNG接收站。由于LNG船舶通航的严格监管,到港船舶数量的增加会对航道通航效率造成显著压力,因此需要论证码头建设规模与航道的适应性。在现状定线制通航条件下,基于多智能体仿真建模方法,构建曹妃甸港区LNG船舶进出港全过程仿真模型,定量评估不同LNG码头建设规模对LNG船舶通航效率的影响。结果表明,当LNG泊位数达到4个时,船舶进出港受制约明显,优化航路后能有效提高LNG船舶的通航效率。     

天津港大港港区LNG双泊位联合运行通航管理方案*

为满足北方地区冬季LNG高峰期保供目标,部分渤海沿海港口在同一港池内规划布置双LNG泊位。鉴于双泊位联合运营下的LNG船舶关联性强且操纵难度高的特点,有必要对LNG双泊位联合运行进行调度管理方案研究。以国内首座正式投产运营的LNG双泊位为例,基于船舶操纵模拟仿真方法,通过分析LNG船舶航行对航道通航效率影响及相邻泊位联动性,提出双泊位运营下的LNG船进出港优先级。在此基础上,结合LNG双泊位运营特点和通航管理规则,制定近期和远期不同阶段的船舶联合调度组织模式。研究结论可为单港池LNG双泊位的通航管理提供决策依据。     

开敞岛礁海域环境大型LNG码头规划布置关键问题*

舟山群岛海域规划有多个LNG重要港址,对于保障长三角天然气供应具有关键作用。LNG码头具有自身建设要求高和对外排他性强的特性,在舟山群岛海域为代表的开敞岛礁海域建设具有较大技术难度。以舟山六横和上海洋山LNG码头为例,系统分析开敞岛礁海域对LNG码头规划布置的影响,分析码头和航道布置关键问题,论证多个大型LNG泊位联合布置的安全间距,研究LNG船舶通航安全和通航效率影响,提出LNG码头规划布置方案。结果表明,开敞环境下布置多个大型LNG泊位时,与掩护条件较好时相比应适当增加安全间距,注意横风、横流以及斜顶流的影响,确保船舶通航安全,要控制LNG合理运输规模,采取通航优化措施,提升区域船舶通航效率。     

黄骅港煤炭港区超限船舶对航道通航效率的影响

针对黄骅港煤炭港区人工长航道通过能力有限的现状,研究LNG船舶等超限船舶严格的通航规则对煤炭船舶通航效率产生的影响。基于通航管理现状,采用多智能体仿真建模方法,构建煤炭港区船舶-航道-泊位作业仿真模型,通过6组工况分析定量评价超限船舶进出港产生的通航效率影响。结果表明,年到港超限船舶达到70艘次时,单船造成的延误船舶超过2.4艘次,延误时间超过1.1 h,且超限船舶管制规则越严格,产生的影响越大。建议煤炭港区严格控制超限船舶数量,保证煤炭船舶通过能力。     

基于多要素比选的连云港港LNG接收站码头选址

基于多智能体仿真建模方法建立连云港港LNG码头选址涉及相关港区船舶进出港全过程仿真模型,对拟选址的LNG码头船舶进出可能产生的远期通航影响进行定量评估,并与已有选址相关研究结论进行对比;综合分析航道条件、选址与后方城市距离、通航影响等多要素,提出在现行通航规则和港口规划条件下的连云港港LNG码头推荐港址。本研究所采用的方法和结论可为区域LNG码头布局规划提供技术支撑。     

海港LNG船舶通航方式及应急锚地布置

LNG船舶通航管控要求严格,LNG进港船舶通航方式和应急锚地的设置一直是LNG码头港址选择和建设营运管理过程中重点关注的问题之一。通过对国内现有规范有关LNG船舶通航及锚地设置要求的梳理和沿海已建或在建代表性LNG接收站港址水域水文泥沙条件、航道锚地设置现状、实际建设营运情况及通航管理实践的分析,提出沿海不同港址LNG船舶全潮或乘潮通航方式选择及应急锚地布置建议,可为LNG接收站建设、运营和通航管理提供参考。     

面向复杂环境的LNG码头合理布局规模仿真案例分析

LNG船舶通过限制性航道进出港时须采取一定的管控措施,具有显著的排他性,布局LNG码头时须确定合理的码头规模,以保障港区各类船舶通航效率。基于多智能体复杂系统的混合模拟仿真建模方法,以宁波舟山港六横港区南侧岸线新布局LNG码头研究为例,建立不同的仿真情境,通过设定的指标进行评价分析,研判在一定通航管控措施条件下六横港区南侧LNG码头合理布局规模,为港口码头布局和岸线合理利用提供决策依据。     

多智能体仿真在LNG码头选址及港口规划中的应用

液化天然气(LNG)船舶进出港进行的严格交通管制会影响港口的运营,因此在港口规划阶段须审慎决策LNG码头选址及布局问题。应用自主开发的《基于多智能体信息交互的港口运营系统仿真软件(简称:APSS)V1.0》,建立可模拟涵盖LNG船舶通航影响机制的港口运营系统仿真模型;以实际工程为例,系统探讨LNG船舶通航对近、远期港口运营影响问题的思路和方法;结合水域通航环境特点提出远期优化措施。研究结果可辅助港口规划制定。     

航道约束下的LNG码头对散货泊位建设的影响研究

采用基于多智能体的仿真建模方法,构建考虑LNG船和散货船共用航道的港口航道系统仿真模型,研究在航道条件约束下,日到港LNG船数量不同时,LNG码头对散货泊位建设数量的影响。结果表明:在散货泊位利用率随泊位数量增加而降低的阶段,当AWT/AST一定时,在航道受限条件下,日到港LNG船数越多,可建设散货泊位数量越少;港内散货泊位数量为定值,随着日到港LNG船数增加,散货泊位将出现富余,且日到港LNG船数越多,散货泊位富余也越大。     

复杂水域船舶进出港全过程仿真建模方法

本文对比分析了国内外应用各种建模方法在船舶通航研究中的优缺点,提出了一种基于多智能体信息交互的港口运营系统仿真建模方法,旨在拟实反映复杂水域船舶进出港的全过程。结合多智能体系统仿真理论、离散事件仿真理论与多元数据统计分析方法,实现了对复杂水域船舶进出港全年全过程的精细化仿真,并系统总结了可通过建模解决的关键研究问题。     

基于多智能体仿真的LNG船舶进出港通航影响的评价指标研究

针对液化天然气(LNG)船舶通航影响问题,探索定量评估方法,采用多智能体仿真技术,并基于仿真建模平台,建立一套完整的评价指标。以嘉兴港LNG工程为例,本文提出的仿真模型利用智能体相互联系、实时交互的特点,对港口运营系统所涉及的各项要素进行模块化开发,能够科学、有效地模拟港口实际运作情况,定量得出LNG船舶对港口运营带来的影响。综合各指标分析后,认为嘉兴港LNG工程对其港口运营影响较小。     

A break-even model for evaluating the cost of container ships waiting times and berth unproductive times in automated quayside operations

The planning, design and development of a container terminal with optimum size and capacity and with a minimum capital cost is fundamentally dependent upon the loading and discharging operations at the quayside. The quayside function of container terminals is dependent basically on the number of berths available to service the incoming container ships. The objective of the container terminals dealing and admitting the ongoing ship calls is to provide immediate berth and loading and discharging services to the container ships with a minimum costly waiting time and a maximum efficiency. Previously terminal planners used to build extra berths to provide service. During the last two decades the terminal operators have adopted automation technologies in loading and discharging operation of the container ships as an alternative to designing extra berths. Ship owners naturally expect least waiting times for their container ships. On the other hand, it is also natural for port operators in a container terminal with costly facilities to see a high berth occupancy and productivity at the quayside. This study uses queuing theory to find a break-even point as a way of evaluating the cost of container ship waiting times and the cost of berth unproductive service times for container terminals aiming to automate their quayside operation. The analysis illustrates that automation devices installed on conventional Quayside Cranes (QSCs) significantly reduce the turnaround time of the container ships calling at the ports. It argues, however, that there should be a balance between the cost of berth unproductive service times and the cost of vessel waiting times. The study introduces a break-even point to be considered as a benchmark for calculating such a balance. The analysis in this study can be used as a decision tool for the operators of container terminals in the medium to small ports to appraise the feasibility of an investment in automation or expansion of the quayside facilities.     

广州港深水航道通过能力仿真分析

针对广州港深水航道工程实例,对船舶到达锚地、进入航道、在泊作业和船舶离港的作业全过程进行分析。在考虑潮汐、多支汊航道管制规则等影响因素的基础上,建立了复杂航道系统仿真模型;在预测运量和船型发展的基础上,基于服务水平分析不同航道拓宽方案的通过能力,为航道拓宽方案提供重要的决策支持依据。     

The impact of port operations on efficient ship operation from both economic and environmental perspectives

Recently, shipping lines have focused on efficient ship operation, which relates to energy efficiency issues in shipping and, particularly, to operational issues such that the minimisation of fuel consumption and resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Efficient ship operation in container lines is closely related to the ship’s time at sea and ship’s time in port. Reduction in port time, thanks to high-quality port operations, allows improvement in the operational efficiency of a liner service by reducing the fuel consumption of a ship at sea and its resulting CO₂ emissions. The main goal of this article is to investigate how time in port affects efficient ship operation in terms of operating costs, CO₂ emissions and externalities. For this, as a methodology, a simulation based upon system dynamics is introduced. Major finding is that less time in port resulting from the improvement of port operations contributes to efficient ship operation in terms of operating costs, amount of CO₂ emissions and external effects in the liner shipping industry. In particular, a sensitivity analysis on efficient ship operation vis-à-vis the quality of port operation shows that bigger ships need to select highly productive calling ports that provide less time in port.     

船舶进出港的安全时距对散货港口服务水平的影响

船舶进出港安全时距是控制同向进出港船舶尾随时间的安全参数,是关系到沿海港口服务水平的重要因素之一.目前国内部分散货港区由于单向航道通过能力的限制,导致港口服务水平严重下降,为缓解航道拥堵、提高港口服务水平,利用Arena软件构建港口生产作业系统的仿真模型,研究安全时距的变化对港口服务水平的影响,并应用于具体工程案例的仿...     

紧急制动及紧急向前时螺旋桨绕流的大涡模拟

船舶在港口停泊或在过驳、动力定位作业过程中需要进行复杂的操纵,此时船舶需要在低速非设计工况下实现后退、紧急制动和紧急向前等运动。在这些低速操纵运动过程中,螺旋桨工作于四象限内,由此产生的侧向力会影响船舶的操纵性能。出于安全考虑,需要评估螺旋桨在四象限内的水动力性能。文章基于CFD方法模拟了螺旋桨在四象限内作业时的紧急制动和紧急向前工况,采取LES方法模拟了紧急制动和紧急向前时剧烈的非定常分离流动。对紧急制动工况进行了网格收敛性分析;所得到的推力和扭矩系数与现有的试验值进行了比较,分析了螺旋桨负荷对螺旋桨性能的影响。通过对桨叶表面的压力分布、一些典型平面上的速度轮廓和流线以及推力的频谱特性进行分析,展示了螺旋桨流动的机理。     

基于模拟减少集装箱船待港时间的实用方法(英文)

The main challenge for container ports is the planning required for berthing container ships while docked in port.Growth of containerization is creating problems for ports and container terminals as they reach their capacity limits of various resources which increasingly leads to traffic and port congestion.Good planning and management of container terminal operations reduces waiting time for liner ships.Reducing the waiting time improves the terminal’s productivity and decreases the port difficulties.Two important keys to reducing waiting time with berth allocation are determining suitable access channel depths and increasing the number of berths which in this paper are studied and analyzed as practical solutions.Simulation based analysis is the only way to understand how various resources interact with each other and how they are affected in the berthing time of ships.We used the Enterprise Dynamics software to produce simulation models due to the complexity and nature of the problems.We further present case study for berth allocation simulation of the biggest container terminal in Iran and the optimum access channel depth and the number of berths are obtained from simulation results.The results show a significant reduction in the waiting time for container ships and can be useful for major functions in operations and development of container ship terminals.