二维凹槽内加机翼减阻效果的数值分析

对平板、二维凹槽和二维凹槽内加机翼三种模型进行对比分析，数值探讨二维凹槽内加机翼的减阻效果。数值摸拟采用商业软件fluent，结果表明在二维凹槽内加入机翼后的阻力比平板的阻力有14．8％的减阻效果。     

两相流相互作用下的船模微气泡减阻性能数值仿真

基于两相流理论,对集装箱船船模进行微气泡减阻性能数值仿真研究。分析船模在不同喷气口位置、流体含气率、不同喷射速度和角度下的流场分布和减阻效果。结果表明：当流体微气泡含量过高时,会增大船体摩擦阻力,流体含气率为10%~20%时,有较好的减阻效果,喷气口位置在距离球鼻艏后缘约三分之一船长附近具有较高的空气覆盖率,喷气口喷气方向垂直向下所产生的减阻效果比喷气方向偏向船侧效果要好,且船速较高时可允许较高含气率流体注入流场并增大减阻效果。     

Frictional drag reduction with air lubricant over a super-water-repellent surface

This paper presents a new technique for reducing frictional drag using a super-water-repellent surface and air-injection (called an SWR & A technique). Its effectiveness was examined by carrying out pressure-loss measurements with a tube of rectangular cross section, along with resistance tests on a horizontal flat plate, a 7.2-m-long tanker model, and a 12-m-long high length-to-beam-ratio model ship. These test results showed that the new technique can significantly reduce the models' frictional drag; for example, the frictional resistance on the SWR surface was reduced by 80% at a speed of 4 m/s and 55% at 8 m/s. Received: October 16, 2000 / Accepted: December 4, 2000     

超空泡回转体减阻特性研究

基于Fluent 6.0的气泡两相流模型对超空泡回转体的减阻特性进行了数值研究.内容包括:外形对阻力及超空泡形状的影响;超空泡控制;阻力系数随空泡数的变化规律;长细比对减阻率的影响.超空泡减阻机理的研究表明:超空泡不仅可以减小回转体的摩擦阻力,还可以减小回转体的压差阻力.在外形、长细比和空泡数以及工程可实现性等诸多因素中,存在着一个最佳组合,使减阻率最高.     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

Comparison of Microbubble and Air Layer Injection with Porous Media for Drag Reduction on a Self-propelled Barge Ship Model

Ship resistance issues are related to fuel economy, speed, and cost efficiency. Air lubrication is a promising technique for lowering hull frictional resistance as it is supposed to modify the energy in the turbulent boundary layer and thereby reduce hull friction. In this paper, the objective is to identify the optimum type of air lubrication using microbubble drag reduction (MBDR) and air layer drag reduction (ALDR) techniques to reduce the resistance of a 56-m Indonesian self-propelled barge (SPB). A model with the following dimensions was constructed: length L?=?2000 mm, breadth B?=?521.60 mm, and draft T?=?52.50 mm. The ship model was towed using standard towing tank experimental parameters. The speed was varied over the Froude number range 0.11–0.31. The air layer flow rate was varied at 80, 85, and 90 standard liters per minute (SLPM) and the microbubble injection coefficient over the range 0.20–0.60. The results show that the ship model using the air layer had the highest drag reduction up to a maximum of 90%. Based on the characteristics of the SPB, which operates at low speed, the optimum air lubrication type to reduce resistance in this instance is ALDR.     

气泡减阻实验研究

为研究气泡对航行体侧壁的减阻效果，设计一套试验装置。利用该装置，采用壁面通气法研究不同通气量、不同来流速度和不同通气角度对气泡减阻效果的影响。实验结果表明：在通气量和通气角度不变的条件下，减阻率随来流速度增加而增加；在来流速度和通气角度不变的条件下，随通气量增加，减阻率先增加然后变小；在来流速度和通气量不变的条件下，减阻率随通气角度的增大而减少；在一定的条件下，取得了20．34％的减阻率。     

Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

通过微气泡控制湍流边界层减阻的研究与进展

本文介绍了微气泡减阻的研究现状，阐述了湍流状态下微气泡减阻机理，对平板、轴对称体和船模等典型微气泡减阻试验做了简述后，总结了微气泡减阻理论研究的成果及相关的数学模型，最后介绍了微气泡减阻在实船上应用的现状和前景。     

微气泡层减阻的边界层模型计算

以流体中光滑平板为例,建立微气泡层覆盖平板的气液简单边界层模型,采用平板层流理论,对给定的气泡喷射参数和流体特性参数计算了微气泡层状态下平板的摩擦阻力,结果显示微气泡层对平板有明显减阻效果;最后给出了气体边界层的速度分布和剪切应力分布.     

平头方尾运输船舶开槽减阻研究

传统的平头方尾型运输船舶具有载重大、吃水浅的优点,但航行阻力大,航速低。本文针对该船型开展了开槽减阻的研究,通过在船底开设纵向槽道对艏部高压区进行引流减阻,来实现该船型高航速运输的要求。船体流场及阻力采用RANS方法进行数值模拟,并计及航行姿态的变化。通过改变槽道长度、宽度以及槽道顶板的形状,研究了减阻效果与槽道几何尺度的关系。针对某型船船的研究表明,船底槽道的引流量是影响减阻效果的主要因素,当采用纵向贯穿的槽道,且槽道顶板的折角点设在船中时,可使原船30节时的减阻率达到24%以上。     

过渡型艇微气泡减阻喷缝尺度影响数值计算(英文)

针对一优良过渡型艇,为喷气需要进行船底断阶,采用有限体积法、SIMPLEC算法和k-ε两方程湍流模型,不计自由面影响,计及气泡与水的相对运动,数值求解包含气液两相流的雷诺平均控制方程组。获得不同喷缝宽度、不同傅汝德数和相对喷气速度下的船舶的阻力特性和气泡浓度分布规律并与模型实验结果进行对比分析。结果显示:在获得高减阻率条件下,Cn随Fr增加而呈非线性增加,当Fr=0.779时,Cn达到最大值;在获得25%减阻率的条件下,Fr=0.973时相对喷缝宽度为0.112所需喷气量最小即喷气所消耗功率最小。计算结果可为高速气泡船喷缝参数设计提供参考。     

壁面展向周期振动减阻机理及其二维波谱分析

利用直接数值模拟(DNS)对壁面作展向周期运动的槽道湍流进行研究,建立了槽道湍流数据库.通过改变振幅大小和振动周期,可以使壁面摩擦阻力明显减少.随着平均减阻率的增加,壁面阻力随时间的变化也更加稳定并呈现出较大周期的变化.将一个典型的阻力变化周期分成三个不同区域进行讨论,对湍流脉动能的二维波谱进行了定量分析,进一步揭示出壁面展向周期振动抑制湍流、实现减阻的内在机理.     

船用隐极无刷发电机混合通风和温度场仿真计算研究

该文针对船用隐极发电机混合通风风路的结构。建立多元二次非线性回路压降方程组，引入函数风阻使之降幂成为多元一次非线性方程组，以解算出各等效风路的空气流量；引入气体热流，构造非线性节点热流方程组，以解算出求解域中各节点的温度。     

空泡尾部流场特性数值模拟研究

使用商用软件FLUENT6.0,对不同的空泡形态下空泡尾部的阻力特性进行了数值模拟研究.研究表明,随着通气率的增大和空泡形态的增长,运动体尾部阻力系数逐渐减小,并且在减小至谷底后又开始回升.尾部压差阻力系数大于粘滞阻力系数,二者均随着通气率的增加而减小.并且压差阻力系数在达到最小值后开始逐渐增大,因而使得总尾部阻力系数在减小至谷底后开始回升.运动体尾部沾湿长度随着通气率的增大而减小,尾部阻力系数则随着尾部沾湿长度的增大而增大.     

水下航行体通气超空泡减阻特性实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗劳德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,以及不同空泡长度下的模型阻力系数.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,阻力系数随空泡长度的增加先递增后递减;空化器直径对阻力系数的影响较大,在大弗劳德数条件下,阻力系数会因空化器直径过大而出现随通气量的增加而变大的趋势.利用商用软件对超空泡形态及阻力系数作了数值仿真,并与实验结果作了对比,两者符合较好.     

利用微气泡层减少平板阻力的边界层模型计算

以流体中光滑平板为例，建立微气泡层覆盖平板的气液简单边界层模型，采用平板层流理论，对给定的一系列气泡喷射速度参数和流体特性参数计算了微气泡状态下平板的摩擦阻力，结果显示微气泡对平板有明显减阻效果；最后给出了气体边界层的速度分布和剪切应力分布。     

Influence of microbubble diameter and distribution on frictional resistance reduction

Investigations into frictional resistance reduction by microbubbles were carried out using a two-dimensional channel. The flow velocity and the amount of air injected were varied, and the frictional resistance reduction was measured. The frictional resistance reduction increased with increasing mean void ratio. When the bubble diameter was changed, the influence on frictional resistance reduction was negligible. The influence of bubble distribution near a wall was also investigated. Although it is thought that the influence of microbubbles near a wall is large, further investigations are required. Received: February 6, 2002 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 Acknowledgments. This research was supported by a special research program of Toyo University, SR239 Research Committee of the Shipbuilding Research Association of Japan, and the Research Project on Smart Control of Turbulence. The authors express their sincere gratitude for these supports. Address correspondence to: H. Kato (kato@eng.toyo.ac.jp)     

沟槽面减阻效果影响因素及减阻机理的分析

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型计算V型沟槽面的湍流边界层流动和粘性阻力,研究了沟槽尖峰形状和雷诺数对减阻效果的影响规律,初步分析了沟槽面减阻机理.指出:沟槽尖峰处的圆角半径越小其减阻效果越好,沟槽斜面中下部的壁面应力随着圆角半径的减小而降低,但尖峰处的局部壁面应力会随之增大;来流速度对沟槽减阻率的影响很大,对于一种尺度的V型沟槽,存在着一个具有较好减阻效果的来流速度范围,而沟槽面在沿来流方向上的布置位置对减阻效果的影响非常小;沟槽尺度对减阻效果很剧烈;沟槽尖峰处生成的二次涡是产生减阻效果的根本原因,二次涡的强弱与沟槽减阻率的大小紧密相关.     

船用梯形微沟槽表面减阻效应的仿真分析与实验验证

基于微沟槽减阻机理,采用改变船体表面微结构形貌尺寸的方法,以期降低船舶运行中的航行阻力,提高船舶航行效率,节约能源。利用流体软件FLUENT对梯形肋条和梯形沟槽两种微结构表面流场进行模拟仿真,分析了沟槽深宽比h/d1的减阻效果。仿真结果表明,对于梯形肋条,在h/d1时均具有减阻效果,当h/d为0.45时减阻效果最好;对于梯形沟槽,当h/d为0.30、0.36时表现为增阻,h/d为0.45、0.60、0.75时表现为减阻,其中当h/d为0.60时的减阻效果最好。为了验证模拟计算的规律,进行了阻力冲刷实验,实验结果与模拟计算结果的对比分析表明模拟计算与实验结论一致。