船舶机损事故中人为失误的实证研究

根据近几年收集的浙江省主要航运公司发生的244起重大机损案例,从损伤部件、故障类型、发生时间、事故原因4个方面进行统计分析,揭示出导致船舶机损事故的主要原因是人为失误,对如何防止船舶机损事故中的人为失误提出建议。     

海损事故频发令业界焦虑

据伦敦船体保险商估计,今年1～4月全损和部分损失金额已超过5亿美金。1月发生的MSC Napoli事故,保险赔偿金额也高达4500万美元。3月初,世界上最大的耙吸式挖泥船WD FAIRWAY号在天津海域与一艘9200TEU集装箱船MSC Joanna号发生碰撞,损失至少达2.05亿美元。4月初,豪华游轮Sea Diamond号在希腊桑托林岛(Santorini)附近沉没,船体及轮机损失价值约为5千万美金。仅隔两天时间,杂货船Harvest号与散货船“金海鲲”号相撞后沉没,20名船员下落不明。4月中旬,仅下水6个月的拖轮Bourbon Dolphin号在北海倾覆,造成船体及轮机损失价值达5千万美金。这些事故仅是其中的一部分,但由于伴随着严重的伤亡事故,足以表明今年海上安全面临的严峻形势。保险公司担忧,这可能预示着频繁发生严重船损事故的趋势将会重现。     

集装箱船货损事故实例分析

尽管集装箱船货损事故的发生率明显低于普通的杂货船，但要杜绝事故的发生并非易事。研究和分析有关事故发生的原因，可能是防止此类事故的良方。本试举几个曾经发生的实例，以一管之见进行浅析，力图使有关人员在遇到同类情况时引以为戒或触类旁通，防患于未然。     

船舶机损案例的人为因素失误分析

首先阐述了船舶机舱人一机系统的基本特征，从生理和心理2个方面剖析了人为因素失误的根源、类别和特点，从故障部件、故障类型、事故原因、故障机型、发生时间和发生区域方面，对收集到的397个机损案例进行了统计分析，揭示出船舶机损事故中的人为因素失误主要是日常维护的疏忽、管理失误、操作不当和维修失误，最后对提高船舶机舱的安全运行提出了建议。     

基于加权平滑季节趋势时序分解法的船舶机损事故风险防控

船舶机损事故严重威胁船舶运营安全,给航运公司带来重大经济损失,一直是航运公司风险防控的重点。为探究此类事故规律,控制和减少同类事故发生,利用基于局部加权平滑的季节趋势时序分解方法构建数学模型,对船舶机损事故的分布特征和时序规律进行描述和分析,发现船舶机损事故的发生具有季节性规律。根据机损事故的季节性规律,采取针对性防范措施。通过事故数据对比,验证该方法在船舶机务安全管理方面的实际效果,为船舶机务风险防控提供理论依据。     

"JS"轮与"GR"轮碰撞事故调查

2007年5月12日0308时左右,从烟台开往大连的圣文森特籍集装箱船"JS"轮和从营口开往韩国DANGZIN港的韩国籍杂货船"GR"轮在38°14'.41N121°42.17E处发生碰撞,事故造成"GR"轮沉没,船上16名船员6人死亡、10人失踪.     

从一起船舶倾覆事故谈对运砂船的监督管理

运砂船舶的倾覆沉没在内河已屡见不鲜。这类船舶倾覆沉没,不但对运砂船财产和人员生命造成损害,而且打捞沉船工作难度大,极易导致航道受阻,给过往船舶航行安全构成较大的威胁。本文运用船舶原理,对影响船舶初稳性的要素进行分析,研究和探讨运砂船倾覆事故发生的技术原因,提出了相应的管理措施,以达到避免或减少同类事故发生的目的。     

“JS”轮与“GR”轮碰撞事故调查报告

2007年5月12日0308时左右，从烟台开往大连的圣文森特籍集装箱船“JS”轮和从营口开往韩国DANGZIN港的韩国籍杂货船“GR”轮在38°14’．41N，121°42’．17E处发生碰撞，事故造成“GR”轮沉没，船上16名船员6人死亡、10人失踪。     

多用途杂货船载运原木沉船事故分析

承运原木的多用途杂货船,近年来连续发生沉船事故,事故的发生已不是孤立的一件事故,而是有着内在联系的一类事故。事故的发生有外在的恶劣气象海况原因,更有船舶本身的原因。有货物的原因,更有装载的原因。有装卸的原因,更有船舶结构的原因。总之,事故的发生不是偶然的,而是长期生产营运中船舶疲劳过度的必然结果。     

机损事故中润滑因素的分析

对润滑系统引起的机损事故的原因进行分析,并提出相应对策,减少这类机损事故的发生。     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.     

5800DWT杂货船总体和结构设计的特点

本文介绍了5800DWT杂货船总体和结构设计的特点，可供同类型船设计、研究参考。     

Statistics and damage assessment of ship grounding

In this paper, general statistics of ship grounding incidents are considered and the damage extent distributions for Ro–Ro ships are presented from the results of a comprehensive damage data survey conducted using Lloyd's Register's damage database. Theoretical models and semi-empirical formulae based on parametric studies are used to study the damage extents of grounded ships. Two real life grounding accidents are assessed. One is a single hull VLCC grounded onto a single rock and the other is a cargo ship grounded onto multiple rocks. A simulation based on a simple multi-rock scenario has been conducted on a 304-m single hull tanker. Correlation is made between the present calculation method results, statistical results and IMO requirements. The paper concludes with the main findings from the study.     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

智能船舶远程驾驶控制技术研究现状与趋势

阐述智能船舶及其远程驾驶的发展背景.基于目前大多数无人船艇远程控制存在的问题,在分析智能船舶远程驾驶需求和场景的基础上,提出基于人机共融理念的智能船舶远程驾驶框架.针对不同的远程驾驶模式,提出技术等级和相关的关键技术.通过借鉴交叉领域网络控制系统的发展成果,指出网络时延补偿、网络丢包补偿、安全应急、运动模型应用、运动控...     

12 500 t重型起重机敞口多用途船设计

基于敞口多用途规范，研究总体布置、敞口状态的稳性和强度、破损稳性、敞口耐波性模型试验、舱底水系统和节能环保措施等方面问题，设计12 500 t重型起重机敞口多用途船，符合规范和环保要求。该型船设置重型起重机，具有长货舱、大甲板面积、两层二甲板等特点，适合长大件及超高件等货物运输，并可运输常规货物。该型船对大开口、设置重型起重机和敞口航行的多用途船开发具有借鉴意义。     

大型货船的舱室设计浅谈

作者结合参与设计过的部分货船,从舱室设计的安全性、舒适性、环境优美三个方面对货船的舱室设计现代化进行探讨,并对照国外先进经验与我国的现况提出了看法.     

Characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors on the basis of field observations

In order to understand characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors, analysis on actual cargo handling logbook of stevedoring services company, including events of interruption of cargo handling, and countermeasure for ship mooring problems are investigated by field observations at two ports and numerical simulation on moored ship motions. First model port concerns with interruption of cargo handling due to the low-frequency motions. Second model port relates to a resonant effect of long-period waves or harbor oscillations, and its countermeasure by mooring system. From the investigation, it is confirmed that the low-frequency motions of ships are induced by a resonance between surge motions and long-period waves or harbor oscillations and an asymmetry in the mooring system, and affect safe ship mooring and operation efficiency of cargo handling in ports and harbors significantly.     

智能货运船舶研究现状与发展思考

智能货运船舶是涉及船舶设计、动力组成、状态感知、信息处理、通信控制、风险辨识、人工智能等多学科交叉的研究领域,其发展旨在使水路运输更安全、更环保、更经济.首先,分析货运船舶自主控制与决策的特点与难点,阐述国内外智能货运船舶的研究现状;然后,从智能航行、智能机舱和远程驾驶等技术方面,展望未来智能货运船舶的发展方向;最后,...     

A simulation study on the design of flexible cargo holds in small-sized bulk ships

A simulation study on the design of flexible cargo holds in small-sized bulk ships is presented. The ships considered are equipped with moveable bulkheads which can be placed in a given number of positions in the cargo hold. In this way the ships' cargo holds can be partitioned into several smaller holds with flexible sizes, and several cargoes can be lifted simultaneously by the same ship. The simulation study deals with designing an optimal cargo hold 'configuration' which gives the best flexibility when cargo quantities vary. The results show that there are significant potential savings by finding an optimal cargo hold configuration.