HFF6127G03EV纯电动客车整车开发

简要介绍HFF6127G03EV纯电动客车整车的开发和高压电气件及驱动控制系统的设计;采用轮边电驱桥和铝合金车身等新技术、新材料,对整车匹配进行优化,以提高整车的动力性、安全性、节能和环保性能。     

梯度碳纤维复合材料/铝合金复合多胞管斜压失稳研究

以碳纤维复合材料 （Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic,CFRP） /铝合金复合多胞吸能管为研究对象,建立基于试验验证的高精度有限元模型,对比分析了CFRP/铝合金复合单胞管与多胞管在多角度斜向压缩工况下的动力学响应,阐明CFRP/铝合金复合多胞管的优缺点,解析CFRP与铝合金的吸能贡献机制。针对CFRP/铝合金多胞管大角度工况下的斜压失稳问题,提出一种基于CFRP梯度缠绕策略的失稳控制方法,明确了以CFRP正向梯度缠绕铝合金复合多胞管为基础构型的解决方案。通过对梯度厚度差值与梯度层数进行参数化研究,建立了高效精准的梯度设计策略,确保CFRP/铝合金复合多胞管在期望角度范围内始终保持稳定高效的变形模式,实现多工况综合耐撞性能的显著提升。研究 成果为多材料轻质安全车身结构的耐撞性设计提供理论指导与共性技术支撑。     

FDS技术在钢铝混合车身上的应用

随着汽车轻量化的发展,新材料、新工艺不断被应用,高强钢、铝合金、镁合金及碳纤维等轻质材料应用比例越来越高。多元化的材料对连接工艺和技术也带来了新的挑战,传统的电阻点焊已不再适用,包括流钻螺钉(FDS)、自冲铆接、铝点焊、结构胶等连接新工艺逐渐被主机长广泛应用。文章基于某款钢铝混合的轻量化新能源车型,介绍了铝合金减震器塔与钢制车身的流钻螺钉FDS连接设计与应用,希望能给同行以参考。     

In-situ measurement of loading stresses with X-ray diffraction for yield locus determination

The application of the X-ray diffraction method is introduced to solve the problem of inhomogeneous deformation fields in the specimens used for sheet metal characterization. In this method, strains are measured on one side of a specimen with optical measurement systems. On the other side, loading stresses on a specimen are captured with an X-ray diffractometer mounted on a universal testing machine. By this way, the whole stress-strain history of a material point is tracked during testing. The method was first applied to uniaxial tension tests, whereby the applicability of the theory of stress factors and effective X-ray elastic constants were tested. The relaxation behavior of a sheet material which shows itself as stress drops during in-situ experimentation was characterized and compensated by a visco-plastic material model for different stress states. The proposed method was applied to characterize aluminum alloy AA5182 under plane strain tension and shear conditions and the results were compared with the conventionally obtained yield locus. Numerical analyses of a workpiece with the Vegter and Yld2000-2D material models show that the enriched yield locus definition with accurate plane strain tension and shear stresses captures the experimentally obtained surface strains more precisely.     

全承载客车正面碰撞吸能器设计与验证

为开发大型全承载客车碰撞吸能器，通过整车正面碰撞有限元仿真分析，确定了吸能器合理的吸能量和压溃力，以压溃力为目标进行吸能器结构参数设计。采用铝合金和DP600钢试制了吸能器样件，通过静态压溃试验对比不同吸能器的压溃力和变形模式，并通过台车碰撞和整车碰撞试验验证吸能器性能。结果表明，铝合金吸能器的压溃变形模式稳定，材料没有撕裂现象，在正面碰撞、偏置碰撞、斜角碰撞等多种碰撞工况下都能产生良好变形，满足整车碰撞安全性的要求。     

Fracture loci of DP980 steel sheet for auto-body at intermediate strain rates

This paper introduces the effect of the strain rate on the ductile fracture of DP980 1.2t steel sheet. Tensile tests of DP980 sheet are performed at a range of strain rates from 0.001 s^?1 to 100 s^?1 with three different shapes of specimens: the diagonally notched specimen for the in-plane shear test; the dog bone specimen for the uniaxial tension test; and grooved specimen for the plane strain tension test. To trace the strain on the surface of the specimen, 2-D digital image correlation (DIC) technique is adopted to encompass the remarkable transition of the fracture characteristics including the fracture strain, loading path and strain rate sensitivity. The negative stain rate sensitivity is observed on the equivalent strain to fracture which corresponds to the experimental results at low strain rate ranging from 0.001 s^?1 to 0.1 s^?1. The transition of thermal condition from isothermal to adiabatic comes into play to increase the equivalent strain to fracture at the intermediate strain rate from 0.01 s^?1 to 1 s^?1. The fracture loci incorporating with the Lou-Huh ductile fracture criterion are developed to identify the strain rate effect in the wide regime of triaxiality.     

钢铝混合白车身在汽车轻量化中的应用及乘用车轻量化实例

在节能减排和新能源汽车长续航里程的需求下,汽车轻量化是目前最有效的手段,白车身重量占据整台汽车较大百分比,白车身轻量化是汽车减重的核心目标,目前新型轻量化设计,铝合金白车身在乘用车领域已被广泛使用,但全铝车身也存在材质本身缺陷,铝合金强度低于钢,关键强度位置无法达到碰撞要求,文章以热成型钢作为关键强度建与铝合金组成混合材质的乘用车白车身实例进行分析,比较传统的钢制车身,可使整车减重40%。并保证汽车优异碰撞性能要求。     

城市公交车身轻量化分析与设计

作为城市枢纽的公交车,采用纯电动技术可作为降低城市环境污染、减少能源消耗的切入点。目前续驶里程短是制约纯电动公交发展的主要因素。可以通过增加动力电池的电量或者对整车进行轻量化来增加续驶里程。在轻量化设计方面,对高强钢、铝合金、镁合金、工程塑料和碳纤维等几种轻量化材料进行对比分析,从中选出目前较为合适的铝合金材料。通过理论计算与设计,再通过有限元分析手段进行验证,设计出合理的车身骨架用型材截面以及连接结构。实现减重的同时保证车身结构可靠性,同时通过全生命周期中成本评估对比,发现铝合金车身可以实现降本。     

均匀应变能密度法在车身结构刚度设计的应用分析

为避免车身刚度设计出现突变或不连续的情况,本文探究了均匀应变能密度法在车身结构刚度设计的应用.首先,对车身关键区域进行划分,分析不同加载工况下车身结构不同区域的应变能密度,并获取其承载系数;其次,根据承载系数的大小对重点关注区域进行刚度调整;最后,基于均匀应变能密度设计准则进行结构更改,调整刚度,使得整体结构刚度均匀连...     

铝合金车身用紧固件技术及应用实例

为满足日益增长的铝合金车身开发过程中的零部件安装点需求,急需开发和掌握铝合金车身紧固件技术。本文将铝合金车身紧固件技术分为机械连接、焊接两大类,分别介绍了工艺原理、技术特点及应用实例,对后续新开发铝车身部件紧固件的选型具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

Analysis of neck fractures from frontal collisions at low speeds

Neck fracture is a major cause of death in traffic accidents. This pattern of injury normally occurs in a frontal collision or overturn of a vehicle. This study investigates the case of a neck fracture from a low-speed collision. In the examined case, the passenger in the front seat of the car fractured his neck and died. He did not have his seatbelt on when the vehicle slipped on a frozen road surface on a downward slope of a hill and impacted into the shoulder of the road at low speed. In this type of collision, an occupant’s body will be impacted by the windshield or other interior trim of the car. However, in this case, rather unusually, neither body tissue nor fiber remained although the collision involved a broken windshield. Thus, the reason for the passenger death was unidentified. This study applied the computer simulation package Madymo for analyzing the accident. The result of the simulation was that the passenger, who did not wear a seatbelt, moved forward due to inertia. The upper part of the passenger then rotated and lifted when the knee contacted with the dashboard. By evaluating the structural deformation of the vehicle at the front, we deduced that the collision velocity was 30 km/h. Through a computational experiment that was undertaken using Madymo 7.0, NIC was estimated to be 240 m²/s². This result far exceeded the threshold for neck injuries. In particular, in comparison with whiplash injuries, when the passenger’s head directly impacts the roof following a rear-end collision, the bending moment through hyperextension of the neck is greatly increased. In this study, we concluded that the manner of death was the hyperextension of the neck, as the passenger’s head contacted the roof from underneath.     

基于两种正面碰撞的轿车耐撞性能仿真与改进研究

以某轿车为研究对象,建立了整车有限元模型,基于GB 11551—2003《乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护》和欧洲正面碰撞法规ECE R94.01进行碰撞数值仿真,针对原车在两种正面碰撞中耐撞性能的不足,提出对主要吸能件进行结构改进与材料替换的方案。仿真计算结果表明,在整车质量仅增加3.05kg的情况下,改进方案使整车在正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞中加速度峰值降低了6.1g,在偏置40%重叠可变形壁障碰撞中乘员舱侵入量有明显减小。     

汽车用铝合金零部件的节能减排分析

基于生命周期评价的基础理论和技术框架,以铝合金轮毂为例,分析了铝合金零部件在生命周期中原材料生产、零部件生产及使用、回收再生等阶段的能耗和温室气体排放.在此基础上,定量分析了典型铝合金零部件在汽车上应用的节能减排效果,可知,应用1 kg铝可减少414～2 475 MJ的能耗和30～147 kg C02 eq的温室气体排放量;节能及减排量和钢铁部件质量与铝合金部件质量之比有关.     

EWL组合近似模型在铝车身轻量化优化中的应用

以铝车身为研究对象,基于详细接头建立了铝车身参数化概念模型,其与车身详细模型的误差控制在15%以内,满足工程开发要求。采用相对灵敏度分析法筛选出铝车身的8个关键断面作为设计变量。提出EWL组合近似模型;运用最优拉丁超立方设计（Optimal Latin Hypercube Design,OLHD）采样法分别建立基础性能的KRI、响应面法（Response Surface Methodology,RSM）、径向基函数（Radial Basis Function,RBF）法、反比例平均化（EI）法、启发式计算（EG）法和EWL组合近似模型,通过对比分析误差评价指标得出EWL组合近似模型具有最优的拟合精度和稳定性。综合运用EWL组合优化模型和组合优化算法,即全局自适应模拟退火算法（Adaptive Simulated Algorithms,ASA）和梯度序列二次规划（Non-linear Programming by Quadratic Lagrangian,NLPQL）法的组合优化策略对参数化概念铝车身模型进行轻量化优化。结果表明,在4项基础性能不降低的情况下实现铝车身质量减轻6.7 kg...     

重型越野汽车轻量化车轮设计开发

本文根据铝合金车轮在重型越野汽车上的工程应用,及其加工工艺,设计了铝合金车轮的结构型式及特性参数。并以ANSYS软件为工具,对越野汽车车轮进行受力分析,详细准确地确定了车轮的受力情况和应力分布部位,依托分析结果对车轮进行优化,达到降低车轮关键部位应力的目的。并通过实际装车试验验证,结果显示该重型越野汽车轻量化车轮产品设计的合理性、可靠性,解决了车辆轻量化的问题,提高了整车的质量利用系数。     

纯电动汽车铝合金轻量化连接技术

汽车轻量化,是指从汽车整体的安全性能和车身结构强度出发,尽可能减轻汽车车身重量,从而达到提高整车性能、增加续航里程的目的。作为新能源汽车未来的发展方向,纯电动汽车在生产制造中的轻量化研究迫在眉睫。文章主要阐述了以铝合金为代表的轻量化材料在纯电动汽车上的应用,并介绍了几种新型连接技术的特点,以对国内纯电动汽车轻量化研究提供有益借鉴。     

Seat Movement Relative to the Passenger Compartment—A Possible Method to Improve Passenger Protection During Frontal Impacts

SUMMARY

The present study is meant to prove in a theoretical way that a controlled seat movement relative to the passenger compartment will result into an improvement of passenger deceleration during vehicle frontal impacts.

This effect could be of advantage in some respects: as possible alternative for the most favourable design of the energy absorbing zones of a vehicle, as an additional safety device for the occupants of heavy vehicles with relatively soft impact absorbing zones in case of crashes against rigid obstacles, and in small vehicles where only little space exists for passenger protection.

With regard to the complexity of this subject, the study at hand must be regarded as a first step towards the final solution of the problem.     

电动汽车用7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊性能研究

为了解决电动汽车电池能量密度不达标问题,电池壳采用7075铝合金代替6系铝合金,研究7075铝合金焊接性能,分别对7075和7075-T6进行搅拌摩擦焊,及对7075焊后T6热处理,并且焊后进行力学性能对比分析及显微组织观察。得出结论:未经热处理的7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝系数可达0.96;热处理后焊缝抗拉强度有所提升,但焊前热处理强度提升明显;焊前热处理和焊后热处理的焊缝抗拉强度与转速/焊接速度具有相同的变化趋势,均在转速1600r/min,焊接速度600/min时获得较高抗拉强度。为实际生产过程中7075铝合金的热处理及焊接状态的选择提供参考。     

汽车覆盖件用冷轧薄钢板拉延成型性能微机测试系统

冷轧薄钢板的拉延成型性能对汽车覆盖件成型工艺具有重要影响，快速、准确地测量冷轧薄钢板成型性能是对覆盖件成型工艺进行质量控制的前提条件。提出了普通材料试验机的板材成型性能测试专项功能技术升级方案，研制了汽车覆盖件用冷轧薄钢板拉延成型性能微机测试系统，该系统在天津市微型汽车厂和天津三峰客车有限公司的运行结果表明，效果良好。     

考虑损伤下的汽车吸能盒轴向压缩特性研究

用有限元软件ABAQUS对钢质、铝合金质吸能盒的吸能特性进行对比研究，采用不同的损伤模型模拟材料的变形行为，比较了两种吸能盒轴向压缩距离、变形模式、评价指标的变化特性。结果表明，数值模拟下吸能盒的轴向压缩距离和变形模式与试验结果吻合。在冲击速度为10 m/s的低速碰撞下，铝合金质吸能盒吸收的能量与钢质吸能盒相比减少了6%；钢质吸能盒的吸能效率为35.5 kJ/mm，比铝合金质吸能盒高。铝合金质吸能盒相较于钢质吸能盒在压缩过程中形成了明显的折叠褶皱，边缘处材料失效，单元被移除。吸能盒的评价指标中铝合金质吸能盒的比吸能 （SEA）、峰值碰撞力 （PCF） 均比钢质吸能盒更优，钢质吸能盒的吸能量 （EA）、平均碰撞力 （MCF） 比铝合金质吸能盒更优。铝合金相比钢更适合作为中低速碰撞时车用吸能盒的材料。