某直立式护岸挡浪墙顶高程设计与验证

顶部设置弧形返浪墙的直立式护岸的堤顶越浪量相对于不设弧形返浪墙的情况小,挡浪墙顶高程设计值可降低。以某直立式护岸挡浪墙顶高程设计为例,按照现行相关规范进行挡浪墙高程计算,然后根据相关文献提出的经验公式进行越浪量计算,为了确定最为经济、合理的挡浪墙顶高程,采用物理模型试验进行越浪量验证,对物模试验的实测越浪量及经验公式计算越浪量进行对比分析,最终确定弧形返浪墙顶高程。     

带挡浪墙斜坡堤在满足越浪要求下的高程优化试验研究

采用反弧形挡浪墙可以降低越浪量,但受力加大;越浪量随堤顶高程增高而降低,为在较低的高程满足越浪量和稳定性的要求,应用波浪断面物理模型试验,对L型挡浪墙和反弧形挡浪墙、不同的挡浪墙顶高程和斜坡坡度,以及增加挡浪墙前护面块体数量即肩台宽度等措施进行了对比研究。成果表明,反弧形挡浪墙容易倾覆失稳,增加挡浪墙前肩台宽度可以减少越浪并增强挡浪墙的稳定性。且根据研究成果总结,提出了在工程上常采用的减少越浪措施,可为工程设计提供参考。     

斜坡式海堤挡浪墙稳定性试验研究

通过模型试验验证了波浪作用下斜坡式海堤各设计方案的挡浪墙及其它各部位的稳定性,并观测了堤顶的越浪情况。为增强海堤挡浪墙的稳定性,对斜坡式海堤断面提出了两种调整方案:一种为改变挡浪墙形式、加大挡浪墙重量;另一种为优化斜坡式海堤海侧坡面的结构形式,抬高护面戗台及护面肩台的顶高程。结果表明,本试验中抬高海堤护面戗台及护面肩台的高度,使部分大浪在块石护面处破碎,减小了波浪对挡浪墙的作用力。增强挡浪墙的稳定性效果较好。     

基于Fluent斜坡海堤挡浪墙受力特性数值计算研究

海堤是沿海地区防潮减灾体系中重要建筑物,文章以通州湾腰沙围垦二期通道工程为例,采用Fluent软件流体体积法模型构建数值波浪水槽,对海堤工程挡浪墙波浪力进行数值模拟,重点分析与研究直立型和半圆弧型挡浪墙随水深、波高、波长等参数变化时,挡浪墙迎浪面波压力分布以及波浪力大小变化规律。研究表明半圆弧挡浪墙具有反向挑浪减小墙顶越浪作用,同时墙体承受的波浪力明显大于直立型挡浪墙,在最不利水位及波要素组合下,半圆弧挡浪墙面承受的波浪力增大幅度为30%,为减少墙顶越浪量,大型岸外沙洲围堤工程采用半圆弧型挡浪墙是较好选型。     

黄骅港某原油码头后方罐区护岸顶高程的研究

以黄骅港某原油码头工程为例,根据码头使用要求,通过物理模型试验,以越浪量为控制标准,对该码头后方护岸挡浪墙顶高程及其结构型式进行研究分析,最终得出最优方案,为以后类似的工程设计提供经验。     

不规则波作用下斜坡堤越浪量试验研究

通过物理模型试验,研究不规则波作用下挡浪墙顶高度、宽平台长度及高度、波高和消浪墩等因素对越浪量的影响,发现挡浪墙、平台和消浪墩对减小越浪量有较好的作用。将现有计算越浪量公式值与实际物模试验值进行比较,推荐了越浪量计算方法。     

港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程海堤越浪量的优化设计

为安全可靠地降低防浪墙顶高程,在分析国内外规范对越浪量标准界定的基础上,为港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程海堤拟定了运营工况、设计工况和校核工况这3种工况组合和相应的允许越浪量标准,结合物理模型试验,对海堤越浪量进行优化设计,使人工岛地面与挡浪墙之间的高差减少到人体正常身高范围,可为过境旅客提供海天一色的景观视线。     

港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程海堤越浪量的优化设计

为安全可靠地降低防浪墙顶高程,在分析国内外规范对越浪量标准界定的基础上,为港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程海堤拟定了运营工况、设计工况和校核工况这3种工况组合和相应的允许越浪量标准,结合物理模型试验,对海堤越浪量进行优化设计,使人工岛地面与挡浪墙之间的高差减少到人体正常身高范围,可为过境旅客提供海天一色的景观视线。     

天津临港工业区围海造陆一期工程防潮标准及高程设计探讨

根据天津临港工业区一期工程开发建设规划，结合自然条件和工程建设实际，介绍其防潮工程的设计原则、防潮体系划分、防潮标准，并进行分析研究。同时，确定其陆域形成、围堤及挡浪墙的设计顶高程，以满足保障临港工业区防潮安全的要求，并节省投资。     

国内外斜坡堤挡浪墙水平波浪力计算研究

本文通过研究国内外5种斜坡堤挡浪墙水平波浪力计算公式,从波浪要素、墙底高程、肩宽大小、掩护情况、斜坡堤坡度和适用范围6个方面进行对比分析,并辅以设置不同工况进行实例对比计算。结果表明国标公式因采用波浪参数较小使得波浪力计算结果偏小,且其采用固定折减系数考虑墙前掩护结构影响,对挡浪墙结构设计指导性不足;BS6349-7公式和Jensen&Bradbury公式简单,其计算结果的经验性较强;改进的Pedersen公式和Martin公式参数考虑因素较为全面,且Martin公式适用范围较广。本文研究对斜坡堤挡浪墙设计有理论指导意义。     

具有阶梯状海底的表面穿透柔性多孔屏障结构斜波捕获（英文）

The present study deals with the oblique wave trapping by a surface-piercing flexible porous barrier near a rigid wall in the presence of step-type bottoms under the assumptions of small amplitude water waves and the structural response theory in finite water depth. The modified mild-slope equation along with suitable jump conditions and the least squares approximation method are used to handle the mathematical boundary value problem. Four types of edge conditions, i.e., clamped-moored, clamped-free,moored-free, and moored-moored, are considered to keep the barrier at a desired position of interest. The role of the flexible porous barrier is studied by analyzing the reflection coefficient, surface elevation, and wave forces on the barrier and the rigid wall. The effects of step-type bottoms, incidence angle, barrier length, structural rigidity, porosity, and mooring angle are discussed. The study reveals that in the presence of a step bottom, full reflection can be found periodically with an increase in(i) wave number and(ii) distance between the barrier and the rigid wall. Moreover, nearly zero reflection can be found with a suitable combination of wave and structural parameters, which is desirable for creating a calm region near a rigid wall in the presence of a step bottom.     

Oblique wave trapping by vertical permeable membrane barriers located near a wall

The effectiveness of a vertical partial flexible porous membrane wave barrier located near a rigid vertical impermeable seawall for trapping obliquely incident surface gravity waves are analyzed in water of uniform depth under the assumption of linear water wave theory and small amplitude membrane barrier response. From the general formulation of the submerged membrane barrier, results for bottom-standing and surface-piercing barriers are computed and analyzed in special cases. Using the eigenfunction expansion method, the boundary-value problems are converted into series relations and then the required unknowns are obtained using the least squares approximation method. Various physical quantities of interests like reflection coefficient, wave energy dissipation, wave forces acting on the membrane barrier and the seawall are computed and analyzed for different values of the wave and structural parameters. The study will be useful in the design of the membrane wave barrier for the creation of tranquility zone in the lee side of the barrier to protect the seawall.     

存在底部起伏影响的近壁面处双层多孔栅栏陷波研究（英文）

Trapping of oblique surface gravity waves by dual porous barriers near a wall is studied in the presence of step type varying bottom bed that is connected on both sides by water of uniform depths. The porous barriers are assumed to be fixed at a certain distance in front of a vertical rigid wall. Using linear water wave theory and Darcy's law for flow past porous structure, the physical problem is converted into a boundary value problem. Using eigenfunction expansion in the uniform bottom bed region and modified mild-slope equation in the varying bottom bed region, the mathematical problem is handled for solution. Moreover, certain jump conditions are used to account for mass conservation at slope discontinuities in the bottom bed profile. To understand the effect of dual porous barriers in creating tranquility zone and minimum load on the sea wall, reflection coefficient, wave forces acting on the barrier and the wall, and surface wave elevation are computed and analyzed for different values of depth ratio, porous-effect parameter, incident wave angle, gap between the barriers and wall and slope length of undulated bottom. The study reveals that with moderate porosity and suitable gap between barriers and sea wall, using dual barriers an effective wave trapping system can be developed which will exert less wave force on the barriers and the rigid wall. The proposed wave trapping system is likely to be of immense help for protecting various facilities/infrastructures in coastal environment.     

涌浪作用下岛式防波堤堤顶高程设计

岛式防波相对于常规的接岸式防波堤结构,其功能更为简单明确,即为单个码头提供掩护。在考虑到工程的整体经济效益,满足其特定使用功能的前提下,岛式防波堤堤顶高程设计标准可适当降低。基于实际工程项目,采用欧标计算防波堤堤顶越浪量及防波堤堤后有效传递波高。根据越浪量及有效传递波高的控制要求,确定岛式防波堤堤顶高程,并通过物理模型试验对岛式防波堤堤顶设计高程进行验证。     

秦皇岛港化工泊位码头面高程确定及泊稳条件试验研究

通过波浪整体物理模型试验,对秦皇岛港拟建化工泊位工程码头前沿波峰面高程、波高分布以及码头上水等情况进行测定。根据对试验数据的分析结果,码头上水情况与码头前沿波峰面高度基本吻合,同时通过对码头泊稳条件的分析,得到码头泊位波浪年损失作业天数。试验结果为工程设计、建设提供了科学依据。     

Second-order wave run-up on a vertical cylinder adjacent to a plane wall based on the application of quadratic transfer function in bi-directional waves

A numerical model was developed in this study to simulate the wave diffraction caused by an arbitrarily shaped structure in the presence of bi-directional incident waves based on a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). Based on the developed model, the wave elevation quadratic transfer function (QTF) in bi-directional waves, which is defined as the second-order wave elevation caused by two incident waves of unit amplitude from two directions, can be determined. The developed model was subsequently used to investigate the wave interaction with a cylinder situated near a vertical wall. The image principle was applied to transform the original problem into an equivalent one of wave diffraction caused by two symmetrical cylinders in open seas exposed to bi-directional incident waves. The second-order wave run-up on the cylinder can then be determined using the wave elevation QTF obtained from an analysis of the equivalent problem. A detailed numerical analysis was then conducted. Numerical results revealed that the presence of the vertical wall can apparently disturb the wave diffraction process from the cylinder, and lead to significantly amplified second-order wave elevation within the region between the wall and cylinder. In addition, the respective contribution from the first- and second-order components to the overall wave elevation around the cylinder was discussed.     

汕头港广澳港区防波堤顶高程计算及模型验证

防波堤顶高程是决定防波堤造价的主要因素之一。为有效控制投资,通过采用斜向浪折减、波浪爬高方法计算堤顶高程,并进行模型验证分析。得出在2 a一遇的波浪作用下,防波堤顶高程的降低对港内泊稳条件的影响很小。因此,在确定防波堤顶高程时应结合其功能特点、使用、防护要求,选择合适防波堤高程控制标准及计算方法,进而确定防波堤的顶高程。     

Nonlinear random motion analysis of coupled heave-pitch motions of a spar platform considering 1st-order and 2nd-order wave loads

In this study, we consider first- and second-order random wave loads and the effects of time-varying displacement volume and transient wave elevation to establish motion equations of the Spar platform’s coupled heave-pitch. We generated random wave loads based on frequency-domain wave load transfer functions and the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) wave spectrum, designed program codes to solve the motion equations, and then simulated the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform in the time domain. We then calculated and compared the motion responses in different sea conditions and separately investigated the effects of second-order random wave loads and transient wave elevation. The results show that the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform are primarily dominated by wave height and the characteristic wave period, the latter of which has a greater impact. Second-order mean wave loads mainly affect the average heave value. The platform’s pitch increases after the second-order low frequency wave loads are taken into account. The platform’s heave is underestimated if the transient wave elevation term in the motion equations is neglected.     

考虑一阶和二阶力spar平台垂荡-纵摇非线性耦合运动时域分析（英文）

In this study, the coupled heave-pitch motion equations of a spar platform were established by considering 1st-order and 2nd-order random wave loads and the effects of time-varying displacement volume and transient wave elevation. We generated random wave loads based on frequency-domain wave load transfer functions and the Joint North Sea Wave Project(JONSWAP) wave spectrum, designed program codes to solve the motion equations, and then simulated the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform in the time domain. We then calculated and compared the motion responses in different sea conditions and separately investigated the effects of 2nd-order random wave loads and transient wave elevation. The results show that the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform are primarily dominated by wave height and the characteristic wave period, the latter of which has a greater impact. 2nd-order mean wave loads mainly affect the average heave value. The platform's pitch increases after the 2nd-order low frequency wave loads are taken into account. The platform's heave is underestimated if the transient wave elevation term in the motion equations is neglected.     

越浪对斜坡式护岸后方危险品管廊的影响

随着极端灾害天气的增多,建港条件恶化,已建斜坡式护岸不能对后续建设的危险品管廊形成安全掩护。论证掩护危险品管廊斜坡式护岸的防潮、防浪和越浪量标准,采用规范公式计算掩护危险品管廊的斜坡式护岸堤顶高程,通过波浪断面物理模型试验研究越浪量、越浪水面线、越浪落水点位置和波浪力,分析越浪对斜坡式护岸后方危险品管廊的影响,提出堤顶高程无法满足越浪量控制标准的管廊建设方案。