考虑一阶和二阶力spar平台垂荡-纵摇非线性耦合运动时域分析（英文）

In this study, the coupled heave-pitch motion equations of a spar platform were established by considering 1st-order and 2nd-order random wave loads and the effects of time-varying displacement volume and transient wave elevation. We generated random wave loads based on frequency-domain wave load transfer functions and the Joint North Sea Wave Project(JONSWAP) wave spectrum, designed program codes to solve the motion equations, and then simulated the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform in the time domain. We then calculated and compared the motion responses in different sea conditions and separately investigated the effects of 2nd-order random wave loads and transient wave elevation. The results show that the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform are primarily dominated by wave height and the characteristic wave period, the latter of which has a greater impact. 2nd-order mean wave loads mainly affect the average heave value. The platform's pitch increases after the 2nd-order low frequency wave loads are taken into account. The platform's heave is underestimated if the transient wave elevation term in the motion equations is neglected.     

Truss Spar平台非线性垂荡-纵摇耦合随机运动分析(英文)

Considering the static stability and the change of the displacement volume, including the influences of higher order nonlinear terms and the instantaneous wave surface, the nonlinear coupled heave-pitch motion was established in stochastic waves. The responses of heave-pitch coupling motion for the Truss Spar platform were investigated. It was found that, when the characteristic frequency of a stochastic wave is close to the natural heave frequency, the large amplitude pitch motion is induced under the parametric-forced excitation, which is called the Mathieu instability. It was observed that the heave mode energy is transferred to pitch mode when the heave motion amplitude exceeds a certain extent. In addition, the probability of internal resonant heave-pitch motion is greatly reduced while the characteristic wave frequency is away from the natural heave frequency.     

Spar平台垂荡一纵摇耦合运动的不稳定性

研究了深水Spar平台垂荡—纵摇耦合不稳定运动的形式和条件。以经典Spar平台为例,基于垂荡包络线概念,分析了平台垂荡—纵摇耦合运动的相互放大效应及"舞动"运动。结果表明,当垂荡包络线周期与纵摇固有周期相等时,纵摇运动失稳;因纵摇对垂荡的耦合影响,垂荡幅值不断增大,同时垂荡运动的变化又影响纵摇运动,使得纵摇幅值小幅度增加,平台运动存在相互放大效应。纵摇失稳后,Spar平台将处在一种奇特的"舞动"运动形式。     

深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析

文章基于三维时域势流理论和弹性细长杆理论,研究并提出了深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析方法。该方法采用时域物面非线性理论方法在瞬态位置直接时域模拟系泊浮体所需水动力,结合有限元方法计算系泊缆索的动力响应,利用异步耦合方法实现浮体和系泊缆索的时域耦合动力求解。既满足系泊浮体时域水动力耦合,又满足系泊浮体和系泊缆索动力耦合。通过对二阶非线性不规则波作用下深海系泊半潜式平台的时域耦合响应特性进行研究,将不同海况下物面非线性时域耦合静力响应和动力响应与间接时域耦合动力响应的三种方法计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明,系泊缆索动力响应明显,平台瞬态空间位置对垂荡低频运动影响较大,有必要在平台瞬时湿表面采用动力响应方法进行深海系泊浮体时域耦合响应分析。     

Internal Resonances for the Heave Roll and Pitch Modes of a Spar Platform Considering Wave and Vortex Exciting Loads in Heave Main Resonance

The objective of this paper is to study the nonlinear coupling internal resonance of the heave, roll, and pitch response performance of a spar platform when their frequencies are in the ratio of 2:1:1 under wave and vortex exciting loads. The three degree-of-freedom (DOF) nonlinear coupled equations are established by considering a time-varying wet surface with a first-order wave force in heave and pitch and a vortex-induced force in roll. The first-order steady-state response is solved using the multi-scale method in heave main resonance. The multiple solutions of the motion equations are discussed using the analytic method and a numerical simulation. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the influence of the damping and internal detuning parameter. The regions of multiple solutions are found, and the jump phenomenon exists with the changes of the wave excitation. The regions of multiple solutions depend on the values of damping and detuning parameter.     

波激和涡激Spar平台在垂荡主共振时垂荡、横摇和纵摇内共振响应（英文）

The objective of this paper is to study the nonlinear coupling internal resonance of the heave, roll, and pitch response performance of a spar platform when their frequencies are in the ratio of 2:1:1 under wave and vortex exciting loads.The three degree-of-freedom(DOF) nonlinear coupled equations are established by considering a time-varying wet surface with a first-order wave force in heave and pitch and a vortex-induced force in roll. The first-order steady-state response is solved using the multi-scale method in heave main resonance. The multiple solutions of the motion equations are discussed using the analytic method and a numerical simulation. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the influence of the damping and internal detuning parameter. The regions of multiple solutions are found, and the jump phenomenon exists with the changes of the wave excitation. The regions of multiple solutions depend on the values of damping and detuning parameter.     

畸形波作用下半潜式平台的极限生存能力评估

极限海浪可能对海洋平台的安全造成极大的威胁,故合理地评估平台在此海况下的运动响应和系泊缆索的动张力响应对平台设计具有重要意义。文章首先利用新波理论和随机海浪理论建立了畸形波入射波模型。然后利用间接时域方法和非线性有限元法分别建立了平台主体运动和系泊缆索动力响应的求解方程,并根据导缆孔的平衡方程建立了平台主体和系泊缆索的时域耦合运动方程。最后深入分析了某半潜平台在畸形波作用下的运动响应和系泊缆索的动张力响应,对平台的极限生存能力进行了评估。     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

Response analysis of a truss spar in the frequency domain

The nonzero added-mass coefficients of a platform are found by using the transformation law for a second-order tensor, and the repeated application of the parallel-axes theorem. The excitation forces acting on the truss section of the platform are derived by an approach that differs from the conventional one commonly seen in the literature. The force decomposition of the Morison equation is used to add viscous effects to linear equations of motion. The nonlinear equation of motion for the heave of the truss spar is solved without any iteration in the frequency domain. The results obtained from this analysis are compared with results obtained from the conventional numerical approach and with experimental data.     

Accelerated second-order hydrodynamic load calculation on semi-submersible floaters

A rapid method for calculation of second-order hydrodynamic wave loads on semi-submersible platforms is developed and validated against radiation–diffraction theory. The method is based on slender-body theory and builds on modal truncation of the quadratic transfer function (QTF). The semi-submersible floater is split into individual members and the existing theory for vertical cylindrical columns is extended to include the heave force. Further expressions for the surge, heave and pitch load on the horizontal pontoons are derived and implemented. The accuracy of the method is assessed by comparison to radiation–diffraction results using the Pinkster approximation. We find that the slender-body approximation for the column surge force is most accurate for small values of the diameter-to-draft ratio. For the three sea states considered, this error is below 10% for diameter-to-draft ratios less than 0.2.Error analysis is provided for the column heave and pitch and the pontoon loads. For all members, application of 128 modes in the QTF approximation is found sufficient to accurately represent the full slender-body QTF solution.Next, the first- and second-order loads on the full floater under different sea state conditions are compared to radiation–diffraction theory. With 128 modes, the second-order loads are obtained 2500 times faster than with conventional approaches with error levels of 22% for surge, 10% for pitch and zero error for heave. The surge error is discussed and linked to the small draft of the columns. The numerical efficiency of the method allows the consideration of second-order loads in the first stages of the design and optimisation of semi-submersible floaters.     

浮式风机气动-水动耦合特性数值模拟（英文）

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.     

桁架式Spar平台与系泊/立管系统的全时域非线性耦合动态分析

开发了对浮式平台系统进行耦合动态分析的全时域程序。采用二阶时域方法计算水动力荷载,在此方法中,对物面边界条件和自由水面边界条件进行泰勒级数展开,利用Stokes摄动展开分别建立相应的一阶、二阶边值问题,而且此边值问题的计算域不随时间变化。采用高阶边界元方法计算每一时刻流场中的速度势,利用四阶预报校正法对二阶自由水面边界条件进行数值积分。在自由表面加入一个人工阻尼层来避免波浪的反射。对于系泊缆索/立管/张力腿的动力分析,在一个总体坐标系中对控制方程进行描述,采用基于细长杆理论的有限元方法进行求解。在耦合动态分析中,采用Newmark方法对平台和系泊缆索/立管/张力腿的运动方程同时进行求解。利用开发的耦合分析程序对一个桁架式Spar平台的运动响应进行了数值模拟,给出了平台的位移和系泊缆索/立管上端点的张力,并得到了一些重要结论。     

6级海况下波浪补偿装置平台的机构优化设计

为缩短波浪补偿装置平台的研发周期,以某型号风电安装船为研究对象,根据我国海洋部门提出的东海区域谱密度公式,运用Matlab软件分别模拟出6级海况下的波普密度曲线、波倾角变化曲线、该型号风力发电船的横摇、纵摇和升沉运动曲线.具体以风力发电船在6级海况下的横摇、纵摇和升沉运动范围约束平台机构的运动范围,采用遗传算法对平台机构进行优化,分别设定不同机构参数为目标函数进行局部优化,最终为平台结构的合理化设计提供数据支持.     

迎浪规则波中小水线面双体船纵向运动及波浪载荷非线性特性数值分析

基于RANS方程和VOF模型求解船体粘性兴波流场,开展了小水线面双体船(Small Waterplane Area Twin Hulls,SWATH)迎浪规则波中纵向运动及波浪载荷的非线性特性研究.通过数值计算结果与模型试验结果的对比分析,验证了文中方法的有效性;在此基础上,较为系统地分析了SWATH船的垂荡及纵摇运动响应、垂向加速度和波浪载荷的一阶及二阶量随入射波高的变化规律,指出SWATH船的运动响应及载荷与波高存在非线性的关系,尤其体现在响应共振区附近;相比于船体垂荡和纵摇运动,垂向加速度及波浪载荷的非线性特性更为显著.     

超宽“海上渔场”海运砰击数值模拟与分析

考虑到半潜船海上运输超宽悬垂货物过程中可能发生波浪砰击,提出利用波浪势流理论及超宽悬垂货物海运过程中砰击控制条件的数值模拟方法,以半潜式“海上渔场”载运为例,利用OCTOPUS软件建立计算模型,模拟海运过程中不同海况、航行吃水及航速情况下,船舶横摇、纵摇、垂荡、“海上渔场”砰击发生概率及砰击载荷的变化情况,“海上渔场”海运过程砰击数值模拟结果与工程实际数据十分吻合,验证了数值模拟方法的合理、可行。     

频率散射对船舶垂荡与纵摇耦合运动的影响

为研究遭遇频率散射现象对船舶垂荡与纵摇耦合运动所造成的影响,以某船为研究对象,假设船舶在顶浪航行,通过船舶纵向速度振荡产生频率散射。基于弗汝德—克雷洛夫假定,推导并得到了垂荡与纵摇耦合运动响应方程。采用切片法计算了耦合运动方程中的水动力系数。通过理论求解方法验证了数值求解耦合运动方程的准确性。同时,还分析了散射强度和散射频率单独对耦合运动的影响,以及两者对耦合运动的综合影响。结果表明,增大散射强度和散射频率可以减弱垂荡和纵摇耦合运动及其剧烈程度。     

Experimental and numerical study of the effects of heave plate on the motion of a new deep draft multi-spar platform

The heave motion of a floating structure is critical, as a favorable heave characteristic permits dry tree systems, amongst other benefits. The heave response can be suppressed by installing heave plates. However, the associated hydrodynamic effects, which include viscous damping and added mass, are very complicated. Moreover, there are limited experimental investigations to understand the heave plate effects on actual platform designs. This paper aims to study the abovementioned issue based on a novel deep draft multi-spar (DDMS) platform, for four different configurations (with/without upper and lower heave plates). A set of experiments (free decay, regular and irregular wave tests) are conducted, and compared with time domain and linearized frequency domain analyses. Amongst other things, the investigations and discussions include the added mass and damping coefficients for the platform and heave plates, comparison of experimental and numerical results, and the influence of the heave plates on the surge, heave and pitch motions.     

半潜式平台耦合动力响应分析

由于海洋这一特殊的环境,半潜式平台在海上会受到风、浪、流的联合作用,使得半潜式平台产生六自由度方向的运动,影响平台的作业,因此,进行平台运动响应预报及系泊线强度校核就显得尤为重要。本文选择在1000 m水深的情况下,分别在时域和频域条件下对半潜式平台运动响应进行数值模拟,预报在频域和时域条件下半潜式平台运动响应,并对比分析在时域条件下不同风、浪、流组合工况下平台升沉运动幅值,计算设计的平台系泊线拉力,并进行强度校核。     

波浪运动补偿平台广义升沉位移的实时预报

具有波浪运动补偿功能的稳定平台可有效减少船舶在风浪中的摇摆和升沉运动对某些海上作业和设备的影响.为了有效地进行波浪运动补偿,需要对该平台的广义升沉位移(横摇、纵摇以及升沉的耦合作用结果)进行极短时预报.本文采用时间序列分析理论中的自回归(AR)模型作为预报模型,对波浪运动补偿平台的广义升沉位移进行极短时预报.在以往的研究中,通常采用递推最小二乘法AR模型进行在线参数估计.但是采用递推最小二乘法进行参数估计容易引起参数爆发,从而影响AR模型的稳定性.针对该问题,本文采用阻尼递推最小二乘法对AR模型进行在线参数估计,并结合实验获得的平台控制点的广义升沉位移数据进行实时建模预报.仿真结果表明,采用阻尼递推最小二乘法进行参数估计能抑制参数爆发,并能提高AR模型实时预报精度.