新型小水线面双体船阻力和耐波性数值模拟分析（英文）

The hydrodynamic analysis of a new semi-small waterplane area twin hull(SWATH) suitable for various applications such as small and medium size passenger ferries is presented. This may be an attractive crossover configuration resulting from the merging of two classical shapes: a conventional SWATH and a fast catamaran. The final hull design exhibits a wedge-like waterline shape with the maximum beam at the stern; the hull ends with a very narrow entrance angle, has a prominent bulbous bow typical of SWATH vessels, and features full stern to arrange waterjet propellers. Our analysis aims to perform a preliminary assessment of the hydrodynamic performance of a hull with such a complex shape both in terms of resistance of the hull in calm water and seakeeping capability in regular head waves and compare the performance with that of a conventional SWATH. The analysis is performed using a boundary element method that was preliminarily validated on a conventional SWATH vessel.     

首升力体、首鳍/尾板与船体水动力相互干扰与匹配研究

升力体技术已被CFD、缩比模型试验和实船试验证实,在零航速与有航速情况下均可减小船舶在波浪中的运动响应,提高船舶耐波性。该文以数值计算为主要技术手段,结合模型试验验证,开展了首升力体、首鳍/尾板与船体水动力相互干扰与匹配研究。首先,采用自由船模拖曳的数值模拟方法,开展了基于快速性的首升力体与船体位置匹配研究,获得了首升力体在船体上的较佳位置;其次,对首升力体加装首鳍,分析了首升力体、首鳍组合与船体水动力相互干扰,获得了复合初步船型方案;再次,对复合初步船型方案加装尾板,讨论了首升力体、首鳍、尾板组合与船体水动力相互干扰,获得了复合优化船型方案;最后,对复合优化船型方案在规则波中的运动响应进行数值预报与对比分析,并预报不规则波中的减摇效果。文中的研究成果可为后续首升力体在单体船上的应用提供技术支撑。     

小水线面双体船总振动计算与试验研究

小水线面双体船是一种耐波性较好的双体船,其水线面较小,但湿表面较大,使得附加质量对船体的振动特性影响较大。运用三维水弹性分析方法,以干模态为主坐标,分析小水线面双体船的振动特性。综合考虑波浪中附加质量的影响,得到小水线双体船的各阶主要总振型。同时,对实船进行了总体振型测试,得到相应的振型。计算与试验的结果对比分析显示,它们在该船的各主要振型模态上较为吻合,振型频率也一致,说明测试方法合理,数值计算方法可行。     

小水面双体船结构优化分析

分析某型号小水线面双体船在2种航态下的结构强度问题,并在此基础上实现该船体结构的优化,以达到提高结构总体性能,减小结构重量并降低结构重心之目的.在研究中,根据 CCS 规范计算双体船结构的外载荷,并用有限元法进行结构强度分析.最后,通过集成多学科优化平台,以遗传算法为搜索策略,同时对2种航态下的船体结构进行优化.数值计算表明,优化结果具有可行性,可为现实设计提供参考.     

Dynamic response of a SWATH vessel for installing pre-assembled floating wind turbines

New and efficient installation concepts which can reduce the cost of developing an offshore wind farm are of particular interest. This paper explores a promising concept using the small water-plane area twin-hull vessel (SWATH) to install pre-assembled wind turbines (OWT) onto floating spar foundations. A focus is placed on the hydrodynamic performance of the SWATH and the response analysis of the coupled SWATH-spar system. Firstly, the numerically calculated difference-frequency wave force effect and damping forces of the original SWATH were verified with experimental data. Secondly, the original SWATH was modified to satisfy the criteria of weight-carrying capacity and hydrostatic stability. Thirdly, a multibody numerical model for the SWATH-spar system was developed, in which the hydrodynamic and mechanical couplings between the SWATH and a spar were considered. The SWATH is equipped with a dynamic positioning system to counteract the slow-drift wave force effects. The nonlinear time-domain simulations were carried out for the mating stage when a wind turbine is lifted above the spar foundation. Based on the analysis of statistics of the relative displacement and velocity of the tower bottom and the spar top, the installation concept with SWATH is found to be of decent performance. Finally, recommendations are provided for future research on this concept, which contributes to developing next-generation installation concepts for bottom-fixed and floating wind farms.     

水弹性力学在SWATH船体结构振动响应分析中的应用研究

文章以三维水弹性力学理论为基础,对小水线面双体船的船体振动响应特性进行了分析,预报了该船体在航行时受发电机激励下的振动响应,并与实船测量结果进行了对比,结论表明三维水弹性力学方法在船体受机械激励作用下对于船体振动响应的预报是有效的,可应用于工程设计。     

双体船/三体船兴波阻力数值预报方法研究

采用改进的Dawson方法,自行开发了可用于双体船、三体船兴波阻力的数值预报程序,并且考虑了高速三体船方尾的处理.利用本文的数值预报方法分别计算了一条小水线面双体船和一条三体船,验证了本文的数值预报方法在一定范围内能较合理地预报双体船、三体船的兴波阻力.此外,还讨论了该方法在三体船片体位置优化中的应用,通过和试验值对比验证了该方法可用于三体船片体布局优化.     

Underwater image bidirectional matching for localization based on SIFT

For the purpose of identifying the stern of the SWATH （Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull） availably and perfecting the detection technique of the SWATH ship＇s performance, this paper presents a novel bidirectional image registration strategy and mosaicing technique based on the scale invariant feature transform （SIFT） algorithm. The proposed method can help us observe the stern with a great visual angle for analyzing the performance of the control fins of the SWATH. SIFT is one of the most effective local features of the scale, rotation and illumination invariant. However, there are a few false match rates in this algorithm. In terms of underwater machine vision, only by acquiring an accurate match rate can we find an underwater robot rapidly and identify the location of the object. Therefore, firstly, the selection of the match ratio principle is put forward in this paper; secondly, some advantages of the bidirectional registration algorithm are concluded by analyzing the characteristics of the unidirectional matching method. Finally, an automatic underwater image splicing method is proposed on the basis of fixed dimension, and then the edge of the image＇s overlapping section is merged by the principal components analysis algorithm. The experimental results achieve a better registration and smooth mosaicing effect, demonstrating that the proposed method is effective.     

水滴型回转体带尾导管的水动力特性研究

过去在鱼雷型回转体上加尾导管的操纵性模型试验研究表明，尾导管使回转体的静稳定性显著降低，而DARPA的SUBOFF模型试验结果却显示，潜艇类回转体(主体)加尾导管(尾附件)对回转体的静稳定性没有不利的影响，而且还提高了回转体的运动稳定性。本文通过模型试验对水滴型回转体加尾导管的静稳定性以及导管的水动力特性进行了精细的研究，同时，结合CFD工具对回转体绕流进行的机理分析，得出了尾导管对主体静稳定性影响的基本结论：在有攻角的情况下，主体近表面的绕流特性主要由势伴流控制，当导管尺寸相对比较小时，尾导管的实际有效来流攻角与名义来流攻角符号相反，而产生不稳定的力矩，导致主体静稳定性反而下降。     

基于尺度不变特征的水下图像双向定位配准(英文)

For the purpose of identifying the stern of the SWATH(Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) availably and perfecting the detection technique of the SWATH ship's performance, this paper presents a novel bidirectional image registration strategy and mosaicing technique based on the scale invariant feature transform(SIFT) algorithm. The proposed method can help us observe the stern with a great visual angle for analyzing the performance of the control fins of the SWATH. SIFT is one of the most effective local features of the scale, rotation and illumination invariant. However, there are a few false match rates in this algorithm. In terms of underwater machine vision, only by acquiring an accurate match rate can we find an underwater robot rapidly and identify the location of the object. Therefore, firstly, the selection of the match ratio principle is put forward in this paper; secondly, some advantages of the bidirectional registration algorithm are concluded by analyzing the characteristics of the unidirectional matching method. Finally, an automatic underwater image splicing method is proposed on the basis of fixed dimension, and then the edge of the image's overlapping section is merged by the principal components analysis algorithm. The experimental results achieve a better registration and smooth mosaicing effect, demonstrating that the proposed method is effective.     

船艉线型对船舶阻力性能的影响

以船体阻力性能为优化对象,基于改造母型船法,分析船艉线型的改变对船舶阻力性能的影响。根据船舶主要参数设计要求,参考同类船型,利用Tribon-Lines模块对船舶艉部型线进行改造,生成两种方案船型,并通过CFX软件对母船型以及方案船型进行粘性绕流场的数值模拟,讨论不同航速下艉部线型对船体总阻力的影响。研究结果表明,在以船体阻力性能为优化对象时,选优后的方形艉在相同的航速下阻力低、消耗的功率小、形状效应小、粘压阻力和摩擦阻力也相对较小。     

一种高容积阻力比水下热滑翔机壳体外形设计

海洋温跃层的温差小,可利用的温差能的能量品质低,水下热滑翔机的热机效率较低,因此需要寻找最低阻力特性的热滑翔机壳体外形。利用水动力数值计算方法,分析了水下热滑翔机4种壳体外形的阻力成因和各自的优缺点,并采用2种不同的求解器对4种壳体外形阻力进行数值计算,不同求解器的计算结果最大偏差小于5%。提出了一个"容积阻力比"的无量纲系数,以此作为评判水下热滑翔机壳体外形综合性能的指标;将纺锤体外形与椭球体首尾外形的优点相结合,提出了水下热滑翔机的新型壳体外形。相比先前讨论的4种壳体外形,该外形具有最大的容积阻力比系数,表明该外形设计在水下热滑翔机的低阻特性与装载能力2种性能之间取得了较好的平衡和兼容。     

Design practice for the stern hull form of a twin-skeg ship

Hydrodynamic standards have been derived for the improvement of propulsive performance of twin-skeg hull forms. Three important physical observations were used in the optimization of design practice for the stern hull form of twin-skeg ships: limiting streamline pattern on the inner and outer skeg surface of a stern skeg, the balance between the flow intensity over the inner and outer skeg surface of a stern skeg and nominal wake distribution in the propeller plane. Numerical calculations and model tests have been compared to validate a CFD code used in the current work. Based on the stern flow analysis for the evaluation of self-propulsion performance, effects of stern skeg arrangement on the propulsion efficiency, i.e. the distance between skegs and the angle of the skeg with respect to shaft centerline, were intensively investigated. An optimized hull form design for a twin-skeg ship was developed using the design practice derived in this work.     

Hydrodynamic hull form optimization using parametric models

Hydrodynamic optimizations of ship hull forms have been carried out employing parametric curves generated by fairness-optimized B-Spline form parameter curves, labeled as F-Spline. Two functionalities of the parametric geometry models are used in the present study: a constrained transformation function to account for hull form variations and a geometric entity used in full parametric hull form design. The present F-Spline based optimization procedure is applied to two distinct hydrodynamic hull form optimizations: the global shape optimization of an ultra-large container ship and the forebody hull form for the hydrodynamic optimization of an LPG carrier. Improvements of ship performance achieved by the proposed F-Spline procedure are demonstrated through numerical experiments and through correlations with experimental data. The ultra-large containership was built and delivered to the ship owner. The present study validates the effectiveness of the proposed hydrodynamic optimization procedure, ushering in process automation and performance improvement in practical ship design practices.     

小水线面船触底搁浅强度分析研究

采用接触动力学理论,以MSC—DYTRAN为主要分析手段,仿真分析小水线面船触底搁浅过程,求出了典型小水线面船在触底过程中所受到的搁浅载荷、在搁浅载荷作用下的应力传播及分布规律、主要结构的强度性能,得出计算搁浅载荷的经验公式。     

基于NURBS的船体曲面重构

面向船舶CAD、静力学计算、CAM和CFD等应用,文章以建立一个具有工程应用价值的船体曲面重构系统为宗旨,采用一种改进的蒙皮法,求解船体曲面造型的NURBS曲线、曲面的反算问题.其中,利用广义站改进了船体曲面的首尾控制网格;利用节点删除优化了相容性处理后的节点数目,为船体曲面的计算机重构提供了一种良好的方案.这对船体曲面面元的自动划分,CAM船体表面板格划分和CFD结构化计算网格的生成有着重要意义.     

小水线面双体船船体总振动固有频率预报研究

小水线面双体船是近代发展的一种新船型，不同于常规船型的单体船，其总振动模态计算非常特殊。应用有限元法进行小水线面双体船船体总振动的计算分析，结果表明该船总振动特性满足船体振动储备要求，可以认为该船的振动性能良好。     

高速排水型舰船加装尾板的节能机理

尾板是加装在高速排水型船尾封板端板处沿船体向后延伸的一块短板,是一种方便和简单的节能措施,本文主要研究其节能的原因.通过大量的模型试验结果分析和对某舰有无尾板的CFD理论计算,并与高速水面快艇加装尾板减阻机理的比较发现:排水型船的节能机理有所不同,尾部压力分布的变化是高速排水型船加装尾板节能的主要原因.     

小水线面双体船操纵性数值预报方法研究

文章基于粘性流体理论,采用CFD技术,通过对双体船变漂角旋臂运动的模拟,得到代表小水线面双体船舶操纵性能的水动力导数。利用MMG模型,对小水线面双体船的操纵性能进行初步预报。根据变漂角旋臂运动的数值模拟,既可从中得到仅仅与漂角和角速度有关的水动力导数,也可获得包括高阶导数和耦合导数在内的操纵性运动水动力导数。文章在保留三阶水动力导数的情况下,将代入高阶耦合水动力导数的操纵运动方程所绘制的回转圈与不代入高阶耦合水动力导数的回转圈进行对比,体现了高阶耦合水动力导数对于小水线面双体船操纵性预报的重要性,并以某双体船型为例,对其操纵性能进行预报。     

带前置预旋导轮的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力数值模拟研究

本文基于非定常粘性RANS方法结合Schnerr-Sauer空泡模型,建立了船后螺旋桨空泡脉动压力数值预报方法,并开展了数值方法的不确定度分析;然后采用ITTC'78自航预报规程结合CFD方法预报了带前置预旋导轮的节能效果,开展了安装节能导轮后的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力预报研究;对比分析了有无节能装置时的螺旋桨叶表面空泡形态及1阶和2阶船体脉动压力.研究表明,在本实例中安装节能装置后的1阶和2阶脉动压力分别下降了33％和20％,而桨叶表面空泡面积也有所下降.