国产卫星遥感技术在海事监管中的应用

<正>近年来,随着遥感技术日益成熟及卫星产业不断发展,已逐步形成了资源、环境、气象、海洋、高分等对地遥感观测卫星系列。在水运业方面,随着全球经济和贸易的日益繁忙,水上通航密度不断加大,海上气象水文环境复杂多变,间接影响着航运市场的发展,同时由于我国海事安全监管系统存在覆盖范围小、探测距离短、业务水平低等自身缺陷,海事监管部门无法对远海船只实现实时动态感知,提供优质保障服务。充分发挥国产卫星遥感技术资源潜力可以提升海事监管和服务保障能力,从而有效维护在航船舶航行安全。     

新时期宁波舟山港气象服务新模式

本文详细描述了近年来宁波港口气象服务的新模式、新经验。宁波市气象局与宁波舟山港不断加深合作,通过调整业务和服务的组织架构,打造"三加一"港口气象服务新模式:统一布局海洋与港口气象探测网,利用探测新技术提升监测能力;气象、港口、海事三方共建地方标准,实现多部门在统一标准下的气象信息共享;依靠创新驱动,开发港口精细化预报产品、建立"多早预警"机制;依托集约化的港口气象业务和服务系统,实现气象服务全覆盖。气象、港口、海事等部门通过建立互动协作机制,提高了港口气象服务精准性,保障了港口生产安全,产生了可观的服务效益,提升了对国际大港的专业气象服务水平。     

坚持科学发展，提升中国海事软实力

作为水上行政执法监督机构和交通运输的重要支持保障系统，海事管理机构不仅要有硬件设施等“硬实力”保障，更要从海事服务、海事文化、海事管理理念和方法、海事管理法制化程度、海事人才素质等软科学角度入手，提升中国海事软实力。只有以科学发展观为统领，不断提升海事服务软实力，才能更好地服务于经济社会的发展，满足人民大众日益增长的安全和服务需求。     

上海勾画海事司法改革与发展“路线图”

<正>首个国内海事司法改革与发展"路线图"日前正式出台。4月8日,上海海事法院在沪发布《关于强化海事司法职能服务保障国家战略的工作意见》(以下简称《意见》),首次就海事司法融入全面推进依法治国和全面深化司法改革进程,为海洋强国、"一带一路"战略推进,以及加快上海自贸区和国际航运中心建设提供更加公正、高效、有力的海事司法保障,厘清了拓展思路,作出了全面规划。据上海海事法院院长赵红介绍,2014年下半年以来,上海海事法院重点围绕服务保障海洋强国、上海自由贸易区、上海国际航运中心三大建设,结合海事审判实际,组织开展了专题性工作研究。在中央提出"一带一路"的战略构想,     

海事“AIS”系统防雷设计与研究

文章旨在分析海事部门灯塔内部AIS基站组成设备及其特点、拓扑结构等,并结合AIS基站所处的气象环境、地理位置等因素对AIS基站作出雷击风险评估,从而对AIS基站提出综合雷电防御措施,为海事活动的正常进行提供可靠保障。     

海事“AIS”系统防雷设计与研究

文章旨在分析海事部门灯塔内部AIS基站组成设备及其特点、拓扑结构等，并结合AIS基站所处的气象环境、地理位置等因素对AIS基站作出雷击风险评估，从而对AIS基站提出综合雷电防御措施，为海事活动的正常进行提供可靠保障。     

海事科技发展篇

“十一五”期间，海事系统充分发挥科技信息化支撑、引领海事新发展的作用，不断提高海事监管、应急反应和航海保障水平，“三个服务”的能力有了明显提高，切实履行了保障水上安全、保护水域环境、维护国家主权的神圣职责。     

天津海事局:依托海事发展,服务区域经济

为支持区域经济发展，打造“责任型、服务型”海事部门，根据中央对天津滨海新区的功能定位，天津海事局确立了“依托海事发展，加快自身建设，立足天津，服务滨海新区，服务环渤海，服务三北”的服务区域经济发展思路，并于目前提出了支持区域经济发展的八项措施：     

中日东北亚海域大风浪预警信息对比分析

为保障东北亚海域船舶航行安全,分析了中日两国发布的大风浪预警信息的特点,提出了应用方面的注意事项。介绍了一种新型海事气象安全保障服务软件,并给出了应用实例,为船舶驾驶员和航运企业安全管理人员提供确保大风浪中航行安全的新思路。     

专业力量齐发力 复工复产有实招——北海航海保障中心抗疫情保复工侧记

疫情阻击战到了最关键的阶段,保复工、稳发展迫在眉睫。北海航海保障中心(简称“中心”)主动作为,有效履职,积极加强与属地海事、引航、气象、港口等单位的协调沟通,针对辖区LNG、煤炭能源运输提供定制化优先服务,保障各类导助航设施、系统平稳正常运行。新冠肺炎疫情期间,共计为辖区1.7万余艘次船舶航行和13.5万人次旅客安全运送提供了及时、高效的航海保障服务。     

Development of Motorways of the Sea in the Adriatic region

Freight volumes are increasing worldwide, following almost the same growth rate as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This has resulted in congested sections of the road system and increase of traffic accidents. Consequently, several governments in Europe are promoting alternative modes of transport. Besides the use of railways, the European Union is promoting the use of maritime transport for short distances. This initiative, ‘Motorways of the Sea (MoS)’, aims at the establishment of more efficient and competitive maritime services between different countries. The present paper analyzes the development of an MoS network in the East Adriatic area, linking the Greek Ports of Igoumenitsa and Patras in the Ionian Sea. This is done by identifying financially viable MoS corridors, servicing the freight and passenger demand of the area. Initially, the freight and passenger flows of MoS in the East Adriatic/Ionian Seas region, based on the application of the four-step methodology for transport planning, are estimated. Then, the financial viability of each MoS is elaborated, based on the estimated flows. Hence, the network of MoS services is determined for the area. Thus, the paper provides a useful tool to maritime operators, port authorities and policy makers to investigate the financial viability of an MoS network.     

环日本海地区的航线优化研究

随着环日本海地区贸易往来的频繁,优化该地区航运网络结构,提升海运通达性,成为推动该地区经济发展的重要手段.因此,提出一个以航运企业利润最大为目标的航线网络优化模型.该模型综合考虑航线、船型与需求间的关系,以船舶的载重量为约束,优化航运企业的资源配置,设计航线及选择适宜船型.利用实际数据对该模型进行检验,结果显示,优化的航线网络以及确定船型在不同经济条件下有所差别,可为环日本海航线的开辟与运营提供借鉴.     

Themes and tools of maritime transport research during 2000-2014

This study examines how maritime transport has been researched through a comprehensive review of papers published in 19 transportation journals over the period 2000–2014. Systematic investigation shows that Maritime Policy & Management plays a prominent role in publishing maritime transport research. At the same time, ‘shipping’ is a dominant research area, with ‘port management, service, performance, efficiency and competitiveness’; ‘shipping market, industry, freight rate and economic impact’; and ‘terminal studies’ as the most popular topics. Nevertheless, few efforts have investigated ‘shipping finance’; ‘shipping service’; or ‘port risk and security.’ Since 2000, the use of quantitative analysis techniques has steadily increased in maritime transport to help participants make decisions scientifically. We here present the major data analysis techniques and highlight some limitations regarding their application. Thus, we provide a better understanding of how maritime transport research has been undertaken in a quantitative manner.     

Incentives to reduce port inefficiency: a theoretical approach

Over the last decades, the European Union (EU) has devoted a large amount of effort and money to projects aimed at boosting some of its maritime corridors as a modal alternative to road or rail freight transport. However, the overall design of most of these programmes has ex post revealed as very ineffective. This paper suggests that promoting port efficiency might be a more suitable target to increase the modal split of Short Sea Shipping (SSS) than subsidizing firms to transfer cargo from road to sea. But defining ‘port efficiency’ is a complex task and, therefore, granting money directly to port authorities could also generate perverse moral hazard effects, particularly when the improvements are difficult to monitor and many investments are non-refundable. The European Court of Auditors points out that millions of EU public port finance was wasted on empty terminal and other unused infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to design a proper subsidy to promote SSS by encouraging port improvements through a proper system of incentives. As a policy recommendation, in this paper we propose the development of a subsidy per inefficiency-reduction unit.     

渤黄海冰情分析与对策思考

2009年冬季,我国渤海和黄海北部出现近30年同期最为严重的海冰灾害。海冰袭来,沿海大小港口均遭海冰袭击,部分港口被迫封港,海冰对港口设施、海上交通运输和生产作业造成了严重影响。文中分析了渤黄海海冰的特点和影响,并结合我国港口和海上交通运输特点,提出了应对措施和建议。     

Maritime transportation research: topics and methodologies

The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze maritime transportation academic research. For articles published in Maritime Policy & Management (MPM) in the period 2001 to 2012, the most frequent topics addressed include shipping performance/management and shipping finance. For articles published in Maritime Economics & Logistics (MEL) in the period 2002 to 2012, the most frequent topics addressed include port performance and shipping performance/management. MPM articles are more likely than MEL articles to utilize the institutional (IS) methodology and MEL articles are more likely than MPM articles to utilize the optimization (OP) methodology. Maritime transportation proposition theoretical research may be particularly useful in undertaking research in maritime transportation areas for which data are unavailable, insufficient, difficult to obtain, or of poor quality. Future maritime transportation research needs to include focus on: (i) maritime shippers, (ii) maritime transport chains, (iii) maritime transportation as a service, (iv) the quality of maritime transportation, and (v) maritime theoretical proposition research.     

Container terminals in South Korea: problems and panaceas

Korea has achieved remarkable economic growth over the last three decades. This has largely been due to the adoption of export-oriented economic policies. This economic development has resulted in a rapid increase in export and import cargos. Since the foreign trade of Korea is carried predominantly by sea transport (approximately 99.8% in terms of volume), ports play a crucial role in this process. Although recent port developments are aimed at keeping pace with ever-growing seaborne cargoes, problems persist, especially insufficient port capacity and inefficient management and operations. As a consequence, the ports of Korea suffer from serious port congestion. This problem is particularly acute in Pusan, the fifth largest container port in the world. In the past, all ports in Korea were controlled and administered by the Korea Maritime and Port Administration which was a public port authority. In August 1996, the Korean government established a new government organization, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), with a remit to control and manage its seaports and other related activities and to improve management efficiency in the maritime area. As a way of solving problems related to port congestion and other sources of inefficiency, the new MMAF has launched several new port development schemes. In this context, this paper will discuss (1) the extent of congestion in Korean ports, especially Pusan, the major seaport of the country; and (2) governmental and commercial reaction to solving the problems, including measures such as new port development schemes aimed at attracting private and foreign finance. From this analysis, a strategy for port development in developing countries may be inferred.     

海南自由贸易港背景下航运新特征对海事管理的要求及对策研究

随着海南自由贸易港建设的深入推进,我国将在海南实施更加开放的航运政策,建立与国际接轨的国际船舶登记制度,海南航运业将呈现新的特征。作者对海南自由贸易港建设背景下海南航运进行了展望,分析了未来海事管理工作面临的新考验,并提出海事部门要强化自身建设,不断推进海事治理能力和治理体系现代化,以适应高速发展的航运经济。     

港口建设费征稽问题分析与对策的研究

港口建设费作为国务院批准征收的一项国家政府性基金,为对我国海上经济发展和港口基础建设提供了重要保障。文中通过实践调研与对比研究,对当前港口建设费征稽工作的现状和存在的问题进行多角度分析,提出港口建设费征稽工作的完善方向和解决对策,以期提高海事部门港口建设费征管能力,使我国港建费征收工作更加法制化、规范化、科学化。     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。