船舶并靠中海浪模型算法的研究

首先从波能谱入手,在ITTC标准海浪谱的基础上,利用等能量划分法,构造船舶并靠中的海浪模型;然后分析在此海浪模型中并靠两船的相对运动情况,在研究中发现波浪会对船舶的横摇有影响。针对并靠船舶的横摇设计变阻尼波浪补偿器,对船舶的相对运动进行补偿,保证船舶在并靠过程中的安全。     

用三元超声定位检测检测两船的相对升沉速度方法

本文基于超声波测距原理和多元超声定位方法,通过设计声信标和速度检测的软硬件方案,在两船并靠利用起重机进行物资补给时对两船的相对升沉速度进行测量,解决了主动式波浪补偿技术中相对运动检测的难题。     

越浪水体对堤后靠船墩的冲击试验研究

通过三维的波浪物理模型试验,研究了斜坡堤掩护下的靠船墩受力特性,分析不规则波作用下越浪高度和不同波向对靠船墩波浪力的影响规律。试验结果表明:1)当波浪传播到斜坡堤上时,一部分波浪破碎后越过堤顶直接冲击在靠船墩上,另外一部分波浪则会绕过斜坡堤在堤身后方形成绕射波对靠船墩形成冲击。2)由于波浪垂向作用的冲击特性较强,作用在靠船墩上的垂向波浪力要大于正向波浪力和横向波浪力。3)随着越浪高度增大,作用在靠船墩上的垂向波浪力和正向波浪力增大,横向波浪力则没有明显的增大趋势。同时更大的越浪高度也会导致垂向波浪力与横向波浪力的比值增大。4)当越浪高度较小时,波浪正向入射与斜向入射造成的波浪力相差不大;当越浪高度较大时,斜向入射的波浪会引起靠船墩上更大的波浪力,此时波浪的绕射效应也会增强,正向波浪力与横向波浪力的比值会减小。     

基于DYTRAN的船艏砰击响应仿真分析

船舶在波浪中航行时,由于船体和波浪之间的剧烈相对运动,会出现砰击现象。与波浪发生直接冲撞的船艏是砰击现象发生最严重的区域,会引起局部结构屈曲变形。本文基于有限元软件MSC.PATRAN、MSC.DYTRAN软件,对船艏不同位置的三维船艏入水的过程进行数值模拟分析,研究了船艏结构入水砰击过程中结构响应问题。     

海上并靠补给波浪补偿技术发展趋势

并靠补给是一种重要的海上补给方式。舰船在海浪作用下会产生六自由度运动,对海上并靠补给具有重要影响;波浪补偿技术能够消除舰船运动对海上并靠补给的影响,是海上并靠补给的一项关键技术。介绍海上并靠补给及其波浪补偿技术,探讨海上并靠补给对波浪补偿技术的需求,分析被动式波浪补偿技术和主动式波浪补偿技术的发展现状,研究六自由度波浪补偿技术的工作原理。通过分析指出,六自由度波浪补偿系统能够完全补偿两舰船之间的相对运动,不仅可以避免货物与被补给船之间发生碰撞,而且可以精确地将货物补给到指定位置和有效地抑制或消除货物的摆动,是波浪补偿技术的重要发展方向。六自由度波浪补偿技术是通过绳牵引并联机构实现的,技术难度较大。     

基于视觉的集装箱海上并靠吊装位姿识别

舰船在远海进行并靠补给时受波浪影响两船之间会产生无规律的相对运动，给补给集装箱吊装工作带来了很大挑战，急需一种能够在较高海况下辅助人工的自动化吊装系统。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于单目视觉和ArUco标志点相结合的集装箱位姿检测方法。首先，介绍了带有视觉系统的并联吊装系统主要组成部分，简要分析了控制流程及方法；然后，根据实际集装箱码放流程，设计了适用的ArUco标志点布放和检测方案，介绍了相机标定、ArUco标志点检测及集装箱位姿估计方法；最后，搭建模拟试验平台测试视觉位姿识别的精度、速度和不同光照条件下的鲁棒性。试验结果表明，在普通工控PC平台上，最低识别速度在15Hz以上，姿态角平均误差为 ，位移量平均误差为 ，可以满足并靠吊装要求。     

南海FLNG尾输作业可行性研究

以一艘小型天然气液化船(FLNG)为例,采用数值方法模拟该FLNG进行尾输作业时的总体性能,对比分析了不同缆绳材料对于FLNG与LNG运输船(LNGC)之间相对运动的控制作用,分别根据尾输系统特定的限位要求和系泊设计规范,对两船相对运动及单点系泊系统动力响应结果进行校核。研究表明:两船相对运动与单点系泊动力响应结果满足外输作业要求。在系泊设计阶段,缆绳材料的选取对于保障外输方案的可行性具重要影响,系泊缆绳轴向刚度的选取必须能对两船体之间的水平方向位移的波浪频率响应起到控制作用。此外在外输过程中,尾输系泊缆绳将经历冲击张紧过程,导致张力幅值迅速上涨,设计时必须予以充分考虑。     

海上供应船旁靠大型浮式平台耦合 响应的模型试验研究

对大型浮式平台与供应船之间的旁靠带缆系统进行选型设计,同时开展两船旁靠作业时耦合响应特性的水池试验研究。重点分析两船体六自由度的相对运动特点、旁靠系泊缆的受力以及护舷的挤压应力随风浪流角度的变化规律。试验表明:两船在纵荡、横荡及首摇这三个低频方向的相对运动幅度较小,一般不会成为制约旁靠卸载作业的控制因素,但另外三个波频方向运动具有一定的独立性,且不受旁靠缆绳的约束,是影响旁靠作业窗口期的重要因素;缆绳张力和护舷挤压力对来流角度较为敏感,且供应船处于上风位时,缆绳的张力、护舷的挤压力比其位于下风位有明显增大,建议供应船尽可能位于浮式平台的下风位旁靠作业。     

FLNG-LNGC并靠外输系统参数对双体水动力性能的影响

针对FLNG关键技术的并靠外输问题,本文基于频域波浪势流理论建立FLNG单体和FLNG-LNGC双体水动力模型,并且结合上海交通大学水池模型实验和经典文献结果验证了数值算法的准确性.在此基础上,深入讨论了FLNG并靠外输系统单浮体水动力特性和双浮体的耦合作用.进一步通过改变系统参数(间距、装载状态、波浪入射方向和水面阻尼)建立不同的并靠外输模型进行参数敏感性分析,并且对FLNG-LNGC双船间水体共振规律进行探索.     

柔性连接水面无人三体船规则波中运动特性粘流数值仿真

针对水面无人船适应复杂海况航行的需求,提出一种适用于三体船的柔性连接桥原理构型。通过构建粘流数值波浪水池并结合重叠网格技术,实现了具有主体和侧体共六自由度的相对运动的流体动力学仿真。仿真结果初步表明,采用柔性连接桥后能够有效改善三体船在波浪中航行的阻力性能,且在一定波长范围内可以改善垂荡性能。     

随机横浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆研究

应用相空间转移率,定量研究了随机海浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆,给出了甲板上浪对船舶抗倾覆能力的影响.综合考虑非线性阻尼、非线性恢复力矩和随机横浪激励,建立了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时船舶随机非线性横摇运动的一般方程.以一艘倾覆的拖网船为例,分别求解了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时,不同海况激励下船舶横摇的相对相空间转移率.以相空间转移率作为船舶稳性损失的度量,定量比较了两种情况下船舶的抗倾覆能力.研究表明,甲板上浪后,船舶在较低的海况下会产生较大的相对相空间转移率,甲板上浪严重降低船舶的抗倾覆能力,从理论上进一步揭示了甲板上浪船舶的倾覆机理.     

旁靠补给系泊系统研究

本文建立一种旁靠补给系泊系统,目标船舶和补给船通过缆绳连接,两船之间设置有浮箱防止碰撞,浮箱两面均设置有护舷起缓冲作用.本文重点研究旁靠系泊系统的动力特性,并在频域和时域进行研究,频域研究中得到船舶的幅值响应算子RAO;时域研究得到两船相对位移响应和缆绳的张力最大值,通过设置不同的系泊系统组成参数等,研究各个参数对系泊系统运动稳定性的影响.本文可为未来的旁靠补给方式研究提供一定的参考,有较高的工程实用价值.     

两船并靠状态下的运动响应数值模拟研究

针对两船并靠工况复杂,各种运动相互间存在耦合的情况,基于三维势流理论和波浪的辐射/衍射理论,应用多体水动力学软件,建立了船体、护舷和缆绳的模型,开展了两船在风、浪、流作用下的运动响应数值模拟。模拟结果可作为并靠方案设计和优化的参考依据,也可为两船并靠状态下的护舷力学性能计算提供支撑。     

Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics for arbitrary multihull ships advancing in waves

Multihull vessels have emerged as popular alternatives to conventional monohull ships for high-speed crafts. However, the bridging structures connecting the hulls are vulnerable to various wave actions and the wave impact on the bottom of them is the most serious problems associated with multihulled vessels. In this study, prediction of relative wave elevations under the bridging structures is investigated for multihull ships traveling with forward speed in waves. A computer code YNU-SEA using the three-dimensional (3D) Green function method with forward speed has been developed and used to analyze the hydrodynamic radiation and diffraction forces and motion responses for high-speed catamarans in waves. The results of the present calculations are compared with those of previous calculations as well as with experimental results. The numerical results reveal that the present computer code can be used as a powerful tool for the accurate numerical computation of seakeeping problems for multihull ships advancing in waves. Numerical calculations of wave pattern are also carried out including wave interactions between the hulls to analyze the effects of hull form on the free surface flow around catamarans advancing in waves. The analysis of the wave pattern allows the determination of relative wave height including radiation and diffraction waves. Finally, some discussions are included based on these numerical results which may be helpful for the accurate prediction of relative wave height and wave breaking load on the deck associated with multihull ships.     

Dynamic interaction of parallel moving ships in close proximity

Nowadays,there are many studies conducted in the field of marine hydrodynamics which focus on two vessels traveling and floating in sufficiently close proximity to experience significant interactions.The hydrodynamic behavior of parallel moving ships in waves is an interesting and important topic of late.A numerical investigation has been carried out for the prediction of wave exciting forces and motion responses of parallel moving ships in regular waves.The numerical solution was based on 3D distribution technique and using the linear wave theory to determine the exciting forces and ship＇s motion.The speed effects have been considered in the Green function for more realistic results.The numerical computations of wave exciting forces and motion responses were carried out for a Mariner and Series 60 for the purpose of discovering different Froude numbers and different separation distances in head sea conditions.Based on the numerical computations,it was revealed that the sway,roll and yaw have a significant effect due to hydrodynamic interaction.     

波浪中航行两船模池壁干扰效应的数值研究

对规则波中顶浪并行航行的两船模,基于频域移动脉动源格林函数建立了有效表达池壁效应的三维数学模型,该模型采用分布源积分方法求解近距航行两船模的波浪作用力和运动响应,并利用镜像原理将水池格林函数表示为开阔水域的格林函数和由镜像点源组成的无穷级数.分析移动脉动源格林函数的远场传播模态及其特性可知,当τ>0.272(τ为斯特劳哈尔数)时各传播波模态均不在点源的上游出现,故此时点源波系的影响范围可由环形—扇形波的半楔角确定,在此基础上计及船模辐射—绕射波的池壁反射作用对自身和另一船模的干扰,依据船型要素、水池宽度和两船相对位置,采用六个几何临界半楔角表征船体的辐射—绕射波,提出了并行航行两船模的池壁效应判别方法.数值研究表明:不同镜像次数下水池格林函数的数值差异主要体现在距船艏较远处,在兼顾计算精度与效率的原则下可选取有限项级数的水池格林函数作为积分内核,而池壁效应对近距航行两船运动响应的影响主要体现在长波区.     

Evaluation of added resistance in regular incident waves by computational fluid dynamics motion simulation using an overlapping grid system

A computational fluid dynamics simulation method called WISDAM-X was developed to evaluate the added resistance of ships in waves. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation was solved by the finite-volume method and a MAC-type solution algorithm. An overlapping grid system was employed to implement rigorous wave generation, the interactions of ships with incident waves, and the resultant ship motions. The motion of the ship is simultaneously solved by combining the solution of the motion of the ship with the solution of the flow about the ship. The free surface is captured by treatment by the density-function method. The accuracy of WISDAM-X is examined by a comparison with experimental data from a container carrier hull form, and shows a fairly good agreement with respect to ship motion and added resistance. Simulations were also conducted for a bow-form series of a medium-speed tanker to examine the effectiveness of the WISDAM-X method as a design tool for a hull form with a smaller resistance in waves. It was confirmed that the WISDAM-X method can evaluate the added resistance with sufficient relative accuracy and can be used as a design tool for ships.     

滚装重荷载应急卸载过程的浮基多体系统动力学分析

在救灾和战争等非常情况下，利用中小型近海滚装渡轮或改装后的渔轮渡海输送重荷载，具有可征用船只数量多和装卸载不依赖吊装设备等优点。缺乏港口屏蔽的海浪环境中重荷载进行滚动卸载时，必须考虑波浪对船的作用和重荷载与船的相互作用。本文通过对船在波浪中所受表观重力和表观浮力的分析，导出波浪作用力矩的计算公式。运用浮基多体系统动力学方法，建立波浪-浮基-重荷载系统的动力学方程。使用标准的龙格-库塔四阶方法进行数值积分求解。考虑海况、船型和重荷载在船上运动参数等因素，计算了各工况下的横摇运动响应。进而给出了重荷载安全快速卸载的驾驶操作要求及相关运动规律。     

Investigation of ship waves in a narrow channel

This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data.