掺气分流墩三维流场数值模拟

采用RNGk-ε三维紊流模型和VOF方法,1:1几何建模,对柘林水电站左岸泄洪洞下游掺气分流墩的三维流场进行了数值模拟.在与原型观测试验对比验证的基础上,对该流场的流态、水面、流速分布和压强分布进行了分析.结果表明:流态模拟正确,水面、流速与原型观测结果均能较好吻合;联合作用下的流场,在三维涡体的形成、增强掺气效果和空化空蚀的防止等方面均明显优于无掺气分流墩的流场;三维涡体主要由两股入水主流与池内前部淹没水跃的水体相互摩擦形成;被抛向高空的水翅在下落入水时卷入大量空气,具有较深穿透力,使得波动坎及坎下区域充分掺气,从而破坏空化,防止空蚀.     

船闸阀门后廊道突扩体型阻力系数研究

在局部模型上，对阀门后廊道不同的突扩方向、突扩比、突扩起点的阀门段阻力系数ξｖｎ进行了研究，并建立了适用范围较大的经验计算式。可供教学、科研及工程设计人员参考。     

高水头船闸通水减蚀效果的探讨

在模型试验的基础上,对高水头船闸阀门后廊道内通水消除空蚀破坏的机理及减蚀效果进行了探讨,指出在合理的通水方式下,对提高收缩断面的压强效果是显著的。     

多重网格法及其在回流流动计算中的应用

结合多重网格方法,采用同位网格体系的有限体积法建立了维不可压缩流动的k-ε紊流数值模型,对流项和扩散项均采用中心差分格式离散,流速、压力采用通用的SIMPLE压力校正方法求解,代数方程组则利用强隐式方法SIP求解。对空流和突扩流两种典型回流流动进行模拟,证明了所建立模型的有效性和可信性。     

基于TD-SCDMA系统的空时扩谱技术

提出应用于TD-SCDMA系统的下行链路中的空时扩谱方法．用有限的空时码进行扩谱，并利用较少的发射天线和接收天线进行信号的发射与接收，从而在TD-SCDMA移动接收端获得最大的扩谱增益．结合TD-SCDMA的下行链路，分析了在平坦衰落和多径条件下采用空时扩谱的TD-SCDMA系统的性能．这种结构使下行链路两端的硬件复杂度大大降低，进而解决了现有分集技术不适用于移动终端的问题．同时，仿真结果表明应用于TD-SCDMA系统的空时扩谱技术能够改善下行链路的性能。     

桩基施工对既有通车隧道扰动影响分析

邻近既有隧道桩基施工与列车荷载耦合作用产生的应力波会对既有通车隧道造成扰动影响,甚至会演变成严重的坍塌事故.结合邻近既有通车隧道的某码头打桩工程实际,分析耦合作用下既有通车隧道的动力响应;建立"桩-土-隧道"的三维有限元模型;并采用数值模拟方法找出既有通车隧道的不利振动和应力区域.研究结果表明:①隧道最不利的振动范围集中在隧道z方向的整个底部区域;②隧道最不利的应力范围主要集中在隧道z方向的右下区域;③隧道截面沿x、y方向所受的最大振速为4.6 mm/s,沿z方向所受的最大振速为4.4mm/s.通过确定既有运营隧道最不利振速以及拉应力的区域,为类似工程中通车隧道安全防护提供了技术支撑.     

局部腐蚀对圆钢管混凝土柱轴向承载力的影响分析

运用有限元软件ABAQUS对26根局部腐蚀圆钢管混凝土在轴压荷载作用下进行数值计算并与未腐蚀构件做对比,系统地分析和考察局部腐蚀的位置、局部腐蚀间的环向夹角与母线距离对钢管混凝土轴压力学性能的影响规律,确定三因素分别作用下的最不利情况。分析结果表明:对于单个蚀坑,蚀坑位于构件中间时构件的轴压承载力最低,越远离构件中部,承载力越大;对于两个蚀坑,构件的轴压承载力随蚀坑间环向夹角的增大而增大,随母线距离的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势。本研究成果对钢管混凝土在服役过程中的防护具有参考价值。     

水泥混凝土路面板角脱空状态下最不利荷位转移规律

通过计算板角不同脱空尺寸时纵边中部与板角荷载作用下受荷点的荷载应力,分析脱空混凝土板的最不利荷位转移规律,进行水泥混凝土路面板底脱空对面板疲劳使用寿命的影响研究。研究结果表明:路面板角脱空后,随着脱空区域的增大,最大应力位置由板纵边中部逐渐向板角区域转移,当脱空尺寸Lv>0.7 m,板角脱空区与未脱空区边界(即三角形脱空区域的斜边)成为面板受力的最不利荷位,并建议脱空尺寸超过0.4 m的路面板及时进行加固处治,以防止板块断裂。     

客车转向架回转阻力矩特性

建立车辆系统数学模型,理论分析转向架相对车体的回转运动过程,推导装备空气弹簧转向架车辆的回转阻力系数计算公式.利用参数试验台进行回转阻力系数测试,验证数学模型和理论计算结果的可信性,分析动拖车在不同载重下的回转阻力系数分布规律,研究空簧状态对回转阻力系数的影响.分析结果表明:空簧正常、过充状态下理论计算值均低于试验值,最大相差0.02,原因为理论计算时未考虑不同转动速度下的空簧动刚度特性与其他悬挂部件的阻力作用;回转阻力系数与转动角度和转动速度成正比,1.0(°)·s-1时的回转阻力系数要远大于0.2(°)·s-1时的结果,最大相差0.047;在空簧失气状态下,试验值大于计算值,且转动速度越大,差异越显著;空簧过充对回转阻力系数影响不大,最危险工况为拖车空车在空簧失气状态下,回转阻力系数为0.093.     

高水头大流量泄洪隧洞体型优化数值模拟研究

采用VOF法和k-ε紊流模型相结合对金沙江溪洛渡水电站3#泄洪隧洞泄洪过程进行了数值模拟,针对设计体型存在的第二、第三级掺气坎的掺气空腔长度和高度偏小,龙落尾段的水流流速过高,空化数局部偏小的问题,优化了泄洪隧洞奥奇段体型,调整了掺气坎的布置,使泄洪隧道压强分布更趋均匀,空化数分布趋于平稳,从而改善了泄洪隧洞水流的空蚀空化特性。同时增大了掺气空间,加大了泄洪隧洞的掺气保护长度。     

渠江金盘子船闸输水系统水力学原型观测研究

为了研究高水头船闸原型与模型试验的差异,更好的积累高水头船闸原型运行经验,对渠江金盘子船闸输水系统进行了水力学原型观测.结果表明:该船闸进出口、闸室内流态较好;闸室内船舶系缆力满足规范要求;闸室充、泄水的流量系数较模型增大12％～ 16％,与国内、外船闸输水系统研究基本一致;由于泄水阀门开启速度远大于设计和模型试验研究...     

Position control for asymmetrical hydraulic cylinder system using a single on/off valve

A single on/off valve is used to carry out the position control of the asymmetrical hydraulic cylinder. The influence of the nominal flow rate on the positional accuracy of piston is investigated and the proximate formula for calculating the nominal flow rate of on/off valve is introduced. The system structure proposed in this paper could avoid cavitation and hyper pressure in two chambers to some extent. The simulation results indicated that the control method in this paper could satisfy the expected control requirements.     

INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL THREE-WAY SOLENOID VALVE

In order to meet the increasinglystrict emissionstandards andi mprove the perfor mance of diesel en-gines,using electronic control systemin diesel en-gines becomes more and more popular.In the com-mon-rail injection system of diesel engines,injec-tion ti ming and injection duration are controlled bythe solenoid valve.The perfor mance of common-rail injection systemis directly deter mined by thesolenoid valve[1-2].A novel high-speed three-waysolenoid valve used in the common-rail injectionsyste…     

超声波流量计在船舶管系泄漏检测与定位中的应用

提出了基于负压波—流量平衡联合法的超声波流量计来检测船舶管系泄漏和泄漏点定位的方法。从超声波流量计的工作原理和应用特点入手,结合压力波在泄漏检测与定位系统中的应用情况,搭建实验平台,进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:该方法具有一定的实用性和可行性,能有效地提高小泄漏的检测率和降低泵阀正常操作的误报警。     

基于解调技术的喷泵空化特征提取方法研究

通过对喷水推进泵实船空化测量，捕捉了喷水推进泵在不同工况下的进口水声信号和壳体振动信号，对其空化调制特征进行了研究。结果表明：①喷水推进泵的空化受其叶频及其倍叶频调制；②随着空化强度的增加，喷水推进泵的调制特征量的变化与声压规律曲线一致，即满足先上升后下降的趋势。据此，可以利用调制特征对喷水推进泵的空化进行实时监测。     

Steam Pressure Control of 1000 MW Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Unit Based on Multi-Model Predictive Control

Ultra-supercritical(USC) coal-fired unit is more and more popular in these years for its advantages.But the control of USC unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling among inputs and outputs. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) method based on multi-model and double layered optimization is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit running in sliding pressure mode and fixed pressure mode. Three inputs(i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs(i.e. output power, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). The step responses for the dynamic matrix control(DMC) are constructed using the three inputs by the three outputs under both pressure control mode. Piecewise models are built at selected operation points. In simulation, the output power follows load demand quickly and main steam temperature can be controlled around the setpoint closely in load tracking control. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

高速列车减振器阻尼特性的影响因素分析

节流阀结构是影响减振器阻尼特性的主要因素,为了得到其结构参数,作者建立了高速列车二系横向减振器内流场的仿真模型。利用计算流体力学的方法分析减振器内部三维动态流场,得到节流阀阻尼孔的尺寸以及开阀阻尼力和开阀速度,并分析了开阀速度和油液温度对减振器阻尼特性的影响。计算结果表明：调节节流阀参数可以得到满足减振器性能要求的阻尼特性;高温时减振器阻尼力减小的两个主要因素是节流阀片易开启以及油液动力黏度降低;开阀速度极小的改变会引起减振器阻尼力发生较大的变化。     

Comparison on hydraulic characteristics between orifice plate and plug

Orifice plate energy dissipater as well as plug energy dissipater, as a kind of effective energy dissipater with characteristics of simple structure, convenient construction and high energy dissipation ratio, has become welcomed more and more by hydraulics researchers. The two kinds of energy dissipaters with sudden reduction and sudden enlargement forms are similar in energy dissipation mechanism, but there are differences in energy dissipation characteristics and cavitation characteristics. In the present paper, the differences between orifice plate and plug in energy loss coefficient, relating to their energy dissipation ratio, in the backflow region length, relating to their energy loss coefficient, and in the lowest wall pressure coefficient, relating to their cavitations risk, were analyzed by numerical simulations and physical experiment, and their features in above three aspects were also revealed. The results of research in the present paper demonstrate that the backflow region length of orifice plate is longer than that of plug at the same contraction ratio, the lowest wall pressure coefficient of plug is smaller than that of orifice plate at the same contraction ratio, and the energy loss coefficient of orifice plate is bigger than that of plug, which illustrates that plug is superior to orifice plate in resistance cavitation damage at the same contraction ratio.