轴对称模锻过程的CAS／CAD系统

本文运用上限元法分析了轴对称水平非对称锻件的模锻过程,建立了相应的计算机模拟系统(GAS);为了获得预成形毛胚的理想形状,作者运用计算机进行工序正向模拟之后,又进行了工序反向模拟,经实验验证,计算数据是正确的。     

增力式多向镦锻装置的研制

在通用压机上生产类似全纤维曲轴一类锻件的先进工艺为多向镦锻法。本文设计的新型增力式多向钮锻装置，在锻造接近结束时，可以增大水平锹粗力，其增力效果超过传统的ＲＲ锻造法及ＴＲ锻造法。     

Forging penetration efficiency of steel H13 stepped shaft radial forging with GFM forging machine

The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM (Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finite element code DEFORM 3D. According to the effective plastic strain, the mean stress and the mean plastic strain distribution of the radial forging, the forging penetration efficiency (FPE) was studied throughout each operation. The results show that the effective plastic strain in the center of the forging is always greater than zero for the desirable larger axial drawing velocity. The mean stress in the center of the workpiece is proposed to describe hydrostatic pressure in this paper. There is compressive strain layer beneath the surface of the workpiece to be found, while there is tensile strain core in the center of the workpiece. These results could be a valuable reference for designing the similar forging operations.     

Investigation on Zener-Hollomon Parameter in the Warm-Hot Deformation Behavior of CF53

The warm-hot deformation behavior of CF53 steel was studied with hot compression tests at temperature of 1 123 ~1 273 K and strain rate of 0.1~20 s -1 . The activation energy for warm-hot deformation is 274.816 kJ/mol. The influences of Zener-Hollomon parameter, strain and grain size imposing on the flow stress were analyzed in the temperature range of warm-hot forging. Based on the creep theory and mathematic theory of statistics, mathematical models of flow stress were obtained. The results provide a scientific basis for controlling microstructure of forging process through Zener-Hollomon parameter.     

Simulation and analysis of microstructure evolution of IN718 in rotary forgings by FEM

A numerical analysis was performed to study the in?uence of process parameters on the microstruc-ture evolution of IN718 alloy in rotary forging using the finite element method(FEM).For this purpose, a constitutive equation considering the effects of strain hardening and dynamic softening of IN718 alloy was built.The constitutive equation and microstructure models were implemented into the finite element code to investigate the microstructure evolution during rotary forging subject to large deformations.The simulations were carried out in the ratio of initial height to diameter range 0.2-0.8, the angle of the rocker 3°-7° and the relative feed per revolution range 0.01-0.1 r-1.The research results revealed the deformation mechanism and the correlation of process parameters with the grain size evolution of IN718 alloy during rotary forging.These provide evidence for the selection of rotary forging parameters.     

Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of Long Cone-Shaped Forging Based on Rigid Visco-Plastic FEM

Based on synthetically considering the coupled thermo-mechanical relations between temperature and deforming,a numerical simulation of the forging process for the special long cone-shaped workpiece of Al-5.44M-2.15L-0.12Zr alloy at high temperature was conducted by using the rigid visco-plastic finite element method.The relations between the total load and the displacement druing the forging ,and the distributions of stress,strain,temperature and strain rate,which can provide useful information for the process design,are obtained.     

Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12％Cr Steel During Hot Deformation

Five forging experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters on microstructure evolution during hot deformation for X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel.The experimental results indicated that average grain size became finer with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching.Especially,the size of stretching three times with upsetting twice had the most remarkable effect on refinement,and the size was only 27.36%of the original one.Moreover,the stress model was integrated into the software and finite element models were established.Simulation results demonstrated that the strain at center point of workpiece was far larger than critical strain value in each process,so that dynamic recrystallization(DRX) occurred in each workpiece,which implied DRX could occur for several times with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching,and uniform finer microstructure would be obtained.However,the results also showed that higher temperature was an unfavorable factor for grain refinement,so the times of heating should be limited for workpiece,and as many forging processes as possible should be finished in once heating.     

Research on voids deformation welding condition for manufacturing of heavy forgings

Crushing and diffusion welding are two critical healing stages of interior void defects in heavy forgings. The healing result depends on many factors during the forging process, such as stress, temperature, deformation and type of material, while the void diffusion welding condition is still not well known at the present. This paper is concerned with the deformation welding condition of the closed void interface in heavy ingot during the hot forging process. A void crushing experiment is carried out to recognize the microstructure of the closed void interface. According to the healing mechanism at high temperature, a new physical simulation model is setup to study the deformation welding process of the closed void interface based on the theory of atom diffusion and the interface contact mechanics prototype. Compared with the experimental results, the influence of deformation degree, forming temperature and holding time on the welding quality is discussed, and then the deformation welding condition of closed void interface is presented. The proposed condition helps to improve forging technology and product quality.     

Computer Aided Simulation on Precision Cold Forging of Universal Joint Cross

IntroductionThefiwtee1emenmethod(FEM)playsanextrmelyimPortantroleintheanalysesofengineeringproblems.ForalongtimethismethodhasmainlybeenaPPliedinthelinearfieldandshownitsgreatpower.HoweveealOtofnonlinearengineeringPrOblemsWhichcanneitherbesimPlyreducedtolinearonesnorrCPresentedbylinearlyanalogywhichshallchnsethePfacticalconditionsrelativelymuch,havechallengedfiniteelementmethod(FEM).RecentymuchProgresshasbeenmadebothinthemathematicalandmechanicaltheoryandthecomPulertechnologysothatevent…     

Multi-scale simulation for the forming of a heavy vessel head considering the evolution of defects and microstructure

The head of nuclear pressure vessel is a key component to guarantee the safety of nuclear power plant, so it is necessary to improve its mechanical properties during manufacturing. In the practical production, due to the huge size of the ingots from which the head is manufactured, coarse grains and voids are common defects existing in the material. Furthermore, cracks may appear in the forming process. It is highly demanded that the forming process must be properly designed with suitable parameters to compact the voids, to refine and homogenize the grains and to avoid cracks. Therefore, the research on the evolution of internal voids, grain size and cracks is very important to determine the forming process of huge components. SA508-3 steel is the material to manufacture the head of pressure vessel in the nuclear island. In the previous studies, we have separately built models to evaluate the evolution of internal voids, grain size and cracks during the hot forming process for SA508-3 steel. This study integrates the models for multi-scale simulation of the forging process of the head of nuclear pressure vessel in order to control the quality of the forgings. Through the software development, the models are integrated with a commercial finite element code DEFORM. Then, the extended forging and final forging processes of the head are investigated, and some appropriate deformation parameters are recommended.     

Computer Simulation of Thermal-Mechanical Processing

AlterationIntroductionThereisastrongini6ractionamongtemPetalrefield,strCssfield,andmicrosttuctutulaltOrationinm8terialsduringtheirhotworking[l'2].Especiallyduringthecoolingprocess,inwhichtemPeratorechangnsgreatly,intendionsbecomemorecomplexbecauseoftransformationoccurmnce.Duringthehotdeformation,thingswillaPpearsuchas:a.hotdeformation,relatedtostressfieId,changesessentiallytheshaPeofmaterialsandcausesthevariationofthecontactstatebetWeenthedieandsample,resultinginchangeofthethermalboundnyco…     

钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆张拉顺序优化控制研究

针对钢管混凝土拱桥的吊杆在既有内力的情况下进行优化控制,力求在最后一次张拉后使控制内力达到设计要求。问题的关键在于运用数值模拟分析出各吊杆张拉对其余吊杆的影响函数,通过对各函数的组合计算出最优的张拉方法。     

机车车辆自由锻件CAPP系统的开发

结合铁路工厂的常用自由锻件,开发了自由锻CAPP系统。该系统结合生成式和派生式CAPP系统各自的优点,采用半创成式结构。系统包括锻造毛坯下料优化和金属塑性成形过程数值模拟功能,具有信息处理、工艺设计和图形绘制等多种功能,工艺卡片执行了国家专业标准。     

Numerical analysis of unconventional forging process of hollowed shaft from Ti-6Al-4V alloy

This paper presents theoretical analysis of unconventional forging process of hollowed shaft from Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a three-slide forging press. This method in comparison with other metal forming methods allows for obtaining of hollowed products. The designed process is verified theoretically by means of numerical simulations based on finite element method with assumption of 3D state of strain. The following factors are considered in the analysis: material flow kinematics, strain distribution, temperature distribution and force of process. On the basis of results, it is stated that the application of designed technology allows for obtaining of a product of assumed quality. A comparison is made between material consumption in analyzed process and material consumption in typical metal forming methods, also in used at present technology of shaft manufacturing by machining only. It is stated that the application of forging in the three-slide forging press allows for a considerable decrease of manufacturing costs due to material savings and decrease of labor consumption of operations at finishing.     

Numerical Simulation of Coupled Thermo-mechanical Behavior of a Cylinder Billet during Hot-forging Process

IntroductionInhotforging,variationanddistributiol1oftemperatureplayveryimportantroIeinviewofthermalstressesorthermalstrainaswe1lasthemateria1properties.MechanicaldefOrmationcangenerateheatbyfrictionalslidingand/ordissipatiOI1ofplasticwork.Theboundaryconditionfortemperatureismodifiedbythechangeinmaterialshape.Dietemperatureusuallyislowerthanworkpiecetemperatureandthisfactresultsindiechilling.Itsignificantlyaffectsthetemperatureoftheworkpiecea11d,consequently,alterstheflowstress.Whenthedieisr…     

A NEW MODEL AND IMPROVED CABLE FUNCTION FOR REPRESENTING THE ACTIVATING PERIPHERAL NERVES BY A TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC FIELD DURING MAGNETIC STIMULATION

Theclassiccableequationhasbeenusedtore presenttheexcitationoflongandstraightperipheral nervesinanelectricfield.Itpredictsthatexcitation occursnearthemaximumofthenegativefirstspa tialgradient-E'‖=- Ex/ xinthedirectionofan x axialfiber[1],whichisinagreem…     

混沌优化算法在协同设计冲突消解中的应用

利用混沌优化算法,对协同设计中建立的约束网络数学模型进行寻找全局最优解操作,以实现冲突消解,最后利用常用寻优函数对该应用的有效性进行了仿真验证.数值试验结果表明,本算法具有结构简单,鲁棒性强,易于实现,效率高的优点,从而能够实时地对协同设计中检测到的冲突进行消解.     

基于超声技术轮轨接触状态监测的数值模拟

为了实时监测列车行车状态,保障其安全运行,提出利用超声技术监测轮轨接触状态的方法.引入W-M分形函数对粗糙的轮轨表面进行数学描述,运用多物理场耦合软件构建了超声技术监测轮轨接触状态的有限元模型.利用该模型,用本文提出的方法对界面粗糙度、介质层种类及厚度等因素进行了模拟,获得了相应条件下轮轨接触界面的反射声压.算例仿真结果表明:通过监测轮轨接触界面超声反射波的声压变化来判定轮轨接触状态的方法是有效可行的;当超声波频率为14 MHz时,轮轨表面粗糙度的区分度最好;当超声频率大于14 MHz时,对第三介质层厚度有较好的区分度;当超声波频率恒定且第三介质层厚度足够大时,超声反射声压级趋于恒定值102 dB.      

突缘叉模锻件折叠缺陷分析

通过对缺陷的内部结构进行分析,发现突缘叉锻件法兰底面产生缺陷的主要原因是模锻前制坯工艺不合理,造成模锻时金属回流,产生折叠.提出改进制坯工艺消除锻件的缺陷的方案,经工艺和生产验证,消除了锻件缺陷,提高了锻件质量,取得满意效果,该工艺的成功应用,可为同类型产品的生产提供借鉴.     

自适应高斯遍历和声搜索物联网射频识别均衡优化

针对物联网射频识别过程中存在的数据量过大、传统算法计算复杂度较高和识别准确率较低的问题,提出了自适应高斯遍历和声搜索(Gauss traversal and harmony search algorithm, GTHS)物联网射频识别优化算法.首先,基于和声搜索算法进行网络优化设计,针对标准HS在优化精度和计算复杂度等方面存在的问题,利用高斯函数的遍历特性对算法即兴创作过程引入控制参数,提高前后期搜索的针对性,并给出参数选取的理论分析;其次,对物联网射频识别优化模型进行研究,提出改进的自适应优化目标,实现性能指标的均衡优化;最后,将该算法与RPSOAS、CDE以及C-MC算法进行了实验对比分析,结果表明,所提GTHS算法在区域大小为1000 m1000 m、标签数量为100000的大型物联网RFID (radio frequency identification network)实验对象中,收敛精度为7.2156,收敛精度提高29.6%以上.