道路网络化货运发展模式和运营机理研究

文章阐述了道路货物网络化运输的内涵和特点,构建了我国发展道路货物网络化运输的两类模式,利用图示和流程图的方式,从货源组织、车辆运行、业务经营三方面阐述了两种模式下的运营机理。     

例外数量危险货物道路运输研究

本文综合分析了各种国际规则对例外数量危险货物运输的技术要求,并借鉴国内在航空运输领域开展例外数量危险货物运输的先行经验,结合我国道路运输行业实际,提出了我国例外数量危险货物道路运输的实施建议。     

四川省国际道路货运发展实践

为构建多样化、稳定的综合物流通道,打通陆上跨境物流通道,确保内陆省份国际物流供应链通畅稳定,本文在对比主要国际货物运输模式的基础上,提出了四川省发展国际道路货物运输的意义,分析了四川省国际道路货物运输发展现状以及面临的问题,采用弹性系数法研究了国际道路运输的货物需求增长趋势,提出四川省国际道路货物运输发展思路和对策。     

关于道路货物运输三个关键问题的探讨

改革开放以来,道路货物运输行业以市场化改革为导向,从无到有,从小到大,从弱到强,初步形成了多种经济成分并存、服务种类齐全的运输体系,为社会经济可持续发展奠定了坚实的基础。但是,随着货物运输行业市场化程度的不断深入,道路运输的管理模式、发展模式均受到了一定的挑战,尤其是随着燃油税费改革的实施,这个问题更加凸显。如何在新的形势,分析道路货物运输行业的关键问题,转变管理模式,厘清管理思路,进而促进道路货物运输的发展,已成为道路运输管理机构亟待正视的问题。     

我国危险货物道路运输车辆技术 标准体系改进建议

近年来,我国重特大危险货物道路运输事故中暴露出的车辆技术问题越来越多,本文对我国危险货物运输车辆技术标准与欧洲的要求进行了对比研究,对于我国标准中存在的车辆与危险货物匹配的规定较为薄弱、标准体系完善性有待提升、缺少总领性标准等问题,文章提出了针对性的改进建议。     

探索一体化运作模式

云南交通运输有限责任公司的前身是成立于建国初期的昆明汽车运输总站，是2009年由国有企业改制组建的股份制公司，股东主要由云南省规模较大的专业道路运输企业构成。公司的国际道路货物运输业务始于20世纪90年代初，主要从事我国与老挝、越南及缅甸等国间的国际道路货物运输业务。目前自有营运货车600余辆，车型以25吨～350吨的大型拖车为主，其中专业从事跨国运输的车辆36辆；持有《中华人民共和国海关境内汽车载运海关监管货物载货登记簿》的车辆62辆。     

危险货物运输管理的九大瓶颈

随着我国经济建设速度的加快，各行业对危险货物的需求量不断增加，且大部分危险货物是通过道路运输来完成的。由于危险货物具有爆炸、易燃、毒害、腐蚀等危险性质，在运输过程中一旦发生交通事故，其破坏性是惊人的。据笔者观察，当前危险货物运输管理必须突破九大瓶颈：     

“危险货物运输新国标”亮相

德国人帕布斯·海恩提出过"海恩法则":"事故背后有征兆,征兆背后有苗头,苗头后面有规律"。尽管运输危险货物的汽车、火车、船舶在中国的土地上狂奔了多年,但依然存在一些问题。而这些问题,与危险货物运输国家标准有着密切的关系。综合运输体系催生新国标为了规范我国的道路危险货物运输,确保道路危险货物运输安全,我国先后颁布实施了《中华人民共和国安全生产法》、《危险化学品安全管理条例》、《道路危险货物运输管理     

浅谈我省危险货物运输管理

针对我省道路危险货物运输管理的现状,存在的问题,以进一步认识危险货物及运输管理为重点,讲述了加强我省道路危险货物运输管理的建议.     

我国道路货运企业今后的发展方向

<正>改革开放以来,道路货运市场全面开放,道路货运的运力得到了较快增长,较好地解决了“运货难”的突出矛盾,为道路货运市场注入了新鲜的血液。但随着市场经济的发展,小批量、多批次、高附加值和时效性强的产品在流通领域中的比重愈来愈大,对道路运输在时间、速度、运输质量方面提出了更高的要求。那种只注重发展单家独户运输经营主体,而不注重运输网络化、规模化、集约化发展的经营模式,已明显不适应新的货物运输需求。交通基础设施的改善,高速公路网络化,加入WTO,这将对我国道路运输企业的发展产生巨大而又深远的影响。     

Comparison of road freight transport trends in Europe. Coupling and decoupling factors from an Input–Output structural decomposition analysis

Decoupling road freight transport from economic growth has been acknowledged by the European Union as a key means to improving sustainability. It is therefore important to identify both the coupling and decoupling drivers of road freight transport demand in order to determine possible factors that may contribute to reduce road transport in the future without curbing economic development. This research proposes an Input–Output (IO) structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to explain road freight transport in terms of a set of key factors that have strongly influenced road freight demand in recent decades in European countries—such as economic growth, economic structure and the evolution of road transport intensity (including improvements in both supply and transport systems). This methodological approach allows us to quantify and compare their contribution in different European countries to either increase or decrease road freight transport demand. The empirical basis for this analysis is a dataset of nine European countries which have IO tables and road transport data available from 2000 to 2007, comprising data on domestic production, imports and exports as well as tonne-kms for 11 types of commodity classes. The results show that, as a whole, aggregate road transport demand has grown—driven mainly by economic activity—but this growth has been strongly curbed in some countries by changes in road freight transport intensity and moderately by the dematerialization of the economy. International transport has been also proven to be a key factor driving road freight transport volumes. Moreover, the increased penetration of foreign operators in national haulage markets appears to have reinforced the final decoupling levels observed in some cases.     

货运车型标准化专项治理管理系统设计与实现

货运车型标准化是国家运输行业结构调整及货运行业提质增效发展的重要工作手段与目标。从货运车型标准化转型治理工作的功能需求出发,以正在开展的常压液体危险货物罐车治理工作为基础,本文设计并实现了基于SSM架构的货运车型标准化专项治理管理系统。危险货物道路运输企业在系统中申报罐车信息,罐车检验机构基于车辆识别代码上传罐检报告,道路运输管理机构通过对罐车信息及关键报告进行审核,给予审核结果及意见。     

Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

多式联运条件下标准化道路货运装备的若干思考

目前我国正在大力推进多式联运,然而长期以来,我国货运装备的标准化水平较低,且与国际相比仍缺少相应的国家标准,因此,以道路运输装备为主体的装备很难实现与其他运输装备的兼容。本文综合分析了国内外多式联运工具及相关法规的基础上,提出了多式联运装备应具有的特点。     

External costs of the Belgian interurban freight traffic: a network analysis of their internalisation

The strong expansion of freight road transports throughout Europe is an important source of congestion and pollution, as well as a cause of many accidents. To solve this problem will require the conjunction of many different remedies. One element of solution would be the promotion and substitution of transportation modes with less negative effects. This paper is focused on this solution. It presents some results obtained from a detailed GIS modelling of the Belgian multimodal freight transport network inserted within the overall trans-European network. It outlines the results of a simulation of the flows over the Belgian network in 1995 which allows to estimate some of the costs of several external effects of freight transports: the costs of pollution, congestion, accidents, noise and road damages. This paper provides also the simulated impacts on modal choice of a marginal external cost internalisation, and an estimation of the corresponding external cost savings.     

广西道路货物运输安全管理对策研究

文章介绍了当前广西道路货物运输行业的基本情况，阐述了广西道路货物运输安全生产存在的主要问题，并从行政管理和企业管理的角度，提出了切合广西道路货物运输行业实际的安全管理措施。     

A Stated preference freight mode choice model

Transport policy aims to assist the transport system to work more efficiently and effectively. An understanding of the reasons why people choose to move freight in a certain manner is critical to the development of appropriate policies. This article outlines a data collection approach and the development of a disaggregate mode choice model applicable to the analysis of freight shipper decision making. It focuses on the choice between rail and road in Java, Indonesia. The model indicates that safety, reliability and responsiveness are major attributes influencing rail/road freight mode choice. Transport policies aimed at improving these dimensions should increase the attractiveness of rail transport.     

Transportation policy analysis with a geographic information system: The virtual network of freight transportation in Europe

This paper presents a multi-modal freight transportation model based on a digitized geographic network. A systematic analysis and decomposition of all the transport operations i.e. moving, loading and unloading, transshipping and transiting, leads to the development of a virtual network where each virtual link corresponds to a specific operation, and all transportation modes and means are inter-linked. Software, called NODUS, automatically generates the virtual network so that the model can be conveniently applied to large networks. The analytical structure of the links notation makes it easy to attach specific cost functions to each virtual link. The model is applied to the trans-European freight network of roads, railways and inland waterways for the transportation of wood. Cost functions are built up for each operation by each mode/means combination. A detailed point-to-point origin-destination matrix, calibrated on Eurostat statistics, is generated by a Monte-Carlo technique. Then, the total transportation cost is minimized with respect to the choices of routes, modes and means. This provides estimations of transportation services demands as well as modal splits, to the extent that the two hypotheses of demand based on generalized cost minimization and market contestability are accepted. A sensitivity analysis on the relative road cost is made, which provides measures of arc-elasticities.     

Dynamic charging infrastructure deployment for plug-in hybrid electric trucks

Inspired by the rapid development of charging-while-driving (CWD) technology, plans are ongoing in government agencies worldwide for the development of electrified road freight transportation systems through the deployment of dynamic charging lanes. This en route method for the charging of plug-in hybrid electric trucks is expected to supplement the more conventional charging technique, thus enabling significant reduction in fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emission from road freight transportation. In this study, we investigated the optimal deployment of dynamic charging lanes for plug-in hybrid electric trucks. First, we developed a multi-class multi-criteria user equilibrium model of the route choice behaviors of truck and passenger car drivers and the resultant equilibrium flow distributions. Considering that the developed user equilibrium model may have non-unique flow distributions, a robust deployment of dynamic charging lanes that optimizes the system performance under the worst-case flow distributions was targeted. The problem was formulated as a generalized semi-infinite min-max program, and a heuristic algorithm for solving it was proposed. This paper includes numerical examples that were used to demonstrate the application of the developed models and solution algorithms.     

An agent-based framework for cooperative planning of intermodal freight transport chains

The recent development of Intelligent Transportation Systems offers the possibility of cooperative planning of multi-actor systems in a distributed framework, by enabling prompt exchange of information among actors. This paper proposes a modeling framework for cooperation in intermodal freight transport chains as multi-actor systems. In this framework, the problem of optimizing freight transportation is decomposed into a suitable set of sub-problems, each representing the operations of an actor which are connected using a negotiation scheme. A Discrete Event model is developed which optimizes the system on a rolling horizon basis to account for the dynamics of intermodal freight transport operations. This framework allows for an event driven short/medium term planning of intermodal freight transport chains. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a realistic case study, and the results are compared against the First-Come-First-Served strategy, highlighting the significance of cooperation in systems operating close to capacity.