混合动力汽车机电动力耦合系统现状及发展趋势

机电动力耦合系统是混合动力汽车（HEV）的核心部分，通过它可以实现HEV不同工作模式间的转换，其性能直接关系到HEV整车性能。文章介绍了HEV机电动力耦合系统的功能、国内外现状及其发展趋势。     

混合动力电动汽车动力耦合方式的分类与比较

在混合动力电动汽车（HEV）开发过程中,动力传动系统处于重要地位。文中对HEV动力系统开发的难点－动力锅合方式进行了分析和比较,研究和总结了各种动力耦合方式的耦合规律和优缺点,指出了HEV传动系统研究的方向和趋势。     

并联式混合动力汽车自动变速耦合器设计

为满足研发需要,设计了一种新型的混合动力汽车(HEV)自动变速耦合器。从耦合装置的功能分析入手,确定动力总成耦合方案,对关键零部件进行选材和尺寸参数设计,完成耦合器的Pro/E建模并给出三维实体模型,最后进行了强度校核分析。结果表明,设计的HEV自动变速耦合器结构紧凑、体积小且质量轻,集动力耦合功能和自动变速功能于一体,能够满足设计需求。通过三维模型与计算分析的有机结合,加快了HEV零部件的研发进程,有效降低了研发成本。     

纯电动汽车电驱动系统耦合动力学研究EI北大核心CSCD

为研究纯电动汽车电驱动系统运行时的动态特性,考虑电磁时空激励和系统结构柔性,提出了一种适用于变速工况的一体化电驱动系统机电耦合动力学模型,并进行了仿真验证。以动力学分析为手段,重点研究了稳态、加速工况下电机转矩波动、齿轮误差和箱体柔性对电驱动系统动态特性的影响。研究结果表明:在稳态工况下,电机转矩波动对轴承力的影响不明显,齿轮误差会显著增加齿轮动态啮合力矩和轴承支反力的幅值,箱体柔性对齿轮动态啮合力矩的影响较小;在加速工况下,齿轮误差容易激发系统高频成分的共振,耦合箱体后容易激发与转频相关的低阶共振。     

不同混合动力电动轿车方案的比较与分析

设计了同在离合器前与发动机的动力耦合的ISA并联、电机在离合器后变速器前与发动机的动力耦合的一般并联、类似于Prius的混联三种HEV方案。对这三种方案和原轿车的最高车速、原地起步加速特性等动力性指标和基于ECE＋EUDC的100km油耗和续驶里程等能量经济性指标及排施行性进行了仿真和分析。得到相应结论。     

汽车动力总成橡胶悬置系统的固有特性和振动耦合特性分析

以汽车动力总成橡胶悬置系统为研究对象，建立了汽车动力总成橡悬置系统的动力分析方程，固有特性分析方程及振动耦合特性分析公式，并用于某汽车动力总成橡胶悬置系统的固有特性分析和振动耦合特性分析。     

混合动力电动汽车关键技术

混合动力电动汽车（HEV）的核心是混合动力驱动系统，HEV系统具有高度的复杂性，混合动力系统设计的关键是系统结构的选择，整车能量管理策略的开发和系统参数的确定。功率分别是系统能量管理策略研究的关键，随着研究的深入，自适应控制，模糊逻辑控制，神经元网络控制等方法也得到了有效的运用。文中对子系统的关键技术及整车试验方法一评价体系的建立等方面进行了讨论。     

基于模型匹配控制的PHEV动态协调控制方法

在分析发动机与电动机的动态响应特性基础上,设计基于模型匹配控制的整车动力系统动态协调控制方法,并在所建立的并联式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的前向仿真模型上对该方法进行研究,证明该方法能有效控制2个动力源的动力耦合过程,具有较高的转矩控制精度和很好的动态响应特性,并利用所建立的硬件在环仿真试验台对该方法进行试验验证。     

PHEV双耦合动力系统的设计及分析

基于对插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的两种耦合(转矩耦合或转速耦合)方式的结构和运动特性的分析,提出了一种转速耦合与转矩耦合交替工作的动力耦合系统,并根据行星齿轮机构的转速特性的分析计算了系统的结构设计参数。在MATLAB/Simulink平台上对该系统进行了联合仿真,结果表明:其动力性指标满足设计要求,而且与其他单一耦合系统相比,在动力性能指标相同的情况下,能有效减小动力部件的尺寸和质量。     

HEV发动机启停振动与噪声分析与控制

为降低混合动力汽车（HEV）发动机频繁启停引起的噪声与振动,提高乘坐舒适性,文章介绍了HEV的结构、驱动模式的特点以及发动机启停过程的噪声振动特点,分析了HEV的发动机启停过程产生的噪声与振动的根本原因,并提出了在此过程中噪声和振动源的控制措施,使HEV的发动机启停过程的噪声与振动得到降低,总结了HEV发动机启停的噪声与振动特性研究的发展趋势。     

Vehicle dynamics control of an electric-all-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle using tyre force optimisation and allocation

ABSTRACT

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) offer improved fuel efficiency compared to conventional vehicles at the expense of adding complexity and at times, reduced total power. As a result, HEV generally lack the dynamic performance that customers enjoy. To address this issue, the paper presents a HEV with electric All-Wheel-Drive capabilities via the use of torque vectoring electric rear axle drive (TVeRAD) to power the rear axle. The addition of TVeRAD to a front wheel drive HEV improves the total power output. To improve the handling characteristics of the vehicle, the TVeRAD provides torque vectoring at the rear axle. A bond graph model of the drivetrain is developed and used in co-simulation with CarSim. The paper proposes a control system which utilises control allocation to optimise tyre forces. The proposed control system is tested in the simulation environment with a high fidelity CarSim vehicle model. Simulation results show the control system is able to maximise vehicle longitudinal performance while avoiding tyre saturation on low mu surfaces. More importantly, the control system is able to track the desired yaw moment request on a high speed double lane change manoeuvre through the use of the TVeRAD to improve the handling characteristic of the vehicle.     

电动汽车蓄电池键合图建模及仿真

对蓄电池建模方式进行探讨并采用等效电路法建模，对SOC的计算进行比较讨论后采用更加合理的算法，对蓄电池散热系统及热系统的键合图建模方法进行深入探讨，建立了散热系统的键合图模型。利用键合图建模方法的优势，将蓄电池等效电路的键合图模型和散热系统的键合图模型耦合在一起，建立了蓄电池系统的键合图模型，并由此导出数学模型，进一步建立仿真模型，实现了蓄电池的动态仿真，并与试验结果进行比较得到很好的效果。     

基于键合图的车用蓄电池建模与仿真

按照键合图的规则,分别建立了蓄电池等效电路的键合图模型和冷却系统的键合图模型,然后将电系统和热系统耦合在一起,实现了蓄电池系统的键合图模型,最后建立了蓄电池的数学模型和仿真模型,并实现了动态仿真。     

Energy Requirements of a Passive and an Electromechanical Active Suspension System

Passive suspensions are designed to dissipate the energy otherwise transferred to a vehicle's body through interactions with a roadway or terrain. A bond graph representation of an independent suspension design was developed to study the energy flow through a vehicle. The bond graph model was tuned and validated through experimental tests and was found to produce suitable results. Examining the bond graph reveals that the dissipated energy associated with vertical and transverse coordinates generally originates from the longitudinal motion of the vehicle and is transferred through the tire-ground contact patch. Additionally, since the longitudinal energy originates from the vehicle's engine, the energy dissipated via the suspension shock absorber as well as other components (e.g., mechanical joints, etc.) essentially dissipate some engine energy. The plots presented in the paper support this theory by showing that upon traveling a rough terrain, the vehicle's longitudinal velocity drops more when vertical vibrations increase. Results show that a vehicle equipped with a passive suspension experiences a larger velocity drop compared to one with an active suspension traversing the same rough terrain. The paper compares the results of simulation of an analytical bond graph model of an active suspension system with experimental results and finds good agreement between the two. Other simulations show that relative to passive suspensions, not only do active suspensions yield substantial improvement in ride quality, they can also result in substantial energy savings. This paper concludes that if electromechanical actuators are supplemented by passive springs to support the vehicle static weight, the amount of energy required for operation of actuators is significantly less than the amount dissipated by conventional shock absorbers.     

Energy Requirements of a Passive and an Electromechanical Active Suspension System

Passive suspensions are designed to dissipate the energy otherwise transferred to a vehicle's body through interactions with a roadway or terrain. A bond graph representation of an independent suspension design was developed to study the energy flow through a vehicle. The bond graph model was tuned and validated through experimental tests and was found to produce suitable results. Examining the bond graph reveals that the dissipated energy associated with vertical and transverse coordinates generally originates from the longitudinal motion of the vehicle and is transferred through the tire-ground contact patch. Additionally, since the longitudinal energy originates from the vehicle's engine, the energy dissipated via the suspension shock absorber as well as other components (e.g., mechanical joints, etc.) essentially dissipate some engine energy. The plots presented in the paper support this theory by showing that upon traveling a rough terrain, the vehicle's longitudinal velocity drops more when vertical vibrations increase. Results show that a vehicle equipped with a passive suspension experiences a larger velocity drop compared to one with an active suspension traversing the same rough terrain. The paper compares the results of simulation of an analytical bond graph model of an active suspension system with experimental results and finds good agreement between the two. Other simulations show that relative to passive suspensions, not only do active suspensions yield substantial improvement in ride quality, they can also result in substantial energy savings. This paper concludes that if electromechanical actuators are supplemented by passive springs to support the vehicle static weight, the amount of energy required for operation of actuators is significantly less than the amount dissipated by conventional shock absorbers.     

动力总成半主动悬置动态特性仿真与试验研究

分析了某轿车动力总成半主动悬置的结构及工作原理,应用键合图理论建立了该悬置系统键合图模型和数学模型,并进行了系统动态特性仿真计算。仿真结果与台架试验结果对比表明,悬置在低频段仿真与试验结果具有良好的一致性,验证了采用键合图方法研究悬置低频动态特性的适用性和可信性。该研究可为半主动悬置结构设计及动态特性仿真分析提供参考。     

Application of a modified thermostatic control strategy to parallel mild HEV for improving fuel economy in urban driving conditions

A modified thermostatic control strategy is applied to the powertrain control of a parallel mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to improve fuel economy. This strategy can improve the fuel economy of a parallel mild HEV by operating internal combustion engine (ICE) in a high-efficiency region. Thus, in this study, experiments of a parallel mild HEV were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the hybrid electric powertrain and a numerical model is developed for the vehicle. Based on the results, the thermostatic control strategy was modified and applied to the vehicle model. Also, battery protection logic by using electrochemical battery model is applied because the active usage of battery by thermostatic control strategy can damage the battery. The simulation results of the vehicle under urban driving conditions show that the thermostatic control strategy can improve the vehicle’s fuel economy by 3.7 % compared with that of the conventional strategy. The results also suggest that the trade-off between the fuel economy improvement by efficient ICE operation and the battery life reduction by active battery usage should be carefully investigated when a thermostatic control strategy is applied to a parallel mild HEV.     

Bond Graphs, Normal Modes and Vehicular Structures

Bond graph modeling techniques are used to represent the normal mode dynamic behavior of uniform Bernoulli-Euler beams. The independent beam models are then coupled together to form a distributed system structure of arbitrary complexity. The resulting overall system bond graph is shown to yield the governing state equations in a straightforward manner. Then, through proper ordering of the equations, the normal modes and frequencies of the coupled system are easily obtained

This procedure is demonstrated for a vehicle A-frame structure. In addition, the bond graph model is modified to include primary and secondary suspension dynamics.     

键合图理论在传统汽车传动系参数优化中的应用

介绍了键合图的基本理论和汽车动力传动系参数优化的一般方法,利用键合图理论推导汽车动力传动系参数的优化目标函数及其计算的全过程,通过对实际车辆的优化,验证将键合图理论应用到汽车动力传动系参数优化计算中是合理的。     

Torque control of engine clutch to improve the driving quality of hybrid electric vehicles

As a powertrain for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the automatic transmission (AT) is not only convenient for the driver but also reduces hybridization costs because the existing production line is used to produce the AT. However, it has low fuel economy due to the torque converter. To overcome this disadvantage, this paper studies HEVs equipped an AT without a torque converter. In this case, additional torque control is needed to prevent the driving quality from deteriorating. This paper suggests three different torque control methods and develops a simulator for an HEV that can simulate the dynamic behaviors of the HEV when the engine clutch is engaged. The HEV drive train is modeled with AMESim, and a controller model is developed with MATLAB/Simulink. A co-simulation environment is established. By using the developed HEV simulator, simulations are conducted to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the HEV according to the control methods.