检测汽车尾气分析发动机工况

在汽车运行过程中,发动机运行工况的好坏,将直接影响到汽车的安全驾驶。为了解汽车发动机工况,可对汽车尾气进行有效检测,根据检测数据信息,判断汽车发动机的实际工况。本文就检测汽车尾气分析发动机工况进行分析探讨。     

基于模糊判断下汽车不同状态的运行工况

对汽车不同状态下的运行工况进行判断,有助于对汽车状态进行有效的评估,在文中主要就基于模糊判断的汽车不同状态的运行工况进行分析。     

SRC工况下轻型车排气温度特征分析

利用自动驾驶仪控制汽车在底盘测功机上按照S RC工况运行了4个循环,采集了车辆的排气温度,分析排气温度与工况的关系及其分布特征。研究表明：在S RC工况下,排气温度主要分布在650～800℃;在每个小循环下的温度变化曲线呈现出一个左峰高于右峰的“M”形状;重复运行S RC工况时,排气温度一致性非常好;低于60 km／h和高于110 km／h速度区间内平均温度稳定,60～110 km／h区间内平均温度随车速升高逐渐升高;长时间加速工况下,排气温度会急剧升高。     

基于扭转工况下的电动汽车车架有限元分析

以国内某型电动汽车桁架式车架为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了合理的车架有限元简化模型,对电动汽车满载时扭转工况进行了车架静态特性分析,得出相应工况下应力分布和变形云图,为后续的汽车安全设计和车架优化设计提供了参考依据。     

无级变速汽车驾驶模拟器的模糊控制器设计

为了设计无级变速汽车自动驾驶模拟器的模糊控制器，建立了简化的无级变速汽车驾驶模拟器模型。通过仿真分析了模糊控制器的隶属函数形状和解模糊算法等对控制器性能的影响，提出了适合于车辆在复杂运行工况下的模糊控制策略，为无级变速汽车传动系统的模糊控制器的设计提供了理论依据。     

轻型汽车运行工况的统计分析

根据第一汽车制造厂轻型汽车产品开发过程中的运行工况统计结果，分析了整车参数与统计工况的内在关系，为优选整车参数奠定了基础。     

关于CAE技术在汽车车架设计中的应用

汽车车架是汽车的主要承载体,承受多种载荷,对整车的使用寿命和安全有着重要影响。在整车设计时,必须对车架强度进行分析。利用CATIA软件进行汽车车架零件CAD建模,结合CAD模型对车架进行有限元建模,建立四种典型工况对车架强度进行分析,通过有限元软件计算,求得各工况下的静态安全因子和应力分布。     

基于ANSYS的转向节强度分析

针对某自卸车转向节结构早期失效,存在断裂可能性等问题,参照车辆行驶状况和汽车设计手册,详细分析转向节在紧急制动、侧滑(向左侧滑)和越过不平路面3种工况下的受力情况。运用UG软件和ANSYS软件,建立了3工况转向节有限元模型,分析3种工况下的转向节应力应变分布规律。通过寻找最大应力处和最大位移处,找出了转向节在各种工况下易损坏部位,并探讨了其易损坏的具体原因。研究结果表明,该转向节最大应力小于材料许用应力,符合汽车设计手册中的安全条件,为转向节的设计提供理论指导。     

底盘测功机机械惯量电模拟方法的研究和实现

为开发汽车排气污染物简易瞬态工况法测试系统，研究了底盘测功机机械惯量电模拟的相关理论和方法。通过汽车在底盘测功机上运行状态的动力学分析，基于汽车驱动轮转动动态特性相同的原理，建立了汽车底盘测功机机械惯量的电模拟模型。分析了简易瞬态测试工况控制要求和风冷电涡流测功器的性能特点，构建了VMAS测试工况控制系统，应用预测控制和解耦控制理论和技术，设计了底盘测功机机械惯量电模拟控制方案，开发了基于DMC，具有模型增益自校正和解耦功能的VMAS测试扭矩控制器和简易瞬态工况控制试验系统。运行试验结果表明，该系统可以较好地模拟汽车加速运动惯量。     

无级变速传动系统速比变化率的设计方法

建立了汽车无级自动变速传动系统数学模型,通过对汽车不同标准行驶工况下速比变化率分布特性规律的仿真分析,获得了金属带无级变速传动液压控制系统关键设计参数—速比变化率的取值方法,并通过仿真校验和样机台架试验结果验证了该取值方法的有效性。     

New Optimal Power Management Strategy for Series Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Recently Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained increasing attention due to their ability to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions. In this paper a new efficient power management strategy is proposed for a series PHEV. According to the battery state of charge (SOC) and vehicle power requirement, a new rule-based optimal power controller with four different operating modes is designed to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle. Furthermore, the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) method is employed to find the optimal engine power and battery power under the specified driving cycle while the fuel consumption is considered as the fitness function. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, four different driving cycles with various numbers of driving distances for each driving cycle are selected for the simulation study. The performance of the proposed optimal power management strategy is compared with the rule-based power management method. The results verify that the proposed power management method could significantly improve the fuel economy of the series PHEV for different driving conditions.     

Development of a driving cycle for the measurement of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of automobiles in Bangkok during peak periods

The exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rates of newly registered automobiles in Thailand are currently assessed using the standard driving cycle of the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE). Because of the highly different driving conditions, the assessment results may not reflect realistic amounts of emissions and fuel consumption for vehicles in Bangkok traffic, which is well known for its congestion. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a new driving cycle for vehicles traveling on Bangkok’s main roads during peak traffic hours. This paper first presents the development of a method for selecting representative road routes with traffic conditions that are representative of traffic in Bangkok for conducting real-world driving speed data collection. These real-world data are obtained by driving a car equipped with a speed-time data logger along those selected road routes. Several driving characteristics, including various profiles of microtrips, are analyzed from the collected speed-time data, and a number of target driving parameters are then defined for use as a set of criteria to justify the best driving cycle. A procedure for generating driving cycles from the analyzed real-driving data is also developed, and the method to select the cycle that is most representative of Bangkok traffic is described. Comparisons found in the study show that the target driving parameters of the newly developed driving cycle are much closer to those obtained from the real-world measured data than those calculated from the presently used European drive cycle. This would imply that the obtained driving cycle will produce more realistic results of the emissions and fuel consumption assessment tests for vehicles traveling in Bangkok. The methods developed in this study for route selection and driving cycle construction can easily be adopted by other big cities to develop their own vehicle driving cycles. Furthermore, although the developed methods are for passenger cars, similar approaches can be applied to develop driving cycles for other types of vehicle, such as city buses and pick-up trucks.     

基于MCTS-HM的重型汽车多参数运行工况高效构建方法

提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛树搜索 （Monte Carlo Tree Search,MCTS） 和启发式方法 （Heuristic Method, HM）的多参数运行工况高效构建方法。根据工况质量要求,选取表征行驶工况特征的速度、加速度和坡度参数相关指标,设计工况的目标函数;改进多个启发式方法,确保被作用后的工况序列仍可满足行驶工况动态转移特性;采用MCTS选择更适合的启发式方法,进而高效地收敛至多参数目标行驶工况。基于重型汽车实际采集的试验数据,多次分析结果表明,生成的多参数行驶工况所有特征指标相对偏差均可保持在设定阈值以内,表明生成工况与原始数据特征具备一致性;相比于纯随机启发式方法,该方法能快速构建多参数期望运行工况。     

合肥市道路汽车行驶工况的开发与研究

阐述了汽车行驶工况的开发程序和测试方法。通过对合肥市道路交通状况的调查,选择五条具有代表性的路段进行合肥市城区的汽车行驶工况的研究,采集了大量合肥城区道路汽车行驶数据资料,运用多元统计学方法进行了道路汽车行驶工况的解析,从而建立合肥市道路汽车行驶工况。     

老化循环对三效催化器的老化效果研究

为研究不同整车驾驶循环对车辆三效催化器热老化的效果差异,选取两辆配备同款发动机的满足国六排放标准的纯汽油车和油电混合动力车,分别进行AMA、SRC、WLTC和典型RDE循环,利用数据采集系统实时采集车辆运行参数和三效催化器床体温度。基于阿伦尼乌斯公式将不同循环16万km耐久性后的热老化程度量化为热损伤,并以RDE循环为参照基准,将不同测试循环行驶16万km换算成对应的实际道路等效行驶里程。研究结果表明:相同循环下,油电混合动力车三效催化器的16万km热老化程度低于纯汽油车;AMA和SRC循环对三效催化器造成的热老化程度明显高于相同行驶里程下的WLTC循环和RDE循环。纯汽油车以AMA循环或SRC循环进行16万km耐久老化,对三效催化器所造成的老化效果相当于在实际道路上行驶了51.84和60.30万km;油电混合动力车以AMA循环和SRC循环进行16万km耐久老化,对三效催化器造成的老化效果相当于在实际道路上行驶30.44和29.21万km。     

面向商用车行驶工况优化设计的高速公路工况识别

为解决商用车行驶工况优化设计中确定工况类型的问题,研究商用车行驶工况特性,提出一种基于朴素贝叶斯方法的高速公路工况识别方法。利用21辆长途运营商用车采集的106 200 km行驶工况数据,以3 km为单位进行分割,共获得35 230段有效试验路段数据(其中:高速公路27 986段;一般公路6 124段;城市公路1 120段)。以该数据为基础,根据朴素贝叶斯方法分析汽车运行过程中的平均速度和挡位统计信息,确定面向商用车行驶工况优化设计的阈值划分区间,获得相关的先验概率和条件概率,利用MATLAB软件进行编程计算,对高速公路工况进行了识别分析。研究结果表明:高速公路工况识别的正确率到达88.26%,高速公路工况被误判为一般公路工况的误判率为9.54%,高速公路工况被误判为城市公路工况的误判率为2.20%;基于朴素贝叶斯方法的高速公路工况识别能够为商用车行驶工况优化设计提供一种有效的高速公路工况识别方法。     

增程/插电式电动商用车控制策略和经济性分析

对一款增程/插电式电动商用车进行研发。设计了该电动车辆的系统拓扑结构,分析了其工作原理。基于中国典型城市工况下进行了车辆的行驶仿真,得到了增程/插电式商用车的油耗和经济性。     

插电式混合动力汽车低SOC能量流试验研究

为制定最优的能量分配策略,对某款插电式混合动力汽车在不同运行工况下的能量流进行分析。通过试验测试了低SOC状态下整车部件能量传递的相关参数,包括:温度、压力、转矩、转速和流量等,之后计算和分析整车的能量分布,并对比了NEDC和WLTC工况下整车能量流向和能量回收率。结果表明,在电池处于低SOC时,WLTC工况下的发动机平均油耗是NEDC工况平均油耗的1.6倍左右;且两种工况下车辆行驶所消耗的能量绝大部分来自于发动机;另外,WLTC工况行驶能量低于NEDC工况,其差值不足1%,但WLTC工况的能量回收率低于NEDC工况,其差值达2.31%。     

Lateral Collision Avoidance Robust Control of Electric Vehicles Combining a Lane-Changing Model Based on Vehicle Edge Turning Trajectory and a Vehicle Semi-Uncertainty Dynamic Model

This paper presents a new control scheme for lateral collision avoidance (CA) systems to improve the safety of four-in-wheel-motor-driven electric vehicles (FIWMD-EVs). There are two major contributions in the design of lateral CA systems. The first contribution is a new lane-changing model based on vehicle edge turning trajectory (VETT) to make vehicle adapt to different driving roads and conform to drivers’ characteristic, in addition to ensure vehicle steering safety. The second contribution is vehicle semi-uncertainty dynamic model (SUDM), which is SISO model. The problem of stability performance without the information on sideslip angle is solved by the proposed SUDM. Based on the proposed VETT and SUDM, the lateral CA system can be designed with H_∞ robust controller to restrain the effect of uncertainties resulting from parameter perturbation and lateral wind disturbance. Single and mixed driving cycles simulation experiments are carried out with CarSim to demonstrate the effectiveness in control scheme, simplicity in structure for lateral CA system based on the proposed VETT and SUDM.     

Emission-robust operation of diesel HEV considering transient emissions

In this paper, we consider a method to create an engine emission simulation model for cycle and customer driving of a vehicle. The emission model results from an empiric approach, also taking into account the effects of engine dynamics on emissions. We analysed transient engine emissions in driving cycles and during representative customer driving profiles and created emission meta models. The analysis showed a significantly higher correlation in emissions when simulating realistic customer driving profiles using the created verified meta models (< 1 % model error) compared to static approaches, which are commonly used for vehicle simulation. Therefore, a transient modelling approach is conducted, which shows a great increase in accuracy in customer driving operation.