基于航迹信息的舰船姿态角估计研究

提出了一种利用航迹信息估计出舰船目标姿态角的方法。该方法首先建立了舰船目标运动模型,然后采用Singer模型对舰船目标的雷达数据进行处理,最后对舰船目标航迹数据进行多项式拟合,使目标数据更加优化,进而精确地估计出舰船目标的姿态角。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地估计舰船目标姿态角。     

舰船航向非线性自适应鲁棒控制方法

舰船航行时由于存在线性干扰,使得航向控制方法鲁棒性较差。为此,提出舰船航向非线性自适应鲁棒控制方法研究。基于惯性坐标系的空间位置和姿态角,将舰船运动化为3个平面运动,建立舰船操作运动方程,依据运动方程,计算舵力及舵机特性,在考虑舵力的作用下,计算非线性控制律,去除线性干扰项,设计自适应鲁棒控制器,达到控制舰船航向的目的。测试结果表明:与传统的控制方法相比,设计的舰船航向非线性自适应鲁棒控制方法转艏角速度更接近0,且船首向角定向需要的时间更少,说明该控制方法鲁棒性更好,适合应用在舰船航向控制中。     

一种基于高阶谱特征的舰船目标识别方法

基于高分辨距离像(HRRP)的舰船目标识别问题,提出了一种基于高阶谱特征的舰船目标识别方法。在对舰船目标HRRP特性分析的基础上,首先利用姿态角进行方位约束筛选,然后通过高阶谱特征结合欧氏距离测度最近邻分类器进行识别匹配。通过10类军民船目标的实测数据进行测试,验证结果表明该方法在舰船目标识别领域具有很好的应用前景。     

基于恒星基准的舰船姿态计算方法

推导出了一种以恒星位置为基准的舰船姿态角计算方法，该方法以计算姿态转移矩阵为基础，结合最优化算法，建立了恒星位置为基准的星船坐标系，并以该坐标系为基准确立舰船姿态角，从而在一定程度上克服了因水平基准精度不高所带来的计算误差。     

机器学习算法的舰船路径跟踪误差估计

针对传统舰船路径跟踪误差估计方法存在误差估计性能较差的问题,设计一种机器学习算法的舰船路径跟踪误差估计方法,对舰船路径跟踪时的运动方向进行简化。根据其扰动状态对舰船路径跟踪实施扰动分析,获取舰船路径跟踪时的旋转角度与角速度。设舰船在初始跟踪位置开始跟踪目标船,通过轨迹跟踪获取目标船的参考运动轨迹,利用饱和输入约束获取舰船路径跟踪目标轨迹的控制参数,并将其作为目标船参考运动轨迹的决定优化变量,获取参考运动轨迹,利用机器学习算法对舰船路径跟踪误差进行估计。为了证明机器学习算法的舰船路径跟踪误差估计方法的误差估计性能较好,将传统方法与该方法进行对比实验,实验结果证明该方法的误差估计性能优于传统方法。     

船舶航向运动模型对比分析

文中对舰船平面运动进行了分析,并对国际电工委员会制定的航迹控制系统标准运动模型（IEC62065）,以及现在普遍使用的野本方程进行了解释说明及理论推导。并根据不同舵角情况下的航向角变化图,对比分析出两个模型的不同点,提出了野本方程的适用条件。     

区间平滑在船用INS/GPS姿态组合导航系统事后评估中的应用

组合导航系统事后区间平滑算法处理数据精度较在线滤波算法高,通常以经过事后处理的惯导状态信息作参考,对中低精度的舰船导航设备工作性能进行评估。在以速度、位置作为观测量的INS/GPS量测方程的基础上,增加姿态外部修正信息,采用固定区间平滑算法进行处理得出高精度的评估数据,进而分析舰船导航设备的数据输出精度。仿真分析结果表明,增加姿态信息并结合固定区间最优平滑算法的处理方法,可以使系统的姿态测量精度获得大幅度提高,并能克服最优滤波对平台误差角初期估计精度低的缺点,可以作为一种评估舰船导航设备工作性能的事后分析方法。     

舰船目标一维距离像多姿态角相关匹配识别

为提高高分辨雷达目标识别率,对多姿态角舰船目标一维距离像的相关匹配识别方法进行了研究。提出了一种以相关匹配法为基础,求取目标各姿态角一维距离像与模板之间的最大滑动相关系数,并与识别率建立对应联系,通过引入联合概率计算提高目标识别率的方法。这种方法较为贴近实际应用,在一定程度上提高了识别率,为目标识别提供了一条较为有效地途径。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的雷测数据实时剔野方法

在雷达目标跟踪过程中,受多种偶然因素的综合影响,雷测数据中包含有一部分野值,这会严重影响雷达跟踪的精度。常规数据处理理论不适用于动态测量数据的野值处理问题,论文依据EKF算法原理,以新息作为野值的判别准则,实时剔除雷测数据中的野值,并用最小二乘法对野值点的当前状态进行预测估计,提高了EKF算法的抗野值能力。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地剔除标校误差数据中的野值,可以提高目标跟踪的精度。     

大型舰船穿越海上桥梁过程安全性远程监测方法分析

为了提高大型舰船横穿桥梁时,其远程监测的有效监控范围,设计提出了一种基于舰船轨迹分析的新型安全性远程监测方法。建立固定坐标系和舰船航行坐标系,根据舰船航行重心G,明确船舶航迹及船位,通过三维点云数据提取技术,提取航迹特征值,根据聚类计算结果,求取船舶未来过桥时的有效路径及间距,建立远程传输通路和后台分析模块,通过知识库内预设的逻辑处理分析程序,对当前船舶轨迹特征信息和预设轨迹特征信息进行测评,实现舰船安全性远程监测。实验数据显示,该方法在顺向风流环境下,对舰船安全性远程监测有效监控范围提高了29%,说明该方法确实可以提高远程监控的有效监控范围,具有明显优势性。     

大型船舶航迹多变量随机最优控制

基于随机控制理论，研究了大型船舶航迹的随机最优控制。以Mariner号船舶为研究对象，建立了该船的运动方程和干扰模型，在此基础上，利用卡尔曼滤波器对航向角Ψ、舵角δ、船位信息(经纬度)等进行最优估计，采用LQG随机控制方法对航迹进行随机最优控制。仿真结果表明航迹控制性能良好，能精确保持航迹。     

GPS航姿测定方案及误差分析

该文提出了用两台ＧＰＳ接收机测量同一颗卫星所得的伪距差求算舰船的航向角和姿态角的方法，推证了航向角和姿态角的计算公式。通过误差分析，讨论了影响ＧＰＳ航姿测定的各项误差，提出了ＧＰＳ航姿测量方案。     

某三体舰船外形雷达隐身性设计

根据舰船外形雷达隐身设计的原理及方法,在分析已有研究成果的基础上,参考已有的隐身单体舰艇,对某三体舰船进行外形雷达隐身优化设计,提出某三体舰船外形雷达隐身设计方案;通过分析舰船RCS值计算方法,利用微波仿真软件CST来计算雷达散射截面积,对舰船隐身优化设计的效果进行评估。     

舰船惯导水平姿态误差动态自主评估与补偿方法

针对海上舰船惯导长时间工作而又无法获得外部导航校准信息、无法评估惯导水平姿态误差问题,提出利用惯导自身信息实现水平姿态误差评估与补偿的新方法。根据舰船稳速直航状态下的实际加速度值近似为零的特点,分析惯导等效加速度和惯导速度误差与水平姿态角误差之间的关系,建立海上舰船惯导水平姿态误差自主评估模型。仿真实验分析结果表明,提出的水平姿态误差动态自主评估与补偿方法,在不依赖外部导航信息条件下,实现惯导水平姿态误差动态自主评估与补偿,在给定的仿真实验条件下,水平姿态角误差最大值和振荡范围均减小了75.8%,有效提升了舰船惯导的水平姿态精度。     

Prediction method of hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull of a blunt-body ship in the even keel condition

The mathematical modeling group (MMG) model is well known and is widely used in the field of ship maneuverability. However, the MMG model can be applied only after determination of the hydrodynamic coefficients either from comprehensive captive model tests or from general empirical data. Around the cruising speed, when a ship's drift angle is relatively small, several methods have been developed to predict hydrodynamic coefficients from the ship's principal particulars, e.g., Kijima's method. Kijima's method is efficient in predicting the ship's maneuverability at the initial design stage and is even able to assess the effect of changes in stern design. Similarly, for the low speed range when a ship's drift angle is relatively large, several methods for predicting the ship's hydrodynamic coefficients have been proposed, based on captive model tests, such as those by Kose, Kobayashi, and Yumuro. However, most of the methods developed for low speeds cannot be applied to general ship types without additional experiments being performed. In contrast, Karasuno's method uses theoretical and empirical approaches to predict the hydrodynamic forces, even for large drift motions. Although Karasuno's model utilizes the ship's principal particulars and is applicable to a general vessel, it has not been widely used. This is because the form of Karasuno's model is relatively complicated and its accuracy around the cruising speed is less than that for other methods that have been specifically developed for the cruising speed range. A practical method for predicting hydrodynamic forces for the entire operating speed range of blunt-body ships is proposed in this article. It is based on the MMG model and predicts hydrodynamic coefficients based on a ship's principal particulars. A regression model for the proposed method has also been proposed by analyzing 21 different blunt-body ships. Finally, simulations of a very large 4-m crude carrier (VLCC) model using the proposed method were carried out and the results compared with free-running experiments (both at the cruising speed and at low speeds) to validate the efficacy of the model.     

舰载雷达两轴转台稳定方程推导

舰载雷达两轴转台系统机械结构简单,可对雷达天线法线的姿态角进行控制以保证雷达波束指向,但在舰船发生摇摆时,雷达波束绕天线法线发生旋转.本文分析了大地直角坐标系和舰船直角坐标系的关系,在舰船直角坐标系中对舰载雷达两轴转台系统的姿态角进行定义,用空间解析几何法推导出已知舰船平台罗经信号、天线法线姿态角时两轴转台系统的稳定方程和波束旋转角方程,为舰载雷达两轴转台系统的伺服控制和波束相关补偿提供理论依据.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship＇s track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability （ISS） theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques, a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently, a ship＇s linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University＇s ocean-going training ship ＇YULONG＇ are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship's track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability(ISS) theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques,a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently,a ship's linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University's ocean-going training ship 'YULONG' are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.