落实科学发展观 提高辽宁辖区船舶溢油应急处置能力

船舶数量的增多和船舶大型化，使海上因船舶交通事故引发的船舶溢油风险概率大增。一直以来。由于我国对船舶溢油应急处置能力建设的滞后，有效应对海上溢油尤其是突发性重大溢油事故的能力还很弱，因此，尽快提高溢油应急处置能力具有重大的现实意义。文中从提高对船舶溢油应急处置能力重要性的认识出发。科学分析了造成应急处置能力低的根源，并从落实科学发展观的角度，具体提出了有效提高海上溢油应急处置能力的方法和途径。     

我国沿海关键水域设定分道的认识和探讨

我国沿海船舶活动频繁且通航密度大、航线设计交汇叠加、会遇局面频繁发生、船舶交通事故及险情多发,在这样的航路上,规划和设立分道是目前最有效的方式。文中就沿海关键水域设定分道通航进行了探讨,以期优化我国沿岸航行船舶航路,努力减少我国沿海的航行风险。     

VTS系统在航道交通管理中的应用研究

针对目前港口航道交通管理的要求,探讨如何利用VTS系统对航道船舶交通和浮标实施有效的安全监控。利用航道水文气象数据通过具体的管理监控方法研究和报警装置的设置,对合理组织船舶交通、预防船舶误航、船舶航行动态信息提供等进行了研究和探讨。     

长洲枢纽三线四线船闸上游航线选择研究

为配合长洲枢纽三线四线船闸工程设计,判断中江布置方案可行性和合理性,采用定床物理模型试验和遥控自航船模试验相结合的研究手段,对长洲枢纽三线四线船闸中江布置方案的上游航线的航路进行研究。通过对工程河段水流特性、汊道分流比变化的分析,找出上游航线布置存在的主要问题,结合模型试验研究3条设计航线的通航水流条件和船模航行条件,对比分析3条航路的优劣,在此基础上,提出优选航路以及上游铁路桥和公路桥通航孔增设位置方案。     

4000 TEU内贸集装箱船船型开发综述

为提高船舶的经济性、适用性和竞争力,针对内贸箱船航运特点,介绍内贸集装箱船的研发设计思路及应考虑的问题。以4 000 TEU佳豪内贸箱船船型为例,根据该船型具有的低油耗、大载重吨、高装箱率、快捷牢靠的堆装系统,以及是目前国内最大的专用内贸集装箱船的特点,对该船型的各项性能指标做了较为系统的分析和探讨。     

长江南京以下12.5m深水航道落成洲航段平面调整探讨

长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道二期工程实施后,落成洲段航道整治效果显著,船舶流量增加且大型化趋势明显。受嘶马弯道弯急流大、10. 5 m航道与12. 5 m航道共存、下行大小型船舶混航等影响,落成洲航段通航环境复杂,2017年洪季出现多起上行大型船舶错误驶出12. 5 m航道水域而出浅的险情。根据河床演变、流场和通航行为等分析研究,落成洲航段可考虑向左侧调整主航道平面、增设下行推荐航路实现大小型船舶分道通航、应用虚拟航标、完善航道整治工程等措施,以达成安全高效的通航格局。     

Analysis of ship drifting in a narrow channel using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data

With maritime transportation has played an important role in global economy development, ship traffic has become more congested. Therefore, ships navigate under risk conditions, and thus maritime accidents have occurred frequently. Especially, ship passing through a narrow channel is even more dangerous. Because, the ships are easy to be affected by external forces such as wind and currents that can cause ship drifts. Many latent risks are present during navigation. In order for the development of a sensible and appropriate traffic model for the safety and efficiency ship navigation, this study has focused on the actual ship behavior to understand the ship drift in the Kurushima Strait, Japan, which is one of the most dangerous routes in Japan. The analysis of ship behavior was carried out using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. As a result, the ships drift was understood in detail, and the latent risk was unveiled when ships pass through the narrow route. Moreover, the risk areas were obtained and visualized by the ship drift behavior analysis. The obtained results can be applied to ensure safe navigation and the development of an eco-friendly and economy efficient for ship navigation.     

基于MC计算机仿真的新夏港河船闸通过能力计算

船闸通过能力与日平均过闸次数、一次过闸吨位、年通航天数、船舶装载系数以及运量不均衡系数有关,在船闸运营过程中这些因素都存在一定的不确定性,对船闸通过能力的计算产生很大的影响。为消除不确定性因素的影响,采用基于MC法的计算机仿真研究船闸通过能力,并以新夏港河船闸年过闸货运量作为研究对象予以说明。运行结果表明,计算机仿真能够较好地应对不确定性问题,为船闸工程建设中船闸通过能力计算提供理论依据。     

船舶油污染的现状与对策的探讨

通过对我国沿海发生船舶油污染事故的现状和危害的分析,提出加强防油污染的对策和建议.     

Consensus Building in Oil Spill Response Planning Using a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

Major accidental oil spills still affect ecologically and economically sensitive marine areas and shorelines, even though environmental programs and policies have led to an increase of ship safety measures. The aim of decision making during oil spill response management is to minimize pollution effects on coastal areas, once spills occur. However, limited equipments or options prevent such a globally satisfying combat strategy. Thus, often preferences between different coastal areas or uses, respectively, have to be made in an operational way. Such a management issue is here taken as a multigroup multicriteria decision-making problem involving a variety of stakeholders and natural dynamic environments. For solving such a complex problem, this article proposes a second order fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) model, which takes the influence of multiple criteria and the knowledge of different interested groups into account and further provides a basis for simulating a voting-based decision process. With the combination of oil fate simulations and FCE technique, managers are able to realize an integrated management for oil spill. Through a case study of the Prestige accident off the Spanish coast in 2002, it is demonstrated that the model provides a simple, effective and adaptable method to solve operational management problems related to complex human nature interactions as realized during oil spill management. Moreover, a series of analyses and comparisons are focused on to explore potentials and limitations of the FCE for further applications in the field of multigroup multicriteria decision making.     

Environmental risk evaluation criteria

This paper describes an approach to incorporating environmental risk evaluation criteria within IMO’s guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Such criteria are currently absent from FSA, and the discussion to include them has just started. Said criteria are relevant for evaluating on a cost-benefit basis Risk Control Options (RCOs) for reducing oil spill pollution risk. Oil pollution may comefrom any ship, including bunker spills from non-tank vessels. RCOs are not necessarily ship-based, and may include vessel traffic management information systems (VTMIS) and other options. The proposed approach may be useful in extending FSA to cover environmental risk evaluation criteria and combines such criteria with criteria already in use in FSA. It can also readily be extended to environmental consequences other than oil pollution. Recent IMO developments on this matter are also reported.     

仿真技术在船舶碰撞事故再现中的应用

船舶碰撞的研究始终是航行安全或海上交通安全研究领域的热点问题。介绍了应用船舶操纵模拟器模拟碰撞过程的仿真技术,它是目前进行海上事故鉴定和事故分析的重要技术手段。首先利用仿真技术对当事船舶的碰撞过程进行实时动态仿真,再通过船舶碰撞事故分析软件(船舶碰撞事故分析系统2.0)进行分析,最后的仿真结果对船长、驾驶员具有重要的参考价值,也为海上安全主管机关调查处理船舶碰撞事故提供一种新的途径。     

Impact scenario models for probabilistic risk-based design for ship–ship collision

A number of authors have proposed probabilistic risk based ship design for ship–ship collision, conditional to the local trading area of a vessel. The probability of collision and consequences are determined based on the traffic conditions in which a vessel is expected to operate. This paper investigates the adequacy of currently available models for impact scenarios, i.e. models linking the traffic conditions to the conditions at the moment of collision. An exploratory statistical model is presented to establish such a link. A probabilistic risk based design case study is performed for a fleet of RoPax vessels trading on a specified route in the Gulf of Finland. The available impact scenario models from the literature are compared with the developed probabilistic evasive maneuvering model. The results show that the impact scenario models have a very significant influence to the calculated hull breach probabilities. No well-justified impact scenario models are presently available and also the presented probabilistic evasive maneuvering model is burdened with uncertainty. Hence, to move toward a probabilistic risk based ship design paradigm for ship–ship collision in a local trading area, more focus and research is needed to establish a credible link.     

镇江扬中港区船舶上行进港航路航法分析

为保障扬中港区进港船舶的航行安全和航路畅通，对逆驶进港航法的可行性进行理论分析和实船试验研究。比较上行船舶按《定线制》进港和逆驶进港的两种航路航法的优缺点。计算表明，南槽下行通航分道宽度满足代表船型船舶双向通航的要求。实船试验结果表明，采取一定的通航安全维护措施，船舶逆驶进港的通航安全能够得到有效保障，航行秩序能够得到有效维护，逆驶进港航法是可行的。     

船舶水上交通相对风险随机性的贝叶斯分析

船舶水上交通风险的评估一直是业内研究人员十分重视的研究课题。采用贝叶斯概率理论方法，通过贝叶斯统计、估计，结合国内引航及航运单位的船舶事故的实际情况，进行了事故发生频率与后果情况的贝叶斯概率评估。并着重就贝叶斯方法在船舶水上交通风险评估中的随机性特性问题进行了探讨。结论证明贝叶斯评估方法得到的结果具有良好的评估效果。     

基于能效管理的船舶航速系统优化设计

在目前航运业市场低迷、运力过剩的境况下,航运企业愈发重视对燃油成本的控制,对航速节油也有了更多的要求.为此,提出基于能效管理的船舶航速系统优化设计,计算船舶营运的经济航速.并结合航次的航线、航向、航速及每段航线的天气、水文等信息,对船舶营运航速的模型进行不断优化调整,指导船舶航行,为船舶及船岸操作提供决策支持,以达到优化节能的目的.     

基于分数阶PIλDμ的船舶航向控制

船舶在海上航行时受到海风、海浪和海流等环境扰动作用,这造成在不同航速下船舶动力学模型的参数不确定性,本文对船舶本体运动和风浪流干扰进行建模,提出一种基于分数阶PIλDμ的抑制风浪干扰的的航向控制算法,并与传统 PID算法进行对比,针对某型船舶动力学模型在6级海风和5级海浪海况下进行对比数字仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法在不同航速下具有较好的控制品质和鲁棒性,对风浪干扰具有良好的适应性,可应用于船舶的航向控制,易于工程实现。     

The choice of ship size on deep-sea general cargo routes †

The introduction of unit load methods, particularly the cellular container system, has been associated with a large increase in ship size on some of the world's major general cargo routes. In this sector, ship size is determined by a set of interactions between handling performance, route length, traffic flow, itinerary, requirements for frequent and regular service, port costs and general system organization. This paper explores these relationships to identify major influences and to consider the prospects for further growth.     

The choice of ship size on deep-sea general cargo routes

The introduction of unit load methods, particularly the cellular container system, has been associated with a large increase in ship size on some of the world's major general cargo routes. In this sector, ship size is determined by a set of interactions between handling performance, route length, traffic flow, itinerary, requirements for frequent and regular service, port costs and general system organization. This paper explores these relationships to identify major influences and to consider the prospects for further growth.     

船舶操纵模拟技术在坝区河段航线选择中的应用

利用船舶操纵模拟技术模拟分析湘江典型代表船型在长沙枢纽坝区河段的航行情况,结合该河段的通航水流情况、可能的航行冲突区情况等通航环境特点,研究不同航路上下行规则下船舶的会遇情况。结果表明:上下游锚地之间的航段,无论采用各自靠左还是各自靠右的航路规则均可;在下游桥区,采用各自靠右的航路规则更优;两种航路规则下,口门区的交叉点数量相同,对于交通流的影响是一致的,需要在调度过程中避免船舶在潜在冲突区的交叉。