Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

Influence of AC system design on the realisation of tractive efforts by high adhesion locomotives

The main task for heavy haul railway operators is to reduce the cost of exported minerals and enhance the long-term viability of rail transport operations through increasing productivity by running longer and heavier trains. The common opinion is that this is achievable by means of implementation of high adhesion locomotives with advanced AC traction technologies. Modern AC high adhesion locomotives are very complex mechatronic systems and can be designed with two alternative traction topologies of either bogie or individual axle controls. This paper describes a modelling approach for these two types of AC traction systems with the application of an advanced co-simulation methodology, where an electrical system and a traction algorithm are modelled in Matlab/Simulink, and a mechanical system is modelled in a multibody software package. Although the paper concentrates on the analysis of the functioning for these two types of traction control systems, the choice of reference slip values also has an influence on the performance of both systems. All these design variations and issues have been simulated for various adhesion conditions at the wheel–rail interface and their influence on the high traction performance of a locomotive equipped with two three-axle bogies has been discussed.     

重载运输车侧向调平控制系统研究

结合虚拟样机技术和控制系统仿真技术对自行式重载运输车的自动调平系统进行了设计研究,建立了运输车横向半车多刚体动力学模型,并针对该模型设计了模糊控制器。联合仿真研究结果表明,模糊控制策略能对车架横向倾斜有很好的控制效果。调平精度达到0.17°,调节时间约为1.6s,能够满足调平系统高精度和快速度的要求。     

全自动泊车系统的模型设计与仿真

全球汽车保有量的增多,直接造成城市交通的拥堵以及停车位空间的减小。随之而来的就是泊车安全性问题,新手驾驶员或疲劳驾驶人员如何能在不发生碰撞的情况下,快速安全地泊车入库,成为当下研究的热点。针对以上问题,本文将对全自动泊车系统展开研究。基于B样条曲线设计出泊车路径,基于滑模变结构与预瞄方式进行泊车路径的跟踪。最后通过搭建SIMULINK与CARSIM仿真模型进行联合仿真。     

基于模糊控制的车辆侧倾稳定性联合仿真

利用ADAMS/Car建立起车辆虚拟样机模型,通过试验验证了模型的正确性;在模糊控制方法的基础上,设计出横摆角速度反馈控制器和质心侧偏角反馈模糊控制器,以及两者联合反馈控制的模糊控制器;最后通过ADAMS/Car与MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真对这3种控制器进行研究.为车辆侧倾稳定性控制提供了一种有效的方法.     

电动车辆动力系统设计及联合仿真

通过分析电动车辆对驱动电机转矩和转速的要求,以一电动车辆为例,选定了永磁无刷直流电机作为驱动电机,利用MATLAB中电气模块SimPowerSystems建立电机及其控制器仿真模型,设计了包含转速PID和电流滞环控制的双闭环控制策略;根据整车三维实体模型中硬点位置,在ADAMS中建立了整车机械仿真模型.通过MATLAB...     

HFSS和CST应用于过孔模型的协同仿真研究

基于过孔的实际参数,利用HFSS和CST建立了六层高速PCB板过孔的全波分析理论模型。在1-10GHz频段,研究过孔的四个重要参数,包括孔径及内外径的差值比、过孔长度、基板介电常数等,对信号传输性能的影响;并选择射频常用频点,f=5GHz进行了仿真验证,得到了优化信号完整性的设计参数：内径不大于10rail,外径不大于25mil,过孔长度小于55rail,内外径差值越大越好,比值优化为l：2．3。仿真结果表明：理论模型是实际有效的,并且优化的设计参数可以保证过孔的阻抗连续性和较小的反射损耗、插入损耗。这对高频PCB板的设计有很好的指导意义。     

基于ADAMS/Simulink联合仿真的弓网振动控制分析

文章通过三维软件绘制精确的某型受电弓的模型,将其导入ADAMS中,利用ANSYS软件对其中的板弹簧等弹性体进行网格划分使其成为柔性体,对接触网进行建模并在ADAMS中与受电弓进行装配,在虚拟样机中实现完整的弓网耦合模型。通过软件仿真得到相关的动力学数据,并通过ADAMS与simulink的联合仿真对其进行控制,从而实现完全利用虚拟样机模拟弓网关系的目的。     

车辆主动油气悬架系统分层控制策略的研究

基于虚拟样机技术构建了工程车主动油气悬架控制系统的数字开发平台.针对工程车行驶路况的不确定性、部分参数的时变性和油气悬架系统的强非线性,提出了有限带宽主动油气悬架系统分层控制策略,并设计了基于遗传算法的模糊PID上层力控制器和基于模型的下层电压控制器.将该控制算法集成到悬架控制系统数字开发平台中进行联合仿真.结果表明,所研制的有限带宽主动悬架分层控制器可显著改善车辆的行驶平顺性.     

基于ADAMS和AMESim的升降鳍板锁紧系统特性仿真

以ADAMS为平台,结合Pro/E中建立的三维模型和AMESim中建立的液压系统模型,建立升降鳍板锁紧系统的机械液压联合仿真模型.对升降鳍板运动特性、液压缸活塞杆伸缩速度以及受力、销轴应力应变等进行分析.基于虚拟样机技术对该锁紧机构进行的研究,缩短了产品的研发周期,提高了产品研制的一次性成功率,提高了研究质量,降低了研制成本.