一种基于地图辅助的自动驾驶视-惯融合定位方法

视觉同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, SLAM)方法广泛应用于自动驾驶领域。传统的方法利用车载摄像头表征车辆周围环境，同时估计自身位置，当车辆运动过快时，定位精度和鲁棒性会下降。针对此问题，本文提出一种地图辅助的视-惯融合定位方法。该方法在ORB-SLAM2(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF SLAM2)的基础上拓展地图保存功能，将建图和定位拆分为两个独立模块，车辆首先以较慢的速度构建并保存具有视觉特征的地图，然后，在第2次运行时车载计算机调用预先保存的地图实现精确且稳定的定位性能。由于构建地图阶段采用了图优化算法融合惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)的信息，地图误差得到有效校正。在KITTI数据集场景和实际场景中验证了所提方法的良好性能。实验结果表明，所提方法在4, 8, 16 m·s-1 驾驶速度下的定位精度分别为2.59，2.61，2.73 m，图像失帧率和路径丢失率分别为3.76%和1.38%，3.89%和1.69%，4.27%和1.84%。相比原始的ORB-SLAM2方法，系统定位精度和鲁棒性均得到了提高。     

基于粒子群算法的水下多元线阵阵形有源校正方法

针对存在阵元位置误差的水下多元线阵,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的远场有源阵形校正方法.该方法选用2个辅助源分时工作方式,利用无条件最大似然方位估计算法构建目标函数,并通过粒子群算法对阵元位置进行寻优.利用该方法对均匀线阵进行性能仿真实验.结果表明:该方法稳健性好、校正精度高,具有一定的应用前景.     

基于GPS与图像融合的智能车辆高精度定位算法

车辆自定位是实现智能车辆环境感知的核心问题之一.全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)定位误差通常在10 m左右,不能满足智能车辆的定位需求;惯性导航系统成本较高,不适于智能车辆的推广.本文在视觉地图基础上,提出一种基于GPS与图像融合的智能车辆定位算法.该算法以计算当前位置距离视觉地图中最近一个数据采集点的位姿为目标,首先运用GPS信息进行初定位,在视觉地图中选取若干采集点作为初步候选,其次运用Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)全局特征进行特征匹配,得到一个候选定位结果,最后通过待检测图像中的局部特征点与候选定位结果中的三维局部特征点建立透视n点模型(Perspective-n-Point,Pn P),得到车辆当前的位姿,并以此对候选定位结果进行修正,得到最终定位结果.实验在长为5 km的路段中进行,并在不同天气及不同智能车辆平台测试.经验证,平均定位精度为11.6 cm,最大定位误差为37 cm,同时对不同天气具有较强鲁棒性.该算法满足了智能车定位需求,且大幅降低了高精度定位成本.     

Improved algorithm for distributed localization in wireless sensor networks

Many sensor network applications require location awareness,but it is often too expensive to equip a global positioning system(GPS) receiver for each network node.Hence,localization schemes for sensor networks typically use a small number of seed nodes that know their locations and protocols whereby other nodes estimate their locations from the messages they receive.For the inherent shortcomings of general particle filter(the sequential Monte Carlo method) this paper introduces particle swarm optimization a...     

基于EDV-Hop的免测距定位算法研究

为了更好地提高无线传感器网络节点定位精度,降低定位成本,针对APS算法存在的不足,提出一种新的免测距定位算法EDV-Hop,通过限制跳数实现局部范围内的定位信息提取,同时调整平均每跳距离,以此提高定位精度。在网络随机部署和任意节点密度的条件下估算节点位置,并从精度和有效性两个方面进行度量。仿真结果表明,EDV-Hop算法比DV-Hop具有更好的定位性能,它能够减少节点间通信量,降低通信成本,提高定位精度。     

深水浮式生产设施一体化海洋监测系统国产化分析

针对深水浮式生产设施的全方位监测,开展海洋平台监测系统发展和应用现状的国内外调研,阐述一体化海洋监测系统（Integrated Marine Monitoring System,IMMS）关键技术。引入深海一号能源站监测系统实例进行海洋监测系统国产化探索,分析海洋监测系统国产化的发展方向,为今后深水浮式生产设施的安全完整性管理提供借鉴。     

路面破损特征量的激光检测研究

为科学准确地计算出某一路段沥青路面的破损量,降低维护费用,研制了路面破损激光检测系统,应用激光测距仪、倾角传感器、陀螺仪等先进电子传感器对路面的破损特征量进行三维测量和定位,来检测路面的破损程度及通过坐标变换法计算出沥青路面的总破损体积量。     

An range-free localization scheme for large scale underwater wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we study an area localization problem in large scale underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The limited bandwidth, the severely impaired channel and the cost of underwater equipment all make the underwater localization problem very challenging. Exact localization is very difficult for UWSNs in deep underwater environment. We propose a range free method based on mobile detachable elevator transceiver (DET) and 3D multi-power area localization scheme (3D-MALS) to address the challenging problem. In the proposed scheme, the ideas of 2D multi-power area localization scheme (2D-ALS) and utilizing DET are used to achieve the simplicity, location accuracy, scalability and low cost performances. The DET can rise and get down to broadcast its position. And it is assumed that all the underwater nodes underwater have pressure sensors and know their z coordinates. We evaluate the performances of 2D-ALS and our proposed 3D-MALS schemes under both ideal and non-ideal channel propagation conditions, in terms of localization error and localization ratio. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme is much more efficient than the 2D-ALS.     

Constrained submap algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping

When solving the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), a standard extended Kalman filter (EKF) is subject to linearization errors and causes optimistic estimation. This paper proposes a submap algorithm, which builds a weighted least squares (WLS) constraint between two adjacent submaps according to the different estimations of the common features and the relationship between the vehicle poses in the corresponding submaps. By establishing the constraint equation after loop closing, re-linearization is implemented and each submap’s reference frame tends to its equilibrium position quickly. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm could get a globally consistent map and linearization errors are limited in local regions.     

带阻尼失谐周期多跨连续梁的振动局部化问题

利用传递矩阵法分析研究了带阻尼失谐周期多跨梁中的振动局部化现象,将阻尼和失谐对于近周期结构的动力性能的影响进行了比较,并分析了两者同时存在时引起的综合效应与它们各自的影响之间的关系．结果表明：在无阻尼周期结构中处于“通频”范围内的振动能够传遍整个结构而不会发生衰减,但当结构中存在阻尼或失谐时,同样的振动在传播过程中将会发生指数衰减．