Hydro- and aerodynamic analysis for the design of a sailing yacht

The results of the design analysis for a sailing yacht’s hull and sails are reported. The results were used to confirm the design of a 30 ft long sloop, which was planned, designed, and built in Korea for the first time in history. Flows around a sailing yacht above and under the free surface were analyzed separately using both computational and experimental methods. For the underwater flow analysis, turbulent flow simulations with and without free surface wave effects were carried out for the canoe hull with keel/rudder. The computed drag and side forces on the hull model were compared with the measurement data obtained from the towing tank experiments. In order to assess the sail performance, another set of computations was carried out for the flow around a sail system composed of main and jib sails with a mast. The present study demonstrates that, for the design analysis of a sailing yacht, computational fluid dynamics techniques can be utilized with a reasonable level of confidence.     

舰船惯导航行数据的重构及混沌特性分析

针对现有舰船航行数据处理研究中,对数据内在属性及不同数据间相关性研究不够深入的问题,应用不同方法对舰船惯导航行数据进行了相空间重构及比较分析。分析结果表明,C-C方法对船舶惯导航行数据的重构效果较好。在此基础上,进行了惯导数据的混沌特性定性分析,并计算了惯导数据的最大Lyapunov指数,对舰船惯导数据进行了混沌动力学特性研究。分析结果证实了舰船航行数据具有较为典型的混沌特性,为进一步研究采用混沌控制等方法对舰船航行中的混沌状态进行控制提供必要的数据基础和比较依据。     

Oil spill risk analysis of routeing heavy ship traffic in Norwegian waters

Norwegian authorities have for a long time been concerned about the risk of oil spills outside the Norwegian coast. One of the key measures adopted has been to reduce the risk of ship accidents by imposing sailing routes for heavy ship traffic (over 5,000 gross tonnages) with high environmental risk potential farther away from part of the coast. This article is based upon two reports which conducted risk assessments of imposing such sailing routes outside the entire Norwegian coast. These routes were proposed by an expert group consisting of relevant stakeholders. Data of traffic pattern and number of sailing were collected for the year 2008 using the universal Automatic Identification System (AIS). The proposed route was compared with 2008 traffic pattern in regard to the accident frequencies and the expected oil spills per year. An accident and oil spilling simulation program called MARCS was used to simulate these results. After conducting a traffic forecast for the year 2025, the simulation was again run and the results compared with the year 2008. In total, the proposed route is expected to reduce oil spills by 590 t per year in 2008 and by 3670?t in 2025. The main reason for this substantial reduction is that the number of groundings is reduced because of the distance from the shore being increased. The reduction was particularly strong for tankers.     

半潜式起重船波浪载荷预报

采用数值分析软件Sesam/HydroD对某半潜式起重船在航行状态和起重作业状态下的波浪载荷进行长期预报和短期预报.在航行状态下,预报得到的最大波浪弯矩和剪力分别为规范值的1.4倍和2.0倍,用于进行结构疲劳评估(超越概率为10-2)的波浪弯矩最大预报值约为用于进行结构强度评估(超越概率为10-8)的波浪弯矩最大预报值...     

Cargo handling productivity. Part 2. The findings

This is the second of two papers on cargo handling productivity presenting the results of the model developed int he first [1] which had been designed to test a productivity measurement method with cross-sectional empirical data. Four productivity measures were employed. Two related cargo handling to time, with labour brought into the analysis as an independent variable. The third productivity measure expressed total throughput as an aspect of labour productivity, while the final measure was a full productivity index developed by relating output to both capital and labour.

The productivity measurement technique demonstrated that this method can be used for cross-sectional studies and can cope with and allow for variation in non-controllable extraneous factors, thus proving useful for policy decision-makers in shipping lines and/or port authorities.

This paper presents the results of the prodictivity analysis for which the analytical design was decribed in Part 1. The first section briefly restates the productivity indices developed. The principal results and tests on these measures are present in Section 2 with conclusion following in Section 3.     

Productivity change in Nigerian seaports after reform: a Malmquist productivity index decomposition approach

ABSTRACT

During the 1990s, Nigerian seaports were considered inefficient, unsafe due to massive cargo theft (wharf rat phenomenon) and one of the most expensive port systems in the world. This resulted in long turnaround times for ships and increased container dwell times. As a result, port operations were transferred to the private sector through concession contracts. This paper employs a Malmquist productivity index (MPI) technique to benchmark pre-and post-reform total factor productivity growth of the six major Nigeria seaports (Apapa, Calabar, Onne, Port Harcourt, TinCan Island and Warri) for the period 2000–2011 which represents six years before (2000–2005) and six years after (2006–2011) the reform. The results indicate progress in technical efficiency of the ports after reform but deterioration in technological progress. Overall productivity growth was higher in the pre-concession period compared to the post-concession period. The source of pre-concession period productivity growth was technological progress while the change in productivity of the post-concession period is generated by an increase in scale efficiency. This suggests that concessionaires have not brought in the much anticipated investment in modern technology to drive port efficiency. The ports of Calabar and Apapa experienced the highest productivity growth while lowest result was Onne.     

龙滩升船机中间渠道通航条件试验

通过对龙滩水电枢纽两级升船机中间渠道内航行条件的水工模型试验研究,结果表明:中间渠道内船舶(队)单向航行速度小于2.0 m/s时,船行波、航行阻力和船体下沉量均不大;中间渠道直线段宽为32 m时,宜采用航、停的会让方式,航速应<1.5 m/s,而船舶宜停泊在右航线上;船舶(队)转弯时的航迹带要宽,因此不应有转弯段等航速会船。     

澳东到新加坡最佳航法

全面阐述了大型船舶从澳大利亚东部到新加坡的航路、航法、潮流及通过该区域的注意事项,并将最近走过此航路的体会进行了汇总,为船舶从澳东到新加坡航行提供了具体详尽的资料和指导。     

风帆助航船非线性横摇倾覆概率研究

风帆助航技术为船舶利用可再生能源提供了途径,但随着横摇的幅度加大,导致船舶倾覆的概率也增大。文章采用数值分析的方法对风帆助航船舶的非线性横摇方程进行分析求解,对有风帆助航与无风帆助航船在风浪作用下产生倾覆的概率作了比较,为采用风帆助航技术的远洋船舶在符合初稳性和气象衡准稳性条件下的横摇倾覆防范提供研究思路。     

船舶航速优化原理研究

恒速航行原理是船舶航行节能的一个重要规律。将船舶航速的优化抽象为对目标函数求极值的数学问题,分别建立离散、连续时间模型,分析讨论了固定时间端点与滑动时间端点不同边界条件对模型求解的影响。结果表明,恒速航行船舶总耗功最小;优化航速不仅与航行要求如规定的路程、时间有关,还与推进功率系数及辅助功率有关。研究方法可为船舶航行降低功耗以及制定航行计划提供参考。     

VLCC风帆船航态及负荷变化对推进因子的影响研究

文章针对一条VLCC风帆助推船舶开展水池快速性模型试验研究,通过开展直航、系列变漂角、系列变舵角等工况的模型阻力和变负荷自航试验,研究船舶在风帆助航工况下由于航行姿态和螺旋桨负荷变化引起推进效率的变化规律.基于系列变漂角、变舵角的试验分析结果,开展了船舶自航因子的统计回归分析,据此可开展VLCC风帆助推船在特定航行工况的节能收益评估.论文研究表明:该VLCC船舶航态及航行负荷变化对船后推进因子和推进效率影响有其规律性;本文开展的试验研究和分析方法可对此类风帆助推船舶的节能收益进行定量评估.     

冬季中日航线上中小型船舶的安全航行

冬季的中日航线主要受两类天气系统的影响一类是来自大陆的强冷空气的影响;另一类是温带气旋的影响。本文主要讨论冬季在该航线上的中小型船舶如何避开强风,保证航行安全。     

新加坡自引抛锚

就船舶从马六甲海峡和新加坡海峡东部航行到新加坡锚地的航法和自引抛锚的方法以及抵达该区域抛锚的注意事项进行全面阐述,并将最近自引抛锚的体会进行汇总和介绍,为船舶在新加坡自引抛锚提供具体详尽的参考资料和指导。     

船舶变频空调风机节能技术研究

应用当量温差计算法对欧—亚航线上船舶在不同航区的空调动态负荷和风机可调送风量进行了定量描述;阐述了变频技术应用于空调风机的途径;得出了空调风机变频调速,舒适性好,节能率高达５８％以上,具有广阔发展前景的结论     

Vertical and horizontal bending moments on the hydroelastic response of a large-scale segmented model in a seaway

Wave-induced vertical bending moment (VBM) and horizontal bending moment (HBM) on a large-scale segmented model with a box-type backbone beam in short-crested irregular seas are systematically analyzed using sea trial measurement data. New insights into the relationship between nonlinear VBM and HBM of the ship sailing in short-crested sea waves are explored and presented. The results indicate that the HBM significantly contributes to the total sectional loads when the ship is sailing in a seaway and the HBM has a strong correlation with VBM in both magnitude and tendency. Therefore, design loads of HBM and the corresponding lateral structural strength issues should also be concerned in addition to VBM at the ship design phase.     

M船型阻力模型试验研究

为准确评估M船型的水动力特性,掌握该船型的阻力特性和船型特征,对该船型进行阻力模型试验研究。通过测定不同排水量、不同重心纵向位置下船模的阻力值、纵倾角及重心升沉值,研究排水量和重心纵向位置对该船型阻力性能的影响。试验结果表明：M船型具有与常规滑行艇不一样的阻力特性,该船型拥有2个高速阻力峰,当航速持续增大越过第1个高速阻力峰后,阻力值有明显的回落,当航速继续增大越过第2个高速阻力峰后,阻力值基本保持不变,且2个高速阻力峰出现的航速与排水量大小和重心纵向位置的相关性不大。     

内河船舶航行阻力计算方法讨论

通过分析计算实船和船模试验实测资料 ,对山区河流和丘陵河流船舶航行阻力计算方法的区别以及船队航行阻力的计算方法进行了探讨 ,并提出了相应的计算公式     

Supply and demand for the Eastern Canadian Arctic Sealift

The annual sealift of cargo to the Canadian Arctic has long been an essential part of the livelihood of Inuit communities. Over the past two decades, many structural changes were brought to this service and the demand has grown substantially. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of these changes by analysing demand and supply for Eastern Canadian Arctic sealift services. This analysis is based on Canadian Coast Guard vessel movement data and Statistics Canada port traffic data. It reveals that between 1987 and 2010, continuous and extreme variations in demand made it quite difficult for ship operators to adjust carrying capacity and optimise productivity. Yet, the recent industrial and population growth in the region has enabled them to reach significant gains in fleet utilisation levels.     

中间渠道交汇区尺度及船舶航行方式研究*

利用自航船模试验,研究两级单线航道中间渠道供船舶交汇错船的交汇区尺度及船舶航行方式。试验表明,中间渠道交汇区通过斜导墙缩窄分别与上、下游通航建筑物连接,过渡段长度大于2倍船长是合理的。参考相关标准和设计规范确定交汇区宽度和船舶航行方式,确保一线船舶停泊另一线船舶以正常航速航行能在交汇区顺利进行交汇,以提高通航建筑物通过能力和船舶航行安全性。     

船舶进出承船厢水力特性试验

采用遥控自航船模和牵引船模相结合的方法,对船队进出船厢的水力特性进行了试验。成果表明:船队进出厢的航行阻力和下沉量取决于船厢断面系数和进出厢的速度。断面系数减小,航速增加,阻力和下沉量增大;出厢的阻力和艉沉均大于进厢;结合国内的部分研究成果以及国内外的工程实践,初步提出了承船厢尺度的确定原则。