浅水中船舶水动力特性数值计算

本文对浅水中船舶水动力特性进行数值计算研究.采用RANS方程结合RNG K-ε两方程湍流模型,对一方形系数0.6的系列60船模在浅水中的阻力、升沉、纵倾和兴波进行数值计算,其中自由面采用VOF方法处理;计算中,水深Froude数范围0.6～1.8,包含了临界和超临界水深Froude数.数值计算得到的阻力、升沉和纵倾与模型试验结果及采用三维扩展Boussinesq方程的计算结果进行了比较分析,吻合较好,部分计算结果得到改进.     

浅水中半小水线面双体船概念设计的阻力分析（英文）

Resistance analysis is an important analytical method used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of High Speed Craft(HSC). Analysis of multihull resistance in shallow water is essential to the performance evaluation of any type of HSC. Ships operating in shallow water experience increases in resistance because of changes in pressure distribution and wave pattern. In this paper, the shallow water performance of an HSC design concept, the semi-Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull(semi-SWATH) form, is studied. The hull is installed with fin stabilizers to reduce dynamic motion effects, and the resistance components of the hull, hull trim condition, and maximum wave amplitude around the hull are determined via calm water resistance tests in shallow water. These criteria are important in analyzing semi-SWATH resistance in shallow water and its relation to flow around hull. The fore fin angle is fixed to zero degrees, while the aft fin angle is varied to 0o, 5o, 10o, and 15o. For each configuration, investigations are conducted with depth Froude numbers(Fr H) ranging from 0.65 to 1.2, and the resistance tests are performed in shallow water at the towing tank of UTM. Analysis results indicate that the resistance, wave pattern, and trim of the semi-SWATH hull form are affected by the fin angle. The resistance is amplified whereas the trim and sinkage are reduced as the fin angle increases. Increases in fin angle contribute to seakeeping and stability but affect the hull resistance of HSCs.     

Resistance analysis of a semi-SWATH design concept in shallow water

Resistance analysis is an important analytical method used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of High Speed Craft (HSC). Analysis of multihull resistance in shallow water is essential to the performance evaluation of any type of HSC. Ships operating in shallow water experience increases in resistance because of changes in pressure distribution and wave pattern. In this paper, the shallow water performance of an HSC design concept, the semi-Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (semi-SWATH) form, is studied. The hull is installed with fin stabilizers to reduce dynamic motion effects, and the resistance components of the hull, hull trim condition, and maximum wave amplitude around the hull are determined via calm water resistance tests in shallow water. These criteria are important in analyzing semi-SWATH resistance in shallow water and its relation to flow around hull. The fore fin angle is fixed to zero degrees, while the aft fin angle is varied to 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°. For each configuration, investigations are conducted with depth Froude numbers (Fr _H ) ranging from 0.65 to 1.2, and the resistance tests are performed in shallow water at the towing tank of UTM. Analysis results indicate that the resistance, wave pattern, and trim of the semi-SWATH hull form are affected by the fin angle. The resistance is amplified whereas the trim and sinkage are reduced as the fin angle increases. Increases in fin angle contribute to seakeeping and stability but affect the hull resistance of HSCs.     

浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

基于DAWSON法小水线面双体船模型兴波阻力及浮态预报

针对小水线面双体船型,基于Dawson法,通过船体局部网格快速划分迭代求解船体模型在不同航速下的兴波阻力、纵倾、升沉以及不同航态下的湿表面面积变化,并给出预报结果与模型试验结果的对比。     

Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water

A computational method for improving hull form in shallow water with respect to wave resistance is presented. The method involves coupling ideas from two distinct research fields: numerical ship hydrodynamics and nonlinear programming techniques. The wave resistance is estimated by means of Morinos panel method, which is extended to free surface flow and considers the influence of finite depth on the wave resistance of ships. This is linked to the optimization procedure of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique, and an optimum hull form can be obtained through a series of iterations giving some design constraints. Sinkage is an important factor in shallow water, and this method considers sinkage as a hydrodynamic design constraint. The optimization procedure developed is demonstrated by selecting a Wigley (C _B = 0.444) hull and the Series 60 (C _B = 0.60) hull, and new hull forms are obtained at Froude number 0.316. The Froude number specified corresponds to a lower than critical speed since most of the ships operating in shallow water move below their critical speed. The numerical results of the optimization procedure indicate that the optimized hull forms yields a reduction in wave resistance.     

基于数值模拟的船艏抗气泡性能分析

对船舶静水中航行问题进行了CFD数值模拟,分析了船艏抗气泡性能。为获得船体周围气泡分布规律,在船前来流中添加气泡,并基于拉格朗日描述法追踪气泡的运动。根据计算得到的气泡分布特点,通过修改船艏线型改善了船舶的抗气泡性能。此外,开展了模型试验,通过船体表面的流线验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。     

Numerical study of viscous wave-making resistance of ship navigation in still water

The prediction of a ship＇s resistance especially the viscous wave-making resistance is an important issue in CFD applications. In this paper, the resistances of six ships from hull 1 to hull 6 with different hull forms advancing in still water are numerically studied using the solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which was developed based on the open source code package OpenFOAM. Different components of the resistances are computed and compared while considering two speed conditions （12 kn and 16 kn）. The resistance of hull 3 is the smallest while that of hull 5 is the largest at the same speed. The results show hull 3 is a good reference for the design of similar ships, which can provide some valuable guidelines for hull form optimization.     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of bank effects including verification and validation

Restricted waters impose significant effects on ship navigation. In particular, with the presence of a side bank in the vicinity of the hull, the flow is greatly complicated. Additional hydrodynamic forces and moments act on the hull, thus changing the ship's maneuverability. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics methods are utilized for investigating the bank effects on a tanker hull. The tanker moves straight ahead at a low speed in two canals, characterized by surface piercing and sloping banks. For varying water depth and ship-to-bank distance, the sinkage and trim, as well as the viscous hydrodynamic forces on the hull, are predicted by a steady state Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes solver with the double model approximation to simulate the flat free surface. A potential flow method is also applied to evaluate the effect of waves and viscosity on the solutions. The focus is placed on verification and validation based on a grid convergence study and comparisons with experimental data. There is also an exploration of the modeling errors in the numerical method.     

浅水中低速斜航船舶水动力预报及验证与确认分析

浅水中的斜航船舶受到浅水阻塞效应和不对称流的综合影响。为预报该运动中的船舶水动力,文章采用基于定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学方法,对浅水中做斜航运动的船舶粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。考虑低航速运动的特点,忽略航速影响下的自由面兴波,由数值计算得到水动力系数在漂角影响下的变化规律。针对计算精度问题,在数值模拟中从验证和确认角度分析和评估计算结果：通过网格收敛性分析分析数值误差与不确定度;结合试验数据考察计算模型的误差。此外,从计算区域尺度、湍流模型、边界条件、船体下沉和纵倾作用方面对模型误差的影响因素进行探讨,可为改进计算模型、提高数值模拟精度提供参考依据。     

赤水河机动驳新船型浅水快速性能试验研究

针对两艘机动驳船,其一为赤水河现有优秀船,隧道尾型称为对比船,其二为武汉理工大学开发研制的双尾新船型,称为设计船,进行了不同水深、不同装载工况的浅水阻力性能、推进性能试验研究.探讨了不同船型、水深变化和装载工况变化对船舶浅水快速性能影响,给出了一些有益的结论.     

半滑行船扰流板阻力试验研究

半滑行船的航行姿态对船体阻力影响较大。为研究扰流板对半滑行船的降阻作用,首先在3种典型载况下,确定了船模未加扰流板的阻力、纵倾及升沉;然后在这3种载况下,于船模艉部添加扰流板,与静水未添加扰流板时船模的阻力和航态作比较,且不同航速时扰流板的设置不同。实验结果表明:合理的扰流板高度可以减小半滑行船的纵倾角和阻力;扰流板的降阻效果与船模的压载有关,其中满载情况下的降阻效果最为明显,最大可达6%。     

非线性兴波数值方法在高速三体船侧体布局方案比较中的应用

为使三体船侧体布局方案阻力性能比较更加可靠,对单体船非线性自由面边界条件的兴波阻力预报程序进行改进,成功开发了考虑升沉和纵倾影响的三体船非线性兴波阻力预报程序,对15种侧体布局方案的Wigley三体船兴波阻力进行计算,并将其与线性薄船理论计算结果、线性自由面条件的Dawson型方法计算结果、模型试验结果进行比较,表明非线性兴波阻力数值方法能够更好地反映三体船兴波阻力特性,用于三体船侧体布局优化设计时较其他2种数值方法更加可靠.     

船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

大方形系数双尾船浅水下沉量与纵倾计算

用Rankine源面元法数值计算某内河大方形系数双尾船的浅水下沉量及纵倾,计算得到的船体纵倾值随航速的变化在浅水孤独波出现前与试验结果较一致,而下沉量的计算值则明显小于有关试验值,有关数值处理方法仍须进一步探讨。     

基于CFD技术的散货船线型优化研究

随着CFD技术的逐渐成熟,该技术已被应用于线型母型的选取和线型优化等设计流程中。依托"计算流体力学的实用化研究"项目,以17.5万dwt散货船为研究对象,应用CFD软件和优化软件来改进该船的阻力性能及伴流场。选取船体艏部三个特征参数和艉部两个特征参数作为优化变量并针对每个改型进行数值模拟,并将该船原型及艏、艉部分别优化所得线型进行模型试验,试验结果与数值研究方法的结论一致。     

考虑航行姿态变化的的高速船阻力性能预报

为了精确获得高速船的航行阻力,计及航行姿态变化对其阻力的影响。基于CFD理论,本文通过耦合求解计及黏性的RANS和船体运动方程的方式实时预报船体受力,船体根据受力进行姿态调整,最终达到平衡,以此预报船舶在高速运动稳定后的航行姿态及阻力。并将一系列的数值计算结果与试验数据对比分析,数值计算结果和实验数据吻合良好。船舶设计工作者可以参考数值计算结果辅助船体型线设计,其具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于CFD技术的滑行艇静水阻力计算

滑行艇作为一种高性能船舶,被广泛地应用于军事、运输、娱乐等方面,而滑行艇的阻力性能备受人们关注。本文基于CFD技术开展了滑行艇阻力计算研究,分析了时间步长与近壁面网格划分对计算精度的影响。数值计算结果表明,时间步长和近壁面网格划分的不同主要影响的是滑行艇的摩擦阻力以及艇底的气液分布情况。选择合理的参数设置可以使数值计算结果与试验较好地吻合,证明了CFD技术计算滑行艇阻力的可行性。     

乌江思林和沙沱升船机船舶超吃水可行性研究

针对乌江思林、沙沱两座升船机船舶1.6 m吃水控制标准导致载货量偏低的实际问题,开展超吃水船舶进出升船机船厢系统性的实船试验,论证船舶吃水标准提升的可行性。结果表明,船舶出厢为控制性工况,2.0 m吃水船舶正常出厢实测最大下沉量16.46 cm,富余水深大于30 cm;基于实船试验数据改进的下沉量预测公式,将船舶实际下沉量预测精度提高1倍以上;按目前2座升船机运行水位协调机制,上下游水位变化在10 cm以内,船舶最大吃水提升至2.0 m是可行的。建议在运行中按照1.8~2.0 m吃水逐步放宽控制标准。     

内河大型自航绞吸挖泥船浅水阻力数值计算

利用CFD方法计算某内河大型自航绞吸挖泥船在浅水状态下的总阻力。在不同水深及不同航速下对船模周围流场进行数值模拟,计算过程考虑自由面的影响。将计算结果与模型试验作比较,计算结果有较高的可靠性。并通过分析这类船型的流场分布进一步理解船舶在浅水航行中的阻力成因。