串列螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报

为了分析串列螺旋桨的水动力性能,本文运用计算流体动力学理论,结合雷诺时均 RANS方程和相对运动参考坐标系对其三维定常粘性流动进行数值模拟。应用 Fortran语言编制程序计算螺旋桨的型值点,并采用三次样条曲线拟合各点,建立串列桨三维模型。以某一串列螺旋桨作为研究对象,得到螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数以及流域内速度分布等水动力特性参数,并给出敞水性能曲线。计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证了数值方法的可行性和准确性。     

船体伴流对直翼推进器水动力性能的影响

[目的]直翼推进器是一种特种推进器,其借助从船舶底部伸出并围绕垂直轴往复式摆动的桨叶产生精准且无级可调的推力,有必要研究敞水和伴流条件下直翼推进器的水动力性能.[方法]首先,通过分析直翼推进器的工作原理,推导出叶片的多重运动规律公式;然后,基于RANS方程和κ-ε湍流模型,采用滑移网格技术计算直翼推进器的敞水性能;最后...     

用准定常升力线理论预报螺旋桨在非均匀流场中的性能

本文应用准定常升力线理论预报船用螺旋桨的性能,建立了适合中型计算机的程序。通过四个桨模的敞水试验和性能计算结果比较表明,对于计算螺旋桨的推力与转矩系数,只要应用升力线理论加上简单的粘性经验修正及升力面影响修正,不必作边界层计算即可得到比较满意的结果。伴流场中单个叶片推力与转矩脉动计算表明,用升力线作计算时,伴流产生的水流弯曲对推力、转矩脉动有较明显的影响,对推力偏心度则影响不大,计算所得的推力、转矩脉动可供计算主机扭振及轴系振动的外力作参考。     

波浪中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能研究（英文）

The speed of a ship sailing in waves always slows down due to the decrease in efficiency of the propeller. So it is necessary and essential to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves. This paper is based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of hydrodynamics performance when the propeller is under wave conditions. Open-water propeller performance in calm water is calculated by commercial codes and the results are compared to experimental values to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The first-order Volume of Fluid(VOF) wave method in STAR CCM+ is utilized to simulate the three-dimensional numerical wave. According to the above prerequisite, the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under wave conditions is conducted, and the results reveal that both thrust and torque of the propeller under wave conditions reveal intense unsteady behavior. With the periodic variation of waves, ventilation, and even an effluent phenomenon appears on the propeller. Calculation results indicate, when ventilation or effluent appears, the numerical calculation model can capture the dynamic characteristics of the propeller accurately, thus providing a significant theory foundation forfurther studying the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in waves.     

Statistical consideration of propeller load fluctuation at racing condition in irregular waves

Propeller load fluctuation in rough sea conditions is caused by two components: one is the fluctuating inflow velocity and the other is the emergence of the propeller disk from the water. Such disturbances cause large fluctuations in engine power and revolutions, and can lead to the failure of the propulsion plant, which is unacceptable in extreme seas. However, due to strong nonlinearity in the effect of propeller emergence and nonlinear interactions with the inflow velocity in the propeller torque fluctuation, the procedure for obtaining the statistical properties of the propeller torque in extreme sea conditions is not clear. If the statistical properties of propeller torque fluctuation—such as the variance and the probability density function—are known, the corresponding statistics of the response of the engine can be obtained, allowing the safe operation of ship propulsion plants in extreme irregular seas to be assessed.     

Optimal matching investigation of marine contra-rotating propellers for energy consumption minimization

To minimize the energy consumption of contra-rotating propellers (CRPs), the optimal matched rotational speeds of the forward propeller (FP) and rear propeller (RP) of CRP are investigated based on the potential-based panel method. The optimal matching problem of a set of CRP405 is investigated. The open-water hydrodynamic performances of CRP405 with the FP and RP having the same rotational speed are calculated and the method is validated. The hydrodynamic characteristics of CRP405 with changing FP and RP rotational speeds are investigated. The cubic spline interpolation method is used to determine the equal thrust line at which CRP405 generates the target thrust while keeping the inflow velocity constant. A series of equal thrust points on the equal thrust line is selected for the analysis of the delivered power. The rotational speeds of the FP and RP corresponding to the minimal delivered power are the optimal matched rotational speeds of CRP405. The optimal matching calculations are carried out at different inflow velocities. The results show that, under the condition of a low inflow velocity, properly increasing the rotational speed of the FP and decreasing the rotational speed of the RP are the most direct and efficient ways to reduce the energy consumption and avoid the negative effect of the net torque of the CRP on the transverse stability.

     

数值水池船模自航试验方法研究

同时考虑自由液面、真实螺旋桨的旋转运动,在数值水池实现了船/桨整体流场的数值计算。在既定航速下,推力与船体阻力为螺旋桨转速的函数,通过变化转速得到自航点。文中数值计算得到的自航点与物理水池试验自航点吻合良好。根据数值自航试验结果,不仅可通过积分的方法计算伴流分数与推力减额分数,还可详细分析螺旋桨进流与桨叶的速度、压力分...     

导管螺旋桨的推力、进速与诱导速度沿盘面的分布特征

运用计算流体力学方法对在不同工况中导管螺旋螺旋桨的推力、转矩以及螺旋桨周围的流场特性进行观察,对导管螺旋桨盘面处的进速、诱导速度的沿盘面的分布以及螺旋桨所发出的推力与周围速度场之间的关系进行分析。计算结果表明,由于导管出口处激发出的下游尾涡作用,螺旋桨推力、转矩、盘面的进速以及诱导速度分量的时域过程表现出了一种多次峰谷值振荡变化的动力学特征;轴向进速是影响螺旋桨推力、转矩变化的主要因素。     

冰与螺旋桨相互影响下推进器扭矩和轴系荷载响应关联研究（英文）

Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces interact with the propeller and cause irregular fluctuations of the torque load. As a result, the propeller and engine dynamics become imbalanced, and energy propagates through the propulsion machinery system until equilibrium is reached. In such imbalanced situations, the measured propeller shaft torque response is not equal to the propeller torque. Therefore, in this work, the overall system response is simulated under the ice-related torque load using the Bond graph model. The energy difference between the propeller and propeller shaft is estimated and related to their corresponding mechanical energy. Additionally, the mechanical energy is distributed among modes. Based on the distribution, kinetic and potential energy are important for the correlation between propeller torque and propeller shaft response.     

Propeller torque load and propeller shaft torque response correlation during ice-propeller interaction

Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces interact with the propeller and cause irregular fluctuations of the torque load. As a result, the propeller and engine dynamics become imbalanced, and energy propagates through the propulsion machinery system until equilibrium is reached. In such imbalanced situations, the measured propeller shaft torque response is not equal to the propeller torque. Therefore, in this work, the overall system response is simulated under the ice-related torque load using the Bond graph model. The energy difference between the propeller and propeller shaft is estimated and related to their corresponding mechanical energy. Additionally, the mechanical energy is distributed among modes. Based on the distribution, kinetic and potential energy are important for the correlation between propeller torque and propeller shaft response.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

船模自航试验数值模拟研究

基于SHIPFLOW软件,对螺旋桨敞水试验、船舶阻力试验和自航试验进行数值模拟,并依据试验结果验证。发现数值模拟能够较好地预报螺旋桨的推力系数、扭矩系数、船模的阻力系数和自航因子及推进效率,为船舶的线型设计和螺旋桨设计提供有效的数值参考。     

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化的实用计算方法

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化规律是研究舰船在风浪中速航性能的重要方面。本文参照有关文献,提出了一种计算风浪中螺旋桨推力、转矩损失的实用定量计算方法,既可用于较精确地估算舰船在风浪中的增阻和失速,还可供提高舰船在风浪中速航性的研究和螺旋桨设计参考。     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

基于MRF方法和滑移网格的螺旋桨水动力性能研究

本文基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对多重参考系模型(MRF)及滑移网格模型(SM)在计算螺旋桨水动力性能时的差异进行了探讨。将以上两种模型应用到4381螺旋桨的水动力性能计算中,首先将计算得到的推力系数及转矩系数与试验数据进行了对比,考察了两种计算模型对螺旋桨的敞水性能的预测情况,并进一步对两种模型计算得到的螺旋桨盘面的速度场、桨叶的压力分布、桨后涡量云图等进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,滑移网格模型相较于多重参考系模型,对螺旋桨的推力系数的模拟结果误差更小,扭矩系数方面,两种模型的模拟结果相差不大；对于进速系数较大时,两种模型模拟得到的压力分布及速度分布较为相似,但对于高负荷情况,滑移网格模型可以更好地捕捉桨叶的压力分布及桨盘面处的速度分布情况；进速系数较小时,多重参考系模型可以模拟出涡结构的发散现象,而滑移网格模型可以更好的在高进速系数情况下捕捉到梢涡结构。     

毂帽鳍的节能机理分析

应用计算流体力学方法（CFD）,结合 RNG湍流模型和动参考系计算模型（MRF）,对普通桨和桨+毂帽鳍的敞水水动力性能进行计算,通过对毂帽鳍及螺旋桨叶片的受力情况进行研究,结合普通桨和桨+毂帽鳍2种情况的桨后尾流场分析,结果表明,桨后毂帽鳍上产生的推力和扭矩有限,桨+毂帽鳍的节能机理主要是利用毂帽鳍削弱了毂涡,改善了桨后流场周向速度,提高了前桨的推力,从而提高了效率。     

紧急制动及紧急向前时螺旋桨绕流的大涡模拟

船舶在港口停泊或在过驳、动力定位作业过程中需要进行复杂的操纵,此时船舶需要在低速非设计工况下实现后退、紧急制动和紧急向前等运动。在这些低速操纵运动过程中,螺旋桨工作于四象限内,由此产生的侧向力会影响船舶的操纵性能。出于安全考虑,需要评估螺旋桨在四象限内的水动力性能。文章基于CFD方法模拟了螺旋桨在四象限内作业时的紧急制动和紧急向前工况,采取LES方法模拟了紧急制动和紧急向前时剧烈的非定常分离流动。对紧急制动工况进行了网格收敛性分析;所得到的推力和扭矩系数与现有的试验值进行了比较,分析了螺旋桨负荷对螺旋桨性能的影响。通过对桨叶表面的压力分布、一些典型平面上的速度轮廓和流线以及推力的频谱特性进行分析,展示了螺旋桨流动的机理。     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

基于滑移网格技术计算螺旋桨水动力性能研究

基于RANS方程的CFD软件数值模拟螺旋桨定常和非定常的水动力性能.定常计算采用多重参考系MRF模型,分别采用标准k-ε的湍流模型,RNG k-ε湍流模型和Reliable k-ε湍流模型模拟在不同进速系数时的推力系数和转矩系数.将模拟的数值结果与试验值相比较,计算结果表明,采用Reliable k-ε湍流模型计算出的推力系数与转矩系数与试验值基本吻合,并以该结果为初始场,通过滑移网格技术,采用单机并行计算螺旋桨非定常水动力性能.相较于定常计算结果更加接近试验值,说明滑移网格技术具有更高的精准度,更加适用于计算螺旋桨的水动力性能.     

数值波浪水池及顶浪中船舶水动力计算

基于粘流理论建立了三维数值波浪水池,模拟了非线性波浪,并对规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力进行了计算.数值模拟中,控制方程-RANS方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理;在入口边界模拟柔性造波板运动产生入射波,使用位于波浪水池尾部的人工阻尼区消波.给出了非线性规则波的模拟结果以及规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力计算结果,并与理论解及DUT(Delfi University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.