道路运输市场化评价指标体系研究

本文在界定道路运输市场化内涵的基础上,参考经济市场化程度评价指标体系,结合道路运输业发展实际,给出了道路运输市场化评价指标体系,并对这些指标进行分析测算,指出当前道路运输市场化进程的阶段性成果及未来有待进一步完善之处。     

企业道路运输车辆卫星定位系统评价方法研究

自2010年交通运输部组织开展道路运输动态监控系统建设以来,道路运输动态监控系统在道路运输安全管理中发挥了越来越重要的作用,目前已建成覆盖全国31个省市四级架构的全国重点营运车辆联网联控系统.目前对各运输企业在系统使用效果方面缺少完善公正的评价方法.本文重点研究了企业道路运输车辆卫星定位系统评价方法,从评价内容、评价指标、指标权重等方面建立了企业道路运输车辆卫星定位系统评价方法.     

安徽：转变发展方式，提高运输质量

道路运输最朴素的目标是为全社会提供安全、便捷、优质的道路运输服务,最理想的状态是实现“人便其行,货畅其流”。为了能够更好地满足社会对道路运输的需求,转变发展方式,提高运输服务质量是道路运输行业义不容辞的责任。     

道路货物网络化运输的服务类别和发展模式

基于我国道路货物运输的发展现状,以探索推行道路货物运输网络化的发展模式为主线,以提高道路货物运输组织效率和行业发展水平为最终目标,阐述道路货物网络化运输的概念及内涵,对网络化运输服务进行了划分,构建了我国推行道路货物网络化运输的两类发展模式,并利用图示和文字结合的方式对其进行了分析评价。     

优秀危运企业经理人的制胜秘诀

交通运输部先后印发的《道路运输经理人职业能力评价管理规定》、《高级道路运输经理人资格考核认定办法》和《道路运输经理人从业资格实施办法》,标志着我国道路运输经理人管理已经纳入法制化轨道,继从业人员管理规定后,道路运输行业又建立了一套从业人员资     

我国道路运输服务业发展评述

道路运输服务是指对在公共道路上使用汽车或其他车辆从事道路旅客或货物运输及其相关业务活动的总称。道路运输业是综合运输体系中服务范围最广、承担运量最大、运输组织最灵活、运输产品最多样、就业人员最多的运输方式,在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文对道路运输服务水平作了理论解释,对我国道路运输服务做出了正反两方面的评价,并分析了问题的原因。     

甘肃省道路运输市场化水平分析及建议

文章参考当前国内经济市场化程度测评指标体系，结合道路运输业发展特点及实际，构建了道路运输市场化评价指标体系，并利用该指标体系对甘肃省道路运输市场化发展水平进行了定量分析，综合测算了当前甘肃省道路运输市场化进程的阶段性成果。同时，针对当前甘肃省道路运输市场发展中存在的问题，提出了推进道路运输发展的对策。     

道路运输经理人制度建设任重道远

日前,交通运输部先后印发了《道路运输经理人职业能力评价管理规定》、《高级道路运输经理人资格考核认定办法》和《道路运输经理人从业资格实施办法》(以下简称"一个规定、两个办法"),标志着我国道路运输经理人制度正式建立。道路运输经理人制度是继经营性道路客货运输驾驶员从业资格制度、道路危险货物运输从业人员从业资格制度和机动车检测维修专业技术人员职业水平评价制度后,道路运输行业建立的又一项从业人员资格管理制度。以往的几个制度比较注重一线操作人员的准入和培养机制,而"一个规定、两个办法"则对道路运输的经理人这个关键环节祭出了制度法器,这将对道路运输行业的发展带来重大影响。     

各地认真落实考核工作

《道路运输经理人职业能力评价管理规定》、《高级道路运输经理人资格考核认定办法》和《道路运输经理人从业资格实施办法》印发后,全国大部分省(区、市)启动了高级道路运输经理人资格考核认定落实工作,各地交通运输主管部门和道路运输管理机构根据部的统一布置,迅速行动,宣传动员,认真实施高级道路运输经理人资格考核认定等各方面相关工作。     

道路运输企业发展甩挂运输的效益研究

甩挂运输是一种先进的运输组织方式,是提高道路运输效率的重要手段,对于促进节能减排,推动道路运输业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对某一具体甩挂运输企业构建数学模型并从固定成本、变动成本两个方面对其进行经济效益评价,从油耗、二氧化碳排放量和污染物排放量三个方面进行节能减排评价,进而论证得出了甩挂运输具有提高经济效益和节能减排的优势。     

运政管理应对运输市场竞争策略初探

文章根据我国道路运输市场的形成和发展实际,从运输市场竞争的正负面影响和利弊角度思考,对运政管理应对越来越激烈的运输市场竞争作初步的探讨,提出相关应对策略和措施。这对新形势下激发大家自觉维护正常的道路运输市场秩序、共同遏制过度竞争造成的负面影响有着重要的意义和促进作用。     

The spatial productivity of transportation infrastructure

Transportation infrastructure services may cause an impact on the economy of the region in which they are located and, additionally, they are likely to have an impact on other regions. This effect has been labeled the spillover effect. In this study, the existence of direct and spillover effects of road, railway, airport and seaport infrastructure projects is tested by estimating a production function. Together with this primary objective, two common concerns in the literature are addressed: the lack of theoretical foundations for spatial econometrics models and the likely endogenous relationship between transport infrastructure and economic development. The estimated production function takes the form of a Spatial Durbin Model and is estimated using panel data from the 47 peninsular Spanish provinces by alternatively applying a Maximum Likelihood estimator and Instrumental Variables/Generalized Method of Moments estimators. According to the estimates, road transport infrastructure positively affects the output of the region in which the infrastructure is located and its neighboring provinces, while the remaining modes of transportation projects cause no significant impacts on average.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009

Road transport is the major source of global greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector, contributing about three quarters towards the total transport emissions. This study used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 2 approach to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009. Key transport emitting sources, trend analysis and modal intensities were determined for the two countries. For South Africa, provincial road transport emissions were calculated from the number of vehicles by vehicle type and distance travelled. Calculations were at a national level in Lesotho. Road transport carbon dioxide equivalent emissions were estimated at 43.5 million tonnes in South Africa and 0.28 million tonnes in Lesotho in 2009. Motorcars and trucks produced 70.6% of the total road transport emissions in South Africa. Road transport emissions increased by approximately 2.6% per year between 2000 and 2009 in South Africa, while they increased by approximately 2.5% per annum in Lesotho over the same period. Gauteng province had the highest emissions, contributing approximately a third of total road transport emissions in South Africa; while the Northern Cape contributed only 2%. Minibus taxis were the most efficient transport mode on the basis of load carried. The Northern Cape had the highest emissions per passenger-kilometres and tonne-kilometre while the North West had the lowest. Trend assessment showed that emissions from trucks increased rapidly while emissions from other modes of transport decreased over the study period.     

Transportation system in the future

The paper begins with a review of the major features of the transport policy of the European Community. It continues with an assessment of the likely characteristics of future transport supply, identifying the particular competing developments in road and air transport which would affect the success of high speed rail investments such as that proposed between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg.     

Improvement of the volume-delay function by incorporating the impact of trucks on traffic flow

In current transportation modelling, travel time is the most important factor in decisions regarding transport modes, destinations and routes. The calculation of travel time is deployed by volume-delay functions (VDFs), a sub-model of route assignment procedure, using the correlation between increasing numbers of vehicles on a road and the road's restrictive capacity. By investigating existing VDFs, a clear gap is seen, demonstrating that current functions are not suited to reflect the empirically known large impact of trucks on passenger car travel times. This issue becomes crucial when transport models are used to reflect future scenarios where goods transportation is expected to increase greatly, and when transport models combine passenger and commercial traffic. This paper presents a new VDF which successfully includes trucks’ impact on traffic flow in the case of Germany and, with slight deviations, for North America. The function is developed using ideal-type data for German motorways. The differences between German and US data and their implications for VDFs are also discussed.     

Fuel demand,road transport pollution emissions and residents’ health losses in the transitional China

In recent years, China’s rapid economic growth resulted in serious air pollution, which caused substantial losses to economic development and residents’ health. In particular, the road transport sector has been blamed to be one of the major emitters. During the past decades, fluctuation in the international oil prices has imposed significant impacts on the China’s road transport sector. Therefore, inspired by Li and Zhou (2005), we propose an assumption that China’s provincial economies are independent “economic entities”. Based on this assumption, we investigate the China’s road transport fuel (i.e., gasoline and diesel) demand system by using the panel data of all 31 Chinese provinces except Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. To connect the fuel demand system and the air pollution emissions, we propose the concept of pollution emissions elasticities to estimate the air pollution emissions from the road transport sector, and residents’ health losses by a simplified approach consisting of air pollution concentrations and health loss assessment models under different scenarios based on real-world oil price fluctuations. Our framework, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to address the transmission mechanism between the fuel demand system in road transport sector and residents’ health losses in the transitional China.     

Integrated analysis of land-use and transport policy interventions

Analysing the impact of urban policy interventions on urban growth, land use and transport (LUT) is crucial for urban planners, transport planners and policy-makers, especially in rapidly growing cities. This paper presents a cellular automata-based land-use/transport interaction model – Metronamica-LUTI – for Jeddah that is used to analyse the impact of different proposed policy interventions under two urban growth scenarios for the period 2011–2031. Used as an integrated policy impact assessment tool, the model demonstrates a strong reciprocal relationship between LUT in Jeddah. This study shows that relevant spatial information and integrated policy impact assessment can provide rich insights into the interaction between LUT, the appropriate policy to consider in place and time which traditional planning practice and typical static urban models cannot do.     

道路交通安全评价方法研究

随着道路运输的快速发展,我国的交通安全形势也不容乐观。为更好的确保人民出行安全,需在道路建设初期进行安全评价。本文利用德尔菲法进行两轮专家调查,建立了较为科学完善的道路安全评价指标体系;利用层次分析法合理确定各评价指标权重,从系统工程学角度建立了一套可量化、操作性强的道路安全评价机制。