基于ADAMS-Isight联合仿真的电子机械制动器增力机构结构参数优化

设计一种新型肘杆增力式机械制动器,为了优化该制动器增力机构的结构参数,在ADAMS软件平台上建立参数化模型,并进行初步仿真,获得该增力机构的初始增力效果。基于Isight软件集成ADAMS,以增力机构输出稳定最大夹紧力为目标进行优化设计,采用优化拉丁方实验设计方法设计试验变量,对得出的近似模型通过序列二次规划法(non-linear pragramming by quadratic lagrangian, NLPQL)进行针对增力机构输出夹紧力的单目标优化,最终得到结构参数局部最优解。研究表明:优化后的增力机构具有更好的增力系数,有利于降低对电子机械制动器中电动机的性能要求,降低生产成本。     

净化微型增压节油器简介

我省科技工作者曹振兴同志经过十多年的潜心研究，理论与实际结合，通过反复试验，成功开发一项实用多缸汽油发动机节油、增力、净化汽车排气污染的实用新型产品——“净化微型增压节油器”，并于2001年2月获国家实用新型专利产品，专利号：ZL00223125。     

汽车鼓式驻车制动系统故障及排除

介绍了轻型汽车自动增力鼓式驻车制动系统常见故障现象,原因分析及相应的排除方法。     

哑铃型桥梁结构畸形波浪力水槽试验及简化算法

为研究畸形波浪参数对新型哑铃型桥梁结构波浪力的影响，开展一系列波流水槽模型试验.首先，分析谱峰频率、频率范围及聚焦位置对哑铃型桥梁结构周围的波面时程图及波峰的影响；其次，阐明上述波浪参数对结构畸形波浪力时程图及波浪力峰值的影响规律；最后，基于经典绕射理论，提出适用于新型哑铃型桥梁结构畸形波浪力谱的简化计算方法.研究结果表明：谱峰频率、聚焦位置及频率范围对结构周围的波面位移影响均较小，差异均小于3%.谱峰频率和聚焦位置对哑铃型桥梁结构畸形波浪力有较大影响，当谱峰频率从0.6 Hz增加到1.1 Hz时，顺波向波浪力呈先增后减的变化趋势，变化幅度最高达11.0%，垂向浮托力则下降了57.0%；当频率范围从0.5 Hz增加到0.8 Hz时，顺波向波浪力下降了2.1%，垂向浮托力增大了5.9%；当聚焦位置从结构物的迎浪侧移动到背浪侧时，引起的结构顺波向波浪力变化幅度小于5%，垂向浮托力变化幅度小于3%.经过试验数据和理论分析结果的对比表明，基于绕射理论提出的简化算法可有效计算畸形波作用下哑铃型桥梁结构的波浪力谱模型.     

船舶倾斜对不同行人流疏散效率影响的数值分析

为研究船舶倾斜对船上人员疏散过程的影响,在基础社会力模型中引入行人倾斜力和自调整力,构建一种考虑船舶倾斜状态的改进社会力模型,通过比对前人实验结果验证模型的有效性。增加行人视角范围,确定周围行人作用的有效范围;结合MATLAB仿真单向、对向、交叉和多向行人流场景,分析不同倾斜状态对行人疏散速度的影响,并拟合疏散时间随倾斜角度变化规律。仿真结果表明：船舶倾斜角小于15°的情况下,行人速度会有小幅下降,但对整体疏散过程影响不大;当倾斜角超过15°时,行人行走速度会迅速下降,整体疏散时间也会急剧增加,并与倾斜角度呈六次关系变化。基于此,船舶倾斜状态下的最佳疏散时机为倾斜角小于15°。     

城市路段转向换道流量的理论计算方法

为解析城市路段的复杂换道特征,从城市路段多向输入、多向输出、短距离等典型特征入手,分析由于交通规则和路由选择引起的确定性城市路段转向换道行为。通过对城市路段典型渠化方式的理论建模,建立城市路段转向换道流量及转向换道率的理论计算方法。计算分析多向输入和多向输出对城市路段转向换道流量的影响。结果表明：在路段入口输入流量不变的情况下,随着路段出口左转和右转流量比例增加、直行比例减少,路段转向换道流量呈现先增大后减小趋势;随着出口左转和右转车道数增加、直行车道数减少,转向换道流量也呈现先增大后减小趋势。     

交通行业标准《单元式多向变位梳型板桥梁伸缩装置》通过审查

根据交通标准化计划，由中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程分会归口，由宁波路宝科技实业集团有限公司等单位承担的交通行业标准《单元式多向变位梳型板桥梁伸缩装置》于2008年5月7日在北京通过审查。     

增材制造技术发展和在先进轨道交通装备中的应用展望

从增材制造技术的应用现状出发，概述了几种增材制造技术的特点和应用范围；介绍了典型的金属增材制造最新研究进展；考虑现有增材制件存在的固有缺陷、残余应力和裂纹等问题，总结了能有效改善成形增材制件质量的后处理工序；梳理了增材制件疲劳性能的影响因素，重点阐述了缺陷与增材制件疲劳损伤的关联性；探讨了增材制造技术广泛应用所涉及的关键技术；系统总结了金属增材制造技术在国内外轨道交通装备领域的应用现状。研究结果表明:由于热源和工艺参数不同，增材制造技术制备材料的组织特性和力学性能存在差异；增材制造的钛合金、铝合金以及其他前沿金属材料在轨道交通装备领域具有较好的应用前景；合理的后处理工艺可以有效控制缺陷的形成，消除残余应力，减少微裂纹；缺陷作为制约增材制造技术在制造行业应用的关键因素，研究其分布规律和探究其与疲劳性能的关系，对增材制件的疲劳性能评估有重要作用；从材料规范、成形精度、质量控制、生产效率、生产链以及无损检测技术等方面，综合增强增材制造关键技术自主创新性研发，有助于提升中国制造行业在国际上的竞争力；增材制造技术受到轨道交通行业的重视，并开始应用这种新型技术成形了金属结构件，但该技术的成熟应用仍面临许多问题，需要国内外学者进一步开展深入研究。      

硫酸盐渍土抗剪特性的单因素影响规律研究

硫酸盐渍土抗剪特性的研究对其工程应用有着重要的意义。采用二次回归正交试验设计方法,通过对15组试样进行剪切试验,并对试验结果进行分析,得到了硫酸盐渍土抗剪强度参数c和φ各自随含水率、含盐量和初始干密度三因素变化的计算公式,并在此基础上做了单因素作用的影响规律分析。研究表明:当控制其他2个量处于基准水平时,粘聚力c随含水率的增加先增后减,随初始干密度的增大而增大,随含盐量的增加先增后减,并在含盐量为1.54%时达到最大值;内摩擦角φ随含水率的增加而减小,随初始干密度的增大先增后减,随含盐量的增加先减后增,并在含盐量为1.66%时达到最小值。     

一种闸机行人身高检测的新方法

闸机是城市轨道交通自动售检票（AFC）系统中的关键设备之一,在闸机通行算法中增力口区分行人身高是否超过设定高度的检测功能,已经成为对闸机设备越来越迫切的要求。针对该要求,本文提出了一种使用直反式光电传感器检测行人身高的新方法。     

Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12％Cr Steel During Hot Deformation

Five forging experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters on microstructure evolution during hot deformation for X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel.The experimental results indicated that average grain size became finer with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching.Especially,the size of stretching three times with upsetting twice had the most remarkable effect on refinement,and the size was only 27.36%of the original one.Moreover,the stress model was integrated into the software and finite element models were established.Simulation results demonstrated that the strain at center point of workpiece was far larger than critical strain value in each process,so that dynamic recrystallization(DRX) occurred in each workpiece,which implied DRX could occur for several times with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching,and uniform finer microstructure would be obtained.However,the results also showed that higher temperature was an unfavorable factor for grain refinement,so the times of heating should be limited for workpiece,and as many forging processes as possible should be finished in once heating.     

CGF曲轴镦错成形变形力的理论分析

在运用坐标网格法研究 CGF 曲轴镦错成形金属流动情况的基础上,提出平面变形假设,建立了上限模型,推导出了 CGF 曲轴镦错成形变形力的计算公式,其计算结果与实测值误差小于14%.     

Numerical analysis of unconventional forging process of hollowed shaft from Ti-6Al-4V alloy

This paper presents theoretical analysis of unconventional forging process of hollowed shaft from Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a three-slide forging press. This method in comparison with other metal forming methods allows for obtaining of hollowed products. The designed process is verified theoretically by means of numerical simulations based on finite element method with assumption of 3D state of strain. The following factors are considered in the analysis: material flow kinematics, strain distribution, temperature distribution and force of process. On the basis of results, it is stated that the application of designed technology allows for obtaining of a product of assumed quality. A comparison is made between material consumption in analyzed process and material consumption in typical metal forming methods, also in used at present technology of shaft manufacturing by machining only. It is stated that the application of forging in the three-slide forging press allows for a considerable decrease of manufacturing costs due to material savings and decrease of labor consumption of operations at finishing.     

一种适用于非对称轴类零件生产的精锻工艺

本文分析了非对称轴类零件的热挤镦成形特点,设计了一套适合挤镦成形非对称轴类件的模具装置该装置已用于转向摇臂铀和制动蹄的精锻生产。     

顶锻热变形对高强钢筋闪光焊接头HAZ组织及性能的影响

本文研究了顶锻热变形对高强钢筋闪光焊接头HAz组织及性能的影响。实验发现闪 光焊接头中有一个肉眼可见的过渡区。若HAZ中1250~1100℃区域越宽,顶锻热变 形越充分,过渡区亦越宽。该区晶粒大小极不均匀,脆断亦常在该区发生。      

Forging penetration efficiency of steel H13 stepped shaft radial forging with GFM forging machine

The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM (Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finite element code DEFORM 3D. According to the effective plastic strain, the mean stress and the mean plastic strain distribution of the radial forging, the forging penetration efficiency (FPE) was studied throughout each operation. The results show that the effective plastic strain in the center of the forging is always greater than zero for the desirable larger axial drawing velocity. The mean stress in the center of the workpiece is proposed to describe hydrostatic pressure in this paper. There is compressive strain layer beneath the surface of the workpiece to be found, while there is tensile strain core in the center of the workpiece. These results could be a valuable reference for designing the similar forging operations.     

Two step forging process of spur gear based on rigid parallel motion

To improve the forging process of spur gear,the metal flow rule is investigated in detail,and a hypothesis of radial rigid-parallel-motive (RPM) flow mode is given. Based on the RPM mode a novel specific gear forging technology is put forward by introduced upend forging process and constrained divided-flow technique. Firstly,finite element method is used to simulate the upend forging pre-forming and RPM finish forging,and equivalent stress field and load-stroke curve are investigated. Secondly,a correspondi...     

突缘叉模锻件折叠缺陷分析

通过对缺陷的内部结构进行分析,发现突缘叉锻件法兰底面产生缺陷的主要原因是模锻前制坯工艺不合理,造成模锻时金属回流,产生折叠.提出改进制坯工艺消除锻件的缺陷的方案,经工艺和生产验证,消除了锻件缺陷,提高了锻件质量,取得满意效果,该工艺的成功应用,可为同类型产品的生产提供借鉴.     

Computer Aided Simulation on Precision Cold Forging of Universal Joint Cross

IntroductionThefiwtee1emenmethod(FEM)playsanextrmelyimPortantroleintheanalysesofengineeringproblems.ForalongtimethismethodhasmainlybeenaPPliedinthelinearfieldandshownitsgreatpower.HoweveealOtofnonlinearengineeringPrOblemsWhichcanneitherbesimPlyreducedtolinearonesnorrCPresentedbylinearlyanalogywhichshallchnsethePfacticalconditionsrelativelymuch,havechallengedfiniteelementmethod(FEM).RecentymuchProgresshasbeenmadebothinthemathematicalandmechanicaltheoryandthecomPulertechnologysothatevent…     

5CrNiMo钢锻模液态模锻工艺试验

采用液态模银代替自由锻造生产转向螺母5CrNiMo锻模，给出了其下模结构设计参数，介绍了5CrNiMo合金液态模锻工艺参数取位范围，分析了制件的质量。