高能冲击波致肾损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨高能冲击波致肾脏损伤的作用机制。方法　对 15只家兔进行体外冲击波碎石术 (ESWL) ,观察ESWL前后不同时间血和肾组织匀浆中内皮素 1(ET 1)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和丙二醛 (MDA)变化及肾组织病理学改变。结果　ESWL后血和肾组织匀浆中ET 1、MDA显著性升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,升高持续 1周。而血浆和肾组织匀浆中SOD显著性降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。病理检查出现不同程度肾损伤。结论　高能冲击波致肾脏损伤与自由基形成、内皮素升高引起肾血流下降有关。     

The effect of prostaglandin E1 on recovery of early renal graft functions after transplantation

Objective To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E: (PGE1) on recovery of early renal graft functions after transplantation. Methods One hundred and seven patients after renal transplantation were allocated in the treated group, and treated by conventional treatment with injection of 10 μg prostaglandin E1 additionally twice a day for 14 days. And eighty-eight patients who received conventional treatment alone after renal transplantation at the corresponding period were allocated in the control group. Indexes of the two groups, including incidence of delayed graft function and acute rejection reaction, volume of urine, serum certaintie (SCr), endogenous certainties clearance rate (CCr), the blood flow resistance in graft as well as blood viscosity (BV), and platelet aggregation rate (PAR), were determined. Results The urinary volume and endogenous certainties clearance rate of the treated group were significantly higher, but the level of SCr, incidence of renal function recovery retardation, BV, PAR and blood flow resistance in graft were significantly lower than these of the control group (P<0.05). The difference of incidence of acute rejection reaction between the two groups was insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion Prostaglandin E1 can improve blood microcirculation and decrease the incidence of renal function recovery retardation. These effects are helpful for recovery of renal function after renal transplantation.     

A STUDY ON LIMITATION OF HIGH-ENERGY SHOCK WAVE-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE BY SALVIA MILTIORRHIZAE INJECTION IN RABBIT MODEL

Extracorpealshockwavelithotripsy (ESWL)isanoninvasive ,almostpain freestandardtreatmentmodalityforurolithiasis.However ,ESWLisnotcompletelyfreeofsideeffect.Apartfromlocalhematomasanda potentialriskforhypertensionchanges,alterationsinkidneyfunctionhavebeenreported .SalviaMiltiorrhizaehasthe propertyofpromotingbloodcirculationandresolvingbloodsta sis.Thisstudywasinitiatedtoinvestigatethepo tentialprotectivefunctionofSalviaMiltiorrhizaeeagainsthigh energyshockwaveinducedrenaltoxi city .MATE…     

肾清饮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其可能的机制

目的 探讨肾清饮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及可能的机制.方法 40只链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠随机分成模型组、肾清饮组、贝那普利组和肾清饮联合贝那普利组,连续给药8周后观察血糖、肾功能和24h尿蛋白定量的变化,分别检测肾组织及尿中丙二醛(MDA)含量,肾组织中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性,血清转化生长因子(TGF-β_1)水平的变化,光镜观察肾脏病理形态学的改变.结果 各药物组肾功能明显改善,与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),但对血糖无明显改善作用,24h尿蛋白量较模型组显著下降(P<0.05或 P<0.01),联合组下降最为显著(P<0.01);各药物组肾组织及尿MDA含量、肾组织SOD活性和血清TGF-β_1表达与模型组有显著性差异(P<0.05或 P<0.01),联合组与其他药物组比较差异显著(P<0.05).光镜观察各药物组肾脏病理改变均有不同程度改善,各组间无明显差异.结论 肾清饮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏有保护作用,与贝那普利联用有协同作用.其作用机制可能与抑制氧化应激和增强机体抗氧化能力,降低炎症因子TGF-β_1的表达有关.     

流行性出血热肾功能衰竭临床分型初探

本文分析和总结了我院自1983～1985年100例流行性出血热肾功能衰竭。根据临床表现和一些实验室检查:如血尿素氮、肌酐、血清电解质、尿中纤维蛋白降解产物和溶菌酶,尿红细胞形态观察以及部分肾穿病理资料而将其分成4种临床类型,其中75%为非少尿型,19%为少尿型,3%为慢性肾衰型,3%2次肾衰型。比较各型之间临床表现,肾功能和治疗效果有明显差别。故认为对流行性出血热肾衰临床分型的探讨,对指导防治是有裨益的。     

血液净化对肾综合征出血热炎症介质的清除作用

目的　通过观察连续性肾替代治疗 (CRRT)对肾病综合征出血热 (HFRS)患者肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、白介素 6(IL 6 )及内皮素 1(ET 1)的清除作用 ,探讨炎症介质在HFRS中的作用。方法　将诊断为HFRS的中型及以上类型患者 4 0例随机分为两组 :CVVH组 2 0例行CVVH ,HD组 2 0例行HD。用ELISA法检测TNF α和IL 6浓度 ,放射免疫法测定ET 1浓度。结果　①CVVH组及HD组少尿天数 (3.0± 2 .1,6 .0± 3.4 )、并发症发生率 (2 5 % ,4 0 % )及病死率 (15 % ,2 5 % )差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。②两组治疗前后血肌酐和尿素氮下降有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。③CVVH组治疗后血中TNF α、IL 6和ET 1均较治疗前明显降低 ,差异均有显著性意义 (P均 <0 .0 1) ;HD组治疗前后血中TNF α、IL 6和ET 1无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。④CVVH组滤出液中可持续检测到IL 6及ET 1,未检测到TNF α。透出液中未检测到上述炎症介质。结论　连续性血液净化治疗可清除炎症介质 ,改善HFRS的病理生理过程 ,改善肾功能和预后 ,减少并发症 ,降低病死率 ,是治疗HFRS的最佳方法     

经尿道射频治疗前列腺增生80例报告

经尿道射频治疗前列腺增生80例,总有效率82％。治疗后1月效果趋于稳定,夜尿次数减少,最大尿流率增加,残余尿减少,前列腺体积变化不大。并发症除血尿、膀胱刺激症、尿潴留外,诱发心绞痛2例,局部皮肤灼伤3例,异常悬空感3例。我们体会射频前后服用适量抗菌素和小量激素对预防或减轻治疗后腺体炎症水肿反应有益。合并中叶增生患者,射频后使用作用机理不同的药物效果更理想。近期有尿潴留史或最大尿流率小于5ml/s,排尿时间大于60s患者射频后可保留尿管5～7d。射频适应症广,是全新、无创、良效的非手术疗法。     

Ablation of Barrett''s esophagus using the second-generation argon plasma coagulation

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the second-generation argon plasma coagulation (VIO APC) in ablation of Barrett's esophagus. Methods Eighteen patients with Barrett's esophagus (12 males, median age of 55 years, median length of 2.1 cm,1 low-grade dysplasia, 13 cases of short segment Barrett's esophagus) received VIO APC, which was performed at a power setting of 40W and argon gas flow at 1. 5-2. 0 L/min, "forced" mode, in 1-3 sessions (mean 1.3). All the patients received treatment with high-dose proton pump inhibitors. The main complaints before ablation were upper abdominal pain in 12 patients (66%), sour regurgitation in 14 patients (77%), and dysphagia or odynophagia in 7 patients (38%). Two patients (11%) had esophageal hiatal hernia. Results The percentage of patients in whom ablation was endoscopically achieved proximal to the gastroesophageal junction was 77. 8%(14/18), and histologically achieved in 66. 7% (12/18). Berried glands were observed in 2 patients who had achieved endoscopic ablation, the areas of Barrett's mucosa were reduced by more than 60% in the other 4 patients. After treatment, 4 patients had transient retrosternal pain and 3 patients had mild epigastric discomfort. One patient had small amounts of hemorrhage during the process, and it ceased after norepinephrine and thrombosin were administered through endoscope biopsy channel. No esophageal stricture or other severe adverse events was observed. During 11.8 (4-15) months' follow-up, the patients who had achieved the complete ablation had no evidence of relapse of Barrett's esophagus. Conclusion VIO APC with a relatively low power setting can effectively ablate the Barrett's mucosa with special intestinal metaplasia when standard APC has been done. No severe adverse events were observed. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess cancer prevention and the durability of the neo-squamous epithelium.     

诺和灵强化治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效分析

用诺和灵短期强化治疗糖尿病肾病慢性肾功能不全氮质血症期３５例。并与诺和灵常规治疗组对照。结果表明∶经强化治疗的患者在疗程结束后血糖控制理想，内生肌酐清除率显著上升，提示强化治疗糖尿病肾病可以延缓肾功能不全的恶化过程。     

胆总管结石取石术的Meta分析

目的比较胆总管结石的开腹手术治疗与内镜治疗的临床疗效。方法通过电子检索和手工检索全面收集关于胆总管结石的开腹手术治疗和内镜治疗的随机对照实验,并按Cochrane协作网推荐的方法进行Meta分析。采用固定效应模型,对符合纳入标准的6个实验共407例患者进行Meta分析。结果与ERCP内镜取石组相比较,开腹手术组在一次手术后结石残留率[OR0.39,95%CI(0.25,0.75),P=0.003]、患者再次手术率[OR0.33,95%CI(0.19,0.60),P=0.0002]方面差异均有统计学意义,在围手术期并发症率方面[PetoOR1.10,95%CI(0.69,1.76),P=0.67]无统计学差异。结论目前研究资料显示,开腹手术取石较内镜取石在结石清除效果方面有一定优势,而围手术期并发症率方面无统计学差异。     

肾移植患者应用更昔洛韦后环孢菌素A的药动学及临床生化指标的研究

对１０例肾移植患者应用与未用更昔洛韦后环孢菌素Ａ的药动学参数及临床生化指标进行研究。采用荧光偏振免疫法测定血药浓度，３Ｐ８７程序拟合药动学参数。结果显示：应用更昔洛韦后，环孢菌素Ａ药动学参数Ｋｅ、ｔ１／２（Ｋａ）分别由未用组的（０．１６±０．０４）ｈ－１和（１．３９±０．７６）ｈ降至（０．０９±０．０５）ｈ－１和（０．５０±０．３２）ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｔｍａｘ由（３．６７±０．７７）ｈ减至（２．００±０．７８）ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０１），ｔ１／２（Ｋｅ）由（４．０８±１．８５）ｈ增至（１０．５１±６．４２）ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０５），峰浓度Ｃｍａｘ平均升高２７％。肾移植后应用更昔洛韦组肾功指标下降，肝功指标上升，其中血清肌酐、总胆红质与未用组相比有统计学意义。表明更昔洛韦使肾移植患者环孢菌素Ａ的药动学参数及临床生化指标发生改变，提示临床调整用药方案。     

间接法和捕捉法检测特异性IgM的敏感性与特异性的比较

目的比较捕捉法和间接法检测IgM时的特异性和敏感度差异,并探讨其产生差异的原因。方法分别用间接ELISA法和捕捉ELISA法检测活动性乙型肝炎和肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者标本的IgM水平,并比较两者之间检出率、检测阈值、特异性的差异。结果检测稀释在PBS中的鼠抗IgM特异性抗体,两种方法的特异性和敏感度类似;检测活动性乙型肝炎和HFRS患者标本,间接法检测IgM的敏感度明显低于捕捉法;检测经二巯基乙醇处理后乙肝组和HFRS组标本,两种检测均为阴性,表明两种方法都具有针对IgM抗体的型特异性;交叉实验结果证明两种检测IgM的试剂均具有针对抗原的特异性。结论急性感染疾病的早期诊断、病毒的潜伏期感染和慢性感染的再次激活应使用捕捉法检测IgM,间接法检测IgM用于急性感染性疾病的诊断有待进一步探讨。     

肾细胞癌120例临床分析

本文报告了我院1957～1984年共收治的肾脏恶性肿瘤216例其中肾细胞癌120例(55.6%),占肾脏肿瘤的第一位。有82例通过手术及活组织检查得到病理结果,透明细胞癌76例(占91.5%),颗粒细胞癌2例,未分化癌5例。在患者中31岁以上者占86.7%,而20岁以下者6例,其中年龄最小者为7岁(1例),值得注意。本组中75例做了肾切除术。术后随访,三年存活率为47.1%,五年存活率为32.9%,有23例存活五年以上。其中Ⅰ期17例,Ⅱ期6例。因此在今后应尽早诊断、治疗肾肿瘤,以提高长期存活率。     

原发性小血管炎患者多系统临床表现和肾脏病理分析

目的分析原发性小血管炎患者多系统的临床表现和肾脏病理特点。方法选取我院1996年1月至2007年8月间明确诊断的原发性小血管炎患者共78例,患者均有肾脏损害,并行肾活检,总结分析患者的临床病理资料。结果78例中15例胞浆型抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(cANCA)阳性,均识别蛋白酶3(PR3);62例环核型抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(PANCA)阳性,均识别髓过氧化物酶(MPO)。临床表现呈多器官受累:不规则发热;浮肿、血尿、蛋白尿、肾功能减退;咳嗽、咯血、胸痛、肺部浸润;鼻塞伴有脓性分泌物;关节肿痛等。肾活检可见小血管壁节段性纤维素样坏死,新月体多见。免疫荧光无免疫球蛋白或微量免疫球蛋白及补体C3沉积。治疗采用糖皮质激素联用细胞毒药物或吗替麦考酚酯,部分患者同时给予透析治疗,治疗有效率达85.9%。结论原发性小血管炎并不少见,且以显微镜下型多血管炎居多;患者以中老年为主;ANCA检测有助于早期诊断及复发判断;及时治疗可逆转。     

转铁蛋白在糖尿病肾病和原发性慢性肾小球疾病中的临床意义

目的　探讨转铁蛋白(TRF)在糖尿病肾病(DN)和原发性慢性肾小球疾病(CGD)中的临床意义。方法　采用速率散射比浊法测定了114例2型糖尿病 (T2DM)患者、108例CGD患者和30例正常人24h尿TRF排泄量(UTf),并进行比较分析。结果　 DN早期TRF较白蛋白(ALB)更早出现异常;CGD患者 UTf与尿总蛋白量(UTP)成正相关,且较后者更敏感。结论　 UTf在DN早期明显增加,较白蛋白排泄率(UAER)能更敏感地反映糖尿病早期肾脏损害;UTf与UTP呈正相关。联合检测二者应能更灵敏、更精确地反映肾脏病变。     

甲亢~(131)Ⅰ治疗前后血清TGA、TMA与甲减关系的探讨

本文分析了甲亢~（131）Ⅰ治疗前后血清TGA、TMA测定结果与甲减发生的关系。77例前后对照资料表明:在治疗前抗体阳性组和阴性组中甲减发生率分别为12.5％及14.2％,甲减组与非甲减组抗体阳性率分别为70.0％及73.1％,均无显著性差异;~（131）Ⅰ治疗后抗体阳性组和阴性组中甲减发生率分别为6.7％及17.0％,甲减组与非甲减组抗体阳性率分别为20.0％及41.8％,显然抗体阳性对于甲减的发生无影响;同时发现~（131）Ⅰ治疗后46.4％的患者TGA、TMA转阴,而疗前为阴性者疗后无1例出现阳性。427例疗后患者抗体测定结果也与甲亢疗效无关。据此,我们认为甲亢患者TGA、TMA阳性不能作为禁忌~(131)Ⅰ治疗的指征。     

肾活检在肾脏病诊治中的意义

作者自1981～1994年共行经皮肾活检491例,取材成功487例(99.2％)。其中病理诊断与临床诊断符合率为63.8％;病理诊断纠正临床诊断16.2％;病理结果使诊断明确者20％。病理诊断为正确治疗方案的制订和病情预后判断提供了重要帮助。笔者认为该项检查对肾脏病、尤其是弥漫性肾损害是最有价值的诊断方法之一。     

卡托普利对系膜增殖型肾炎家兔系膜基质的影响

目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利对系膜增殖型肾炎家兔系膜细胞增殖、系膜基质增多的影响及其机制。方法　将雄性日本大耳白兔 2 4只随机分成正常对照组、病理模型对照组和卡托普利治疗组。建立家兔系膜增殖型肾炎模型。双缩脲法测定卡托普利对系膜增殖型肾炎家兔 2 4h尿蛋白排泄量的影响 ;放免法测定血浆中内皮素 (ET 1)及降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的水平 ;自动图像分析仪测定各组肾小球的定量指数、系膜基质指数 ;用免疫组化法观察肾组织增殖性细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达。结果　与病理模型对照组相比 ,卡托普利治疗组家兔 2 4h尿蛋白排泄量明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,系膜面积显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,ET 1降低、CGRP升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,PCNA阳性细胞数减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　卡托普利通过调节内皮素与降钙素基因相关肽病理性改变 ,减少系膜细胞的增殖及系膜基质的增多 ,对系膜增殖型肾炎家兔起到保护作用。     

DETERMINATION OF URINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR, IL-6, IL-8 AND SERUM IL-6 IN PATIENTS WITH HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Objective To explore the roles of cytokines in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS）. Methods Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to determine serum interleukin （IL）-6, urine tumor necrosis factor （TNF）, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in 56 patients with HFRS. Results Serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in HFRS patients were significantly higher than those in control group, respectively （P〈0. 001）. The concentrations increased at fever stage, then continued to increase during hypotension stage and peaked at oliguria stage. The concentrations of serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 increased in accord with the severity of the disease and differed greatly among different types of the disease. Serum IL-6 had remarkable relationships with serum specific antibodies. It was positively related to serum β2 -microglobulin （β2 -MG）, blood ureanitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （Cr）. Significant positive relationships were also found both between urine IL-6 and TNF, and between IL-6 and IL-8 （r=0.5768, P〈0.05; r=0. 3760, P〈0.01）. Conclusion TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 activated during the course of the disease. IL-6 is associated with the immunopathological lesions caused by the hyperfunction of humoral immune response. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF are involved in the renal immune impairment. Determining them might, in certain extent, be used in predicting the prognosis and outcome of patients with HFRS.     

IgM抗体捕获ELISA法对流行性出血热患者尿液中特异性IgM抗体的检测

将IgM抗体捕获ELISA法应用于检测流行性出血热病人尿液中的特异性IgM抗体,总阳性率72.62%,7～9病日可达83.87%;第3病日即可出现阳性;并且具有较高的特异性和敏感性。尿中特异性IgM抗体检出的阳性率与病日(G=7.3858,P>0.05)及尿蛋白含量(G=4.4003,P>0.05)间均无明显关系;特异性IgM抗体的滴度与病日有关(F′=26.5331,P<0.01)与尿蛋白含量无明显关系(F=2.2074,P>0.05);不同病日尿液中特异性IgM抗体检出的阳性率与滴度呈正相关(r=0.9973,P<0.01)。