电动助力转向系统H∞鲁棒控制研究

建立了3自由度EPS系统动力学模型,提出了EPS控制系统结构,基于转矩传感器输出及其它可测信号,设计了转矩估计器来估算驾驶员操纵转矩。仿真结果表明：所设计EPS控制系统有良好助力跟随和鲁棒稳定性能。     

Torque ripple minimization control of permanent magnet synchronous motors for EPS applications

This paper identifies a control method used to reduce torque ripple of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for an electric power steering (EPS) system. NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness) is important for safe and convenient driving. Vibration caused by motor torque is a problem in column type EPS systems. Maintaining a very low torque ripple is one solution that allows for smoother steering. Theoretically, it is possible to design and drive the motor without torque ripple. However, in reality, a PMSM system torque ripple is caused by the motor itself (saturation in the iron core and EMF distortion) and the imperfect driver. This paper analyzes torque ripple of a PMSM system, and an advanced PMSM control method for the column typed EPS system is presented. Results of the analysis indicate that the compensation current is needed in order to minimize torque ripple when a PMSM is driven.     

电动助力转向系统回正控制策略研究

在分析电动助力转向系统回正模型的基础上,提出了电动助力转向回正控制算法。尝试直接采用扭矩信号作为转向盘转角估计的依据,并以此为基础提出不需配置转角传感器的回正控制策略。在matlab中建立了电动助力转向系统的模型,并利用Simulink工具箱对算法进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,所提出的回正控制策略能提高转向盘的回正性能,并为台架试验打下了基础。     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.     

Controller design for soft-disability remedy of the electric power steering system

The electric power steering (EPS) system is designed to reduce the effort exerted by driver on the steering wheel. One of the most common and critical failures of EPS is the soft-disability of the torque sensor or the loss of its signal, which leads to the instant shutdown of the EPS system while turning and causes serious traffic accidents. In this paper, a novel controller based on the self-alignment torque (SAT) estimation was designed to remedy the soft-disability of EPS system. After the SAT estimation method was verified by the empirical Magic Formula (MF) tire model, the remedy control strategy based on the SAT estimation was developed and evaluated by simulations under step and sinusoidal inputs. To further evaluate the performance of the controller on a real vehicle, experiments on a real EPS system were implemented under step and sinusoidal inputs. The results of simulation and experiment using the controller based on estimated SAT showed this controller to be feasible and capable of eliminating the abrupt reaction torque increment caused by shutdown of EPS and of remedying the soft-disability of EPS system under common input signals.     

基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的汽车电动助力转向系统特性仿真

为了研究电动汽车EPS助力特性对汽车操纵稳定性的影响,在对EPS工作原理和助力特性进行分析的基础上,建立了EPS动力学方程,设计了一种能实现理想助力特性的PID控制器。基于MATLAB/SIMULINK对其进行了仿真分析,结果表明,系统加入PID控制后齿条位移、方向盘转角及检测转矩相比无控制时运行更平稳,调节时间分别缩短0.2,0.4,0.4 s;前助力转矩阶跃响应呈高频波动,电机内部的波动现象明显改善,PID控制器对于EPS的助力特性具有更好的控制效果和稳定性。     

一种新型PWM控制模式及其在EPS系统中的应用

针对直流电机脉宽调制控制系统的工作原理,分析了受限单极和双极脉宽调制控制模式应用于电动助力转向系统电机驱动时的优缺点,提出了一种"半双极"控制模式及该模式下占空比的修正方法。分析表明,该模式更适合于电动助力转向系统的电机驱动,试验验证了理论分析的正确性和半双极模式在电动助力转向系统中的实用性。     

Application of rack type motor driven power steering control system for heavy vehicles

The Electric Power Steering (EPS) or Motor Driven Power Steering (MDPS) mechanism proves to be a bright prospect among passenger vehicles ensuring better vehicle safety and fuel economy. The car manufacturers are focusing on the production of Rack type EPS system (REPS). This paper describes the development of concurrent simulation technique using TruckSim and control strategy for analysing RMDPS control system with a dynamic vehicle system. A full Truck vehicle model interacting with RMDPS control algorithm was concurrently simulated on a sinusoidal steering input. The dynamic responses of vehicle chassis and steering system resulting were evaluated and compared with proving ground experimental data. The comparisons show reasonable agreement on steering wheel torque, lateral acceleration and yaw rate. This concurrent simulation research leads the possibility of RMDPS performance evaluation of Truck and Semi-bonnet cars.     

电动转向器中助力控制器的研究

从研究探讨助力特性曲线出发,确定了电动转向器(Electronic Power Steering,简称EPS)的助力特性曲线,设计了助力控制器以达到电动助力转向的控制目标,通过仿真和分析的结果表明,加入助力控制器的电动转向器系统提高了转向的轻便性和平稳性。     

电动助力转向系统转矩传感器故障自诊断的研究

根据转矩传感器故障自诊断原理，利用信号比较设定法，设计了一套基于转向柱式电动助力转向系统（EPS）的转矩传感器的故障自诊断系统，包括转矩传感器故障自诊断思路分析、信号采集、故障辨识、故障代码的显示控制、故障自诊断程序的设计以及系统发生故障时采取的安全防范措施。特别是针对偶尔的噪声和振动可能影响信号的采集和辨识方面，提出了独特处理方法，减少了系统对故障的误判。     

Steering torque control using variable impedance models for a steer-by-wire system

This paper presents a novel sensor-less steering torque control method for applications to the steer-by-wire system. A steer-by-wire system has not any mechanical link to connect a steering wheel and a rack and pinion gear module. Instead of mechanical devices, two electric motors are used on each side. A one motor is attached to the steering wheel and the other is set on rack and pinion. The motor on the steering wheel works as a deliverer between a steering torque and load torque from the road. In this paper, we focus on motion control related to the steering feel based on impedance control. Therefore, the model of rack and pinion is not considered in this work. In most power steering systems, a torque sensor is used to set impedance effect on driver’s steering feel. In this paper, we proposed a novel steering control method without using any torque sensors. The effectiveness of a proposed method is confirmed from experimental results.     

汽车电动助力转向盘力特性的初步研究

从转向轴助力式电动转向系动力学模型出发,推导出转向盘力的仿真计算公式,并简要分析了比例控制式EPS系统的控制系数对其转向盘力特性的影响。得出通过采用可变比例控制的方式可以改善汽车的转向盘力特性的结论。     

基于BP神经网络的电动助力转向器在线故障诊断研究

应用人工神经网络和推理法则,提出了一套针对电动助力转向器(EPS)、转矩转角传感器(TPS)和电子控制单元(ECU)的在线故障诊断策略。以传感器采样值作为神经网络的输入,TPS及ECU故障代码作为输出,对EPS关键部件进行在线故障诊断。通过EPS试验台,获取相应的数据样本,利用Matlab神经网络工具箱,对该策略进行了仿真分析,结果验证了故障诊断策略的有效性。     

汽车电动助力转向控制系统的初步研究

自行设计的电动助力转向系统(EPS)由控制器、转向盘转矩传感器、车速传感器、电流传感器(在控制器内)、助力电机及减速机构、机械式转向器、蓄电池等组成。EPS的控制系统主要由控制器、传感器及信号处理电路、助力电机及驱动电路等组成。控制算法由电机助力控制算法和电机转矩控制算法两部分构成。该方案易于实现，同时又能保证转向控制系统较高的控制精度。     

EPS电动机模型的建立及实现

EPS（电动助力转向系统）应用于众多车型，代表未来动力转向的发展方向。文章通过对EPS的分析，初步设定了用于该EPS的激他式直流电动机方案。通过建立电动机的数学模型，在MATLAB中实现了该模型，并通过仿真分析，进一步验证了该选择方案的正确性。指出所选择建立的电动机模型，对电动助力转向系统仿真分析中电动机模型的建立选择具有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于全桥半桥切换的EPS系统滑模控制的分析与设计

基于建立的电动助力转向系统(EPS)动态模型,以电动助力转向系统为研究对象,首先分析EPS系统的功率驱动电路的两种驱动方式,分析了全桥、半桥功率驱动原理,推导出平均电流表达式,并依此设计了全桥、半桥切换器。根据滑模控制的基本原理,利用EPS系统中助力电机的模型,设计出一种简单实用的滑模控制器。仿真和试验结果表明,该控制器有很好的控制效果,克服了传统控制器不能很好解决系统中的非线性的问题,使得EPS系统具有很好的动态性能。     

Lateral stability control of dynamic steering for dual motor drive high speed tracked vehicle

In this paper, the torque and power required by dual motors for electric tracked vehicle during dynamic steering maneuvers with different steering radiuses are analyzed. A steering coupling drive system composed of a new type of center steering motor, two Electromagnetic (EM) clutches, two planetary gear couplers, and two propulsion motors is proposed for the dual motors drive high speed electric tracked vehicle (2MHETV), which aims to improve its lateral stability. An average torque direct distribution control strategy based on steering coupling and an optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy are designed separately to control the driving torque or regenerative braking torque of two propulsion motors for vehicle stability enhancement. Then models of the 2MHETV and the proposed control strategy are established in Recudyn and Matlab/Simulink respectively to evaluate the lateral stability of dynamic steering for the 2MHETV with different steering radiuses on hard pavement.The simulation results show that the lateral stability of the 2MHETV can be significantly improved by the proposed optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy based on steering coupling system.     

基于功能安全的分布式驱动电动汽车前轮失效补偿控制

分布式驱动电动汽车可以实现四轮转矩分配和差动转向,提升整车的动力学控制性能和经济性,但是四轮转矩独立可控的特点也对功能安全提出挑战。当前轮单侧电机出现执行器故障失效情况时,不仅会产生附加横摆力矩降低车辆安全性,差动转向功能的存在还会使车辆严重偏航。基于此,在设计分布式驱动-线控转向一体化底盘的基础上,基于功能安全提出一种分布式驱动电动汽车前轮失效补偿控制策略。首先建立分布式驱动失效动力学模型,分析前轮失效对车辆状态的影响机理,发现单一的驱动转矩截断控制无法满足车辆状态修正需求;其次设计一套备用的线控转向结构,通过变截距滑模控制算法提高切换状态下线控转向系统的转角跟踪性能,并用台架试验验证跟踪的准确性;然后设计自适应失效诊断观测器实时诊断驱动系统的电机故障,在将对应轮进行驱动转矩截断后,通过模型预测控制算法对车轮转矩重新分配实现纵向和侧向的状态跟踪;最后通过仿真和实车试验验证所提失效补偿控制策略的有效性和可用性。研究结果表明：分布式驱动电动汽车前轮单侧电机失效后,备用的线控转向系统能及时矫正前轮转角,所提出的失效补偿控制策略能够快速恢复车辆的稳定性和路径跟踪能力。     

An investigation on motor-driven power steering-based crosswind disturbance compensation for the reduction of driver steering effort

This paper describes a lateral disturbance compensation algorithm for an application to a motor-driven power steering (MDPS)-based driver assistant system. The lateral disturbance including wind force and lateral load transfer by bank angle reduces the driver's steering refinement and at the same time increases the possibility of an accident. A lateral disturbance compensation algorithm is designed to determine the motor overlay torque of an MDPS system for reducing the manoeuvreing effort of a human driver under lateral disturbance. Motor overlay torque for the compensation of driver's steering torque induced by the lateral disturbance consists of human torque feedback and feedforward torque. Vehicle–driver system dynamics have been investigated using a combined dynamic model which consists of a vehicle dynamic model, driver steering dynamic model and lateral disturbance model. The human torque feedback input has been designed via the investigation of the vehicle–driver system dynamics. Feedforward input torque is calculated to compensate additional tyre self-aligning torque from an estimated lateral disturbance. The proposed compensation algorithm has been implemented on a developed driver model which represents the driver's manoeuvreing characteristics under the lateral disturbance. The developed driver model has been validated with test data via a driving simulator in a crosswind condition. Human-in-the-loop simulations with a full-scale driving simulator on a virtual test track have been conducted to investigate the real-time performance of the proposed lateral disturbance compensation algorithm. It has been shown from simulation studies and human-in-the-loop simulation results that the driver's manoeuvreing effort and a lateral deviation of the vehicle under the lateral disturbance can be significantly reduced via the lateral disturbance compensation algorithm.     

基于LabVIEW的EPS转向轻便性测试软件开发

分析了转向轻便性试验条件,应用LabVIEW图形化编程语言,构建试验台数据采集系统;实时采集转向盘转角和转矩信号,并对执行元件进行控制,按照试验条件自动进行操作。在自主开发的测试系统上进行某型号电动助力转向系统(EPS)的转向轻便性试验,证明了该测试系统的有效性。