新型电动静液作动器主动悬架模糊PID控制

为采用新型电动静液作动器的主动悬架设计了一种模糊PID控制器,把悬挂质量相对于静平衡位置的位移(即动挠度)及其变化率作为模糊控制器的输入,PID控制器的3个参数作为模糊控制器的输出.不同频率激励路面的试验数据表明,采用模糊PID控制的主动悬架能适应不同频率路面状况,有效降低车体垂向加速度和悬架动挠度,从而提高了汽车的乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性.     

半主动悬架模糊PID混合控制及时滞分析

半主动悬架较被动悬架，在乘坐舒适性、操纵稳定性方面均有较大提高，同时与主动悬架相比具有性价比高、耗能小等优点，所以半主动悬架成为近年来汽车底盘研究的热点。本文基于车辆4自由度1／2半主动悬架模型，提出了模糊PID混合控制算法，并基于该算法对半主动悬架进行控制，且对半主动悬架系统的时滞问题做了定量分析。仿真结果表明，模糊PID混合控制的半主动悬架在车身加速度、车身俯仰角加速度、前后悬架动挠度、前后轮胎动载荷、前后簧载质量加速度等在时域和频域中均有所改善，且一定量的时滞对该算法亦影响较小。这对半主动悬架控制算法的研究和半主动悬架的开发具有较大参考价值。     

Design of LQG Controller for Semi-active Suspension Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process

建立了包含半主动悬架的4自由度车辆动力学模型,应用最优控制理论设计了车辆半主动悬架LQG控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下对系统模型进行仿真.以车身垂向加速度、俯仰角加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动位移和悬架控制力作为车辆LQG控制的性能评价指标,采用层次分析法和改进层次分析法确定各指标的加权系数.仿真结果表明,与被动悬架相比,采用半主动悬架能有效地提高车辆的乘坐舒适性;而与层次分析法相比,使用改进的层次分析法更易于确定加权系数,更便于设计LQG控制器.     

基于轴距预瞄的半主动悬架模糊神经网络控制

应用模糊控制和神经网络控制理论,构建了1/2车辆的半主动悬架模型,设计了基于轴距预瞄的半主动悬架模糊神经网络控制系统.对前轮半主动悬架采用以对应处车身垂向加速度为目标的模糊控制,对后轮半主动悬架采用轴距预瞄模糊控制,并利用神经网络来调整模糊控制器的控制规则和隶属度函数.在不同车速下对所建的控制系统分别进行了白噪声和路面脉冲输入的仿真.结果表明,与传统的被动系统相比,轴距预瞄模糊神经网络控制的半主动悬架系统能有效降低车辆振动;与模糊控制的半主动悬架系统相比,质心垂向加速度和后轮对应处车身加速度均有显著减小,较好地改善了车辆的行驶平顺性.     

车辆半主动悬架神经网络自适应控制的研究

针对变刚度半主动悬架这种时变的、非线性复杂系统,提出将神经网络自适应控制策略用于该悬架的控制,研究中主要用车身垂直加速度作为主要控制目标,以提高车辆行驶的平顺性,同时在仿真控制研究中兼顾悬架动挠度和车轮动载荷的变化,以提高车辆行驶安全性和操纵稳定性,通过仿真计算和结果分析验证了其可行性和有效性。     

电磁阀式半主动悬架LQG-Smith时滞补偿控制研究

为了解决电磁阀式半主动悬架控制过程中的时滞问题,提出了一种LQG-Smith时滞补偿控制方法。建立了2自由度半主动悬架动力学模型,开展了电磁阀减振器的阻尼特性试验和动态响应试验,得到了半主动悬架控制系统的响应时滞;设计了电磁阀式半主动悬架的LQG-Smith预估补偿控制器,仿真分析了时滞补偿控制下半主动悬架的动态性能。结果表明:与无时滞补偿控制相比,时滞补偿控制下半主动悬架的簧载质量加速度均方根值降低了17.57%,轮胎动载荷均方根值降低了12.23%,车辆的行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性得到了改善。     

车辆悬架联合反馈半主动控制算法

为提高车辆乘坐舒适性,基于采用典型算法的车身加速度幅频特性分析,提出了基于车身速度和加速度信号联合反馈控制的半主动控制算法。以天棚半主动控制作为参照,对该算法的性能进行了分析和评价。结果表明,该算法能够实现对车身加速度、悬架挠度和车轮动载荷等悬架性能指标的有效控制,在大幅提高车辆乘坐舒适性的同时改善了操纵稳定性。算法简单实用、计算量小,适用于车辆悬架系统的振动控制。     

基于ADAMS和MATLAB的空气悬架系统仿真与试验研究

利用空气弹簧特性试验得到的特性曲线,在ADAMS中建立2自由度1/4车辆空气悬架模型,在MATLAB中建立随机路面模型和3种半主动控制器模型。ADAMS与MATLAB接口联合仿真结果表明,半主动PID控制策略能够有效减小车身垂直加速度的均方根值;半主动位置全状态反馈控制策略能够有效减小悬架动行程的均方根值;而综合控制策略兼具上述二者优势,能够有效改善悬架性能,提高汽车行驶平顺性。     

基于道路友好性的重载汽车悬架半主动控制研究

车辆的平顺性和道路友好性是反应车辆悬架性能的2个重要指标。为改善重载汽车在道路行驶中的友好性,基于7自由度重载汽车动力学模型,建立了半主动悬架系统的运动方程,设计了半主动悬架最优控制器,考虑路面不平度的随机激励,以车辆平顺性和道路友好性为控制目标,提出了车辆悬架的最优半主动控制策略,并且给出了详尽的推导过程。仿真分析结果表明:当汽车以20m/s的速度行驶在C级路面时,车身和驾驶室垂向加速度有效均方根值分别减少了3.42%和46.4%,轮胎对路面的破坏减少了2.10%;半主动控制悬架有效地保证了车辆行驶的平顺性,同时可减小车辆对路面的冲击作用,改善了车辆的悬架性能。     

基于T-S模糊方法的车辆主动悬架多目标控制研究

为了研究因曲线运动引起的车辆侧翻及防测翻控制方法,提升车辆在不平整道路上的平顺性及紧急避障转向操纵下侧倾稳定性,采用Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊建模方法,设计了主动悬架自适应多目标鲁棒控制策略。分析了基于车辆运动状态的模糊隶属度函数选择方法,当车辆直线行驶或动挠度较小时,保证车辆的行驶平顺性,当车辆发生极限转向或动挠度较大时,限制悬架相对运动量,增强对车身的垂向支撑。以优化加速度H_∞性能及悬架动挠度为控制目标,通过使用并行分布补偿方法将结果优化问题转换为线性矩阵不等式求解问题,确定反馈控制增益。采用自适应鲁棒控制(Aaptive Robust Control-ARC)保证系统在非线性、不确定性下,控制力跟踪的鲁棒性。通过SIMULINK~?及CARSIM~?联合仿真对主动悬架平顺性及侧倾稳定性控制效果进行验证,结果表明:该控制方法可以有效提升在良好路面正常行驶工况下车辆的平顺性,和被动悬架相比,小激励工况下,其加速度峰值降低了70%以上,在大激励下动挠度峰值相比被动悬架降低了15%以上。在随机路面输入下,车辆质心加速度均方根值相较被动悬架降低了4%以上,后轴悬架动挠度峰值降低近20%。当车辆发生侧翻危险工况时,基于T-S Fuzzy的主动悬架可以有效地增加车辆悬架支持力,减小车辆侧倾角,避免车辆发生侧翻。     

基于ILMI算法的车辆半主动悬架静态输出反馈控制

针对采用磁流变阻尼器的1/4汽车半主动悬架模型进行振动控制分析。利用迭代线性矩阵不等式(ILMI)算法在输出反馈控制中的求解优势,提出基于ILMI算法的半主动悬架静态输出反馈控制方法。仿真结果表明,结合合适的控制算法,采用磁流变阻尼器的半主动悬架系统有效地改善了汽车驾驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。     

电动赛车半主动悬架系统仿真及实现

应用汽车动力学理论,以1/4汽车悬架模型为研究对象,用调节减振器的阻尼系数法,建立了二自由度电动赛车的半主动悬架最优控制模型,利用编制的路面谱作为激励输入进行了仿真,并与被动悬架性能进行了对比。结果表明,半主动悬架在车身垂直振动加速度、悬架动行程、轮胎形变量的改善度分别为31.3%、21.4%、12.6%,使车身的振动被控制在某个范围之内,大大提高电动赛车在行驶过程中的平顺性。     

Generalized magnetorheological (MR) damper model and its application in semi-active control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, analytical characterization of the magneto-rheological (MR) damper is done using a new modified algebraic model. Algebraic model is also more preferable because of its low computational expenses compared to differential Bouc-Wen’s model which is highly computationally demanding. This model along with the obtained model parameters is used as a semi-active suspension device in a quarter car model and the stationary response of the vehicle traversing on a rough road is obtained. The control part consists of two nested controllers. One of them is the system controller which generates the desired damping force and the other is the damper controller which adjusts the voltage level to MR damper so as to track the desired damping force. For the system controller a model reference skyhook Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is used and for the damper controller a continuous state algorithm is built to determine the input voltage so as to gain the desired damping force. The analytical model is subsequently used in the quarter car vehicle model and the vehicular responses are studied. A simulation study is performed to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the semi-active control approach. Results show that the semi-active controller can achieve compatible performance as that of active suspension controller except for a little deterioration.     

基于模糊自适应PID的客车电控空气悬架车高调节控制策略研究

电控空气悬架能够根据客车行驶工况进行车身高度自适应调节,从而能够显著提升客车行驶稳定性以及燃油经济性,车高调节控制设计具有重要意义。文章利用模糊PID控制算法对车身高度调节进行控制策略设计,有效缓解了客车电控空气悬架车高调节过程中存在的空气弹簧的“过充”“过放”及“振荡”等问题,分析客车电控空气悬架车高调节具体过程,建立包括车身、储气罐、电磁阀以及空气弹簧等在内的车高调节系统数学模型,最后完成了客车电控空气悬架车高调节模糊自适应PID控制策略设计及性能仿真验证。研究结果表明,所运用的模糊自适应PID控制策略能够完成客车电控空气悬架车身高度的准确调节。     

汽车半主动悬架的模型参考自适应控制

在1／4车辆动力学模型的基础上，基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论，以天棚阻尼半主动悬架为参考模型，设计了半主动悬架模型参考自适应控制器。自适应控制器包括可调前置控制器和状态反馈控制器两个部分。推导了自适应控制律与相应的约束条件。仿真结果表明：该控制器对于模型参数的不确定性具有良好的鲁棒特性。自适应控制器不仅明显降低了车身加速度，提高了平顺性，同时也使汽车的行驶安全性获得了改善，悬架动变形稍有增大。     

Suboptimal Control Design of Active and Passive Suspensions Based on a Full Car Model

An optimal control design method is introduced and then applied to the optimum design of active and passive suspension systems. A basic three-dimensional 7-DOF car riding model subjected to four correlated random road inputs is considered. The design method is basically developed to allow arbitrary choice of sensors for various car state variables to be used for feedback control of each suspension unit. Previous studies show that full-state control laws and even some limited-state control laws often include feedback gains which are almost zero. Some other gains, although not zero, don't play an important role in improving the system performance measures. With the method proposed in this work, every suspension unit can have its own feedback measurements and the criterion function can be related to all state and control variables. Thus a large number of active and semi-active suspension systems with full- or limited-state control laws based on different measurement combination can be suggested, studied, and compared with each other. Instead of comparing these optimized active and semi-active suspension systems with a basic, passive suspension, the passive system itself is optimized with the same criterion. Simulations in the time domain and frequency analyses are performed, and comparisons are made among the systems in terms of r.m.s. car response measures and ISO riding comfort criterion.     

无级变速汽车自动驾驶系统模糊控制策略

为研究无级变速汽车自动驾驶系统的模糊控制策略，建立了简化的基于底盘测功机的无级变速汽车和自动驾驶系统模型。考虑到传动系统的高阶时变非线性特性、输入和输出之间的耦合效应以及汽车运行工况和复杂的外界环境因互的影响，提出了把参数自调整的模糊ＰＩ控制算法用于油门控制系统，混合型模糊ＰＩＤ控制算法用于发动机转速控制系统。仿真结构表明，文中给出的自动驾驶系统的模糊控制策略是可行和有效的，具有实用价值。     

Semi-active H∞ control of high-speed railway vehicle suspension with magnetorheological dampers

In this paper, semi-active H∞ control with magnetorheological (MR) dampers for railway vehicle suspension systems to improve the lateral ride quality is investigated. The proposed semi-active controller is composed of a H∞ controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse MR damper model as the damper controller. First, a 17-degree-of-freedom model for a full-scale railway vehicle is developed and the random track irregularities are modelled. Then a modified Bouc–Wen model is built to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper and an inverse MR damper model is built with the ANFIS technique. Furthermore, a H∞ controller composed of a yaw motion controller and a rolling pendulum motion (lateral motion+roll motion) controller is established. By integrating the H∞ controller with the ANFIS inverse model, a semi-active H∞ controller for the railway vehicle is finally proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed semi-active suspension system possesses better attenuation ability for the vibrations of the car body than the passive suspension system.     

Comparison between different sets of suspension parameters and introduction of new modified skyhook control strategy incorporating varying road condition

This study examines the uncertainties in modelling a quarter car suspension system caused by the effect of different sets of suspension parameters of a corresponding mathematical model. To overcome this problem, 11 sets of identified parameters of a suspension system have been compared, taken from the most recent published work. From this investigation, a set of parameters were chosen which showed a better performance than others in respect of peak amplitude and settling time. These chosen parameters were then used to investigate the performance of a new modified continuous skyhook control strategy with adaptive gain that dictates the vehicle's semi-active suspension system. The proposed system first captures the road profile input over a certain period. Then it calculates the best possible value of the skyhook gain (SG) for the subsequent process. Meanwhile the system is controlled according to the new modified skyhook control law using an initial or previous value of the SG. In this study, the proposed suspension system is compared with passive and other recently reported skyhook controlled semi-active suspension systems. Its performances have been evaluated in terms of ride comfort and road handling performance. The model has been validated in accordance with the international standards of admissible acceleration levels ISO2631 and human vibration perception.     

汽车半主动悬架性能的联合仿真分析

为分析半主动悬架对汽车性能的影响,文章对半主动悬架的性能进行了仿真分析。首先在ADAMS／View开发环境中建立1/4汽车悬架模型;然后基于MATLAB／Simulink设置模糊控制规则,对半主动悬架进行模糊控制,并模拟出随机路面输入信号;最后利用ADAMS／Control模块将ADAMS和MATLAB／Simulink悬架模型联合起来进行仿真,与被动悬架进行了对比分析．可以看出,模糊控制下的半主动悬架舒适性更高,行驶安全性和操纵稳定性更好。联合仿真结果表明,半主动悬架的舒适性和平顺性均优于被动悬架。