推轮转柱舵试验研究

本文介绍了一艘装有转柱舵推轮的单船系泊舵效试验及船队回转试验。试验结果表明,与采用普通舵相比,转柱舵的侧向力增加一倍,船队回转直径减小三分之一。     

小比尺船模操纵性试验研究

本文从船舶操纵性的两个指数——应舵性指数T以及回转性指数K论述了船模-实船间操纵性能的相互关系。首先,文章分析了模型操纵试验中存在尺度效应的原因,并从2000马力顶推船队试验资料的分析得到了操纵性尺度效应变化的规律——模船愈小尺度效应愈明显,尤其在应舵性方面,认为必须在船舶操纵性研究以及航道水工模型通航条件研究中注意这种趋势。随之,文章提出了利用减小推轮边舵面积的修正方法,用此法从小尺度模型的试验结果来估计实船的操纵性指数。可供有关部门处理类似问题时参考。最后,文章亦探讨了船舶操纵运动一阶方程的精度以及介绍了不同尺度模型上Z形试验的方法。     

改型推轮提高船队经济性

对多瑙河改型推轮提高顶推船队的经济性作了阐述。改型推轮尺度小、主机功率小、船艉后安装可回转的螺旋桨，消除了原有推轮的螺旋桨负荷较高，全部轴隧和螺旋桨前后多个主舵和倒车舵等不利影响，从而提高推轮的推进效率。     

船舶操纵回转特性的多目标优化设计应用

定常回转直径作为衡量船舶操纵性的一个指标受到人们的普遍重视。为提高船舶的回转性能,基于船舶四自由度的操纵性方程,分析船舶回转直径和回转横倾,讨论影响回转性能的舵型因素,并将其作为优化设计变量,利用Isight优化设计平台,采用遗传算法进行舵型参数的优化设计。通过选取某高速船作为优化对象,利用该方法进行舵型优化后,回转直径及回转横倾都减小。表明借助Isight的优化功能可以实现船舶操纵性能的优化。     

吊舱推进与传统推进船舶操纵性能对比分析

吊舱推进器因具有提高船舶推进效率及操纵灵活等特点而越来越受到人们的重视。为深入研究吊舱推进船舶的操纵性能,文章对某深水铺管起重船进行了吊舱推进操纵和舵操纵两种方式下的操纵性模型对比试验,试验结果表明,吊舱推进操纵船舶的回转运动性能及应舵性能要大大优于舵操纵船舶,而纠向和保持航向能力两者相当;同时,文中对吊舱推进船舶的操纵性能进行了分析,可为实船操作提供一定的参考。     

转舵速度对船舶操纵性影响研究

采用MMG分离式水动力模型作为船舶操纵运动数学模型，编写MATLAB程序进行操纵性仿真预报，结合一艘双桨双舵船舶在设计航速下的定常回转运动进行了数值模拟，分析了船在不同转舵速度的回转运动轨迹和相应参数，进而得出转舵速度对船舶操纵性的影响规律。     

舵速对电动船Williamson回转性能的仿真分析

针对电动船操纵运动控制问题,研究舵速对电动船Williamson回转性能的影响.通过建立非线性四自由度模型和分析影响电动船回转性能主要参数,建立仿真模型,研究舵速对Williamson回转运动的影响.仿真结果表明:电动船在进行Williamson回转运动时,随着舵速越快,电动船回转性能越好,纵距和横距越小,回转所需的时间越小.仿真结果对电动船操纵性预报和总体性能设计可提供一定理论依据.     

长江中下游推船船队操纵性指数研究

本文在数据库的基础上简要论述了长江顶推船队的操纵性表征指数、测试方法及数值范围，给出了在初步设计阶段能用以预估船队操纵性的统计回归公式。     

最小推进功率要求对舵面积预估的影响

针对由于能效设计指数规则要求背景下最小推进功率导则的实施对舵面积预估产生影响的问题,分析中小型液货船新船开发设计阶段预估舵面积必须考虑的因素,提出采用公式推导舵面积预选取值,并经过液货船实例试验验证,可以同时满足相关规则以及操纵性的要求,中小型液货开发中基于最小保持航向速度估算舵面积是合理而且可行的。     

水面船舶操纵性敏感性分析

以两种水面船舶为研究对象,采用三自由度的常系数船舶操纵运动方程为数学模型,通过计算机仿真来考察水动力系数、舵的整流系数以及螺旋桨伴流系数对船舶操纵性的影响。结果用敏感性指数表示,仿真Z形操舵试验和船舶回转试验进行敏感性分析。分析表明,在船舶回转试验中,对船舶操纵性的回转性能影响较大的是线性水动力系数及舵整流系数;在Z形操舵试验中,线性水动力系数、舵整流系数、螺旋桨伴流系数、非线性水动力系数Nr′|r|以及附加质量(附加惯性矩)my、JZZ对超越角影响较大,其它系数依船型不同对超越角影响不同。从数据对比上看,这两种船的系数对超越角的影响普遍大于对回转直径的影响。不同船型的系数对超越角的影响相差很大。     

双桨客货轮自航船模操纵性试验研究

本文通过一组典型双桨船型,即常规船型、双尾鳍型及双尾型船的自航船模操纵性试验,探索了双桨船的操纵特点,分析研究了螺旋桨旋向及船型对操纵性的影响规律。研究表明:内旋桨使回转性及错车性能略有下降,但错车仍有正常转向,车舵并用能得到理想的效果。内旋使倒航性能大为改善,使倒航可操。单机倒航时出现有规律的反常转向,可利用作为倒航的操纵手段。双尾鳍船的回转性能优于另两种船型,倒航性能及车舵并用的转首性能亦优于常规型船,是具有良好操纵性的一种船型。双尾鳍船型配以内旋桨方案有广阔的应用前景。     

基于体积力法的半悬挂舵和全悬挂舵回转性对比

针对半悬挂舵和全悬挂舵回转性能差异问题,建立用于模拟螺旋桨推力的体积力模型,评估两种不同形式舵的回转性。对标模KCS船型回转运动进行计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）模拟,船后螺旋桨作用使用体积力模型替代。开展半悬挂舵回转性CFD模拟,并与试验结果对比验证。设计全悬挂舵并模拟其回转性,与半悬挂舵回转性进行比较。结果显示,半悬挂舵除战术直径与试验结果相差9.48%外,其他回转特性参数与试验结果相差均在3%以内,说明基于体积力法模拟回转性具有较高的可信度。全悬挂舵的回转特性参数均优于半悬挂舵,说明全悬挂舵的回转性能更佳。     

Study on the maneuverability of a large vessel installed with a mariner type Super VecTwin rudder

The suitability of the Mariner type Super VecTwin rudder (hereinafter, the MSV rudder) for a large vessel is assessed in this article. Several experiments in a maneuvering pond were carried out and their results analyzed and summarized. Free-running tests such as turning, zigzag, and stopping tests were carried out with a 4-m free-running model of a very large crude carrier (VLCC) ship with the MSV rudder and the Mariner rudder. The results were compared to validate the maneuverability of a VLCC-sized a ship installed with the MSV rudder. A mathematical model of an MSV rudder is proposed for maneuvering simulation of a large vessel. To develop a maneuvering simulation for the model ship that was used in the free-running tests, hydrodynamic coefficients were estimated based on Kijima's regression formula. The coefficients of interaction between the hull and rudder (t_R, a_H, x_H) were obtained from a self-propulsion test in a towing tank. The complicated flow around the rudders is simplified to model the flow speed around the rudders. This simplified flow speed is utilized to compare the time histories of the free-running tests with the simulations. The mathematical model of the MSV rudder was further improved using the results of this comparison.     

舵减摇仿真研究

本文通过建立船舶操纵运动和周期性摇荡运动的耦合数学模型，进行了舵减摇仿真研究。计算表明，只要适当选择舵角控制函数中的反馈系数，可以在合理的转舵速率和允许的航向变化幅度下取得满意的减摇效果。     

基于减摇鳍辅助回转的船舶操纵性能研究

基于MMG分离式建模思想，考虑作用在船体、螺旋桨、舵、鳍的水动力作用，建立双桨双舵船舶四自由度非线性数学运动模型，对某船模在静水中的回转性能进行仿真分析，将单独舵控制的仿真结果与船模试验结果进行了验证和分析，并对比了单独舵控制和舵、鳍联合控制下的回转性能，结果表明鳍参与控制回转时能明显缓解回转过程中的横倾。     

船舶最小回转半径

本文确定了动稳定船舶的最小定常回转半径,进而就可把最优化方法应用于船舶操纵性设计中去。 基于线性化操纵运动方程,在优化过程中,把船体诸形状参数和舵面积作为设计变量,把回转性指数的倒数作为目标函数,把动稳定准则c′作为优化的约束条件。 根据计算结果,本文清晰地阐明了船体某些形状参数及舵面积的变化对最小回转半径的影响。     

高速排水艇回转性能估算

建立并求解高速排水艇稳定回转的运动方程。对运动方程中裸船体和附体的水动力导数、舵作用力和力矩、多个螺旋桨对回转的影响等进行估算。并以120t级渔政船为例，进行稳定回转直径和横倾角的计算，并与实船的试航结果进行比较。     

Broaching prediction of a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders

The new intact stability criteria which are under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are required to cover a broaching phenomenon, well known as a great threat to high-speed vessels which can lead to capsizing. Some reports exist which demonstrate that their numerical models can predict a highly nonlinear phenomenon of broaching. However, additional validation studies are needed for unconventional vessels, in addition to conventional ones, to develop direct stability assessment methods for the new intact stability criteria. In this research, we selected as the subject ship a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders, a design expected to be one of a new generation of high-speed monohull ships. Firstly, a series of captive model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, the manoeuvring forces, the wave-exciting forces, the heel-induced hydrodynamic forces, and the roll restoring variation for the unconventional tumblehome vessel. Secondly, the existing mathematical model which had been developed for broaching prediction of conventional vessels with a single propeller and a single rudder was extended to unconventional vessels with twin propellers and twin rudders. Finally, comparisons between numerical simulations and the existing free running model experiments were conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that fair quantitative prediction of broaching is realised when the rudder force variation, the roll restoring variation and the heel-induced hydrodynamic force for large heel angles are taken into account.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

船舶在风浪中航行时保向问题的探讨

本文在建立船舶在风浪中的低频操纵运动方程式的基础上，探讨了船舶在风浪中的舵力保向问题。从工程实用的角度，提出了一个船舶在风浪中航行时保向舵角的近似计算公式。以“育英轮”为例，进行了计算。从保向的角度，提出了船舶在大风浪中航行时，提高抗风浪能力方法和安全航行的措施，并可望对实际工作有一点指导意义。