Evaluating air emission inventories and indicators from cruise vessels at ports

This paper provides an estimation of air emissions (CO₂, NO_X, SO_X and PM) released by cruise vessels at the port level. The methodology is based on the “full bottom-up” approach and starts by evaluating the fuel consumed by each vessel on the basis of its individual port activities (manoeuvring, berthing and hoteling). The Port of Barcelona was selected as the site at which to perform the analysis, in which 125 calls of 30 cruise vessels were monitored. Real-time data from the automatic identification system (AIS), factor emissions from engine certificates and vessel characteristics from IHS Sea-web database were also collected for the analysis. The research findings show that the most appropriate indicators are inventory emissions per “port-time gross tonnage”, “port-time passenger” and “port time”. These emission indicators improve our understanding of cruise emissions and will facilitate the work that aims to estimate reliably and quickly the in-port ship emission inventories of cruise ports.     

港口AIS网络的构建

构建港口船舶自动识别系统通信(AIS)网络是港口现代化建设的重要方面,文章以宁波港为例,提出港口AIS网络的构建方案,对基站选址与港口信息管理系统融合问题做了重点分析。     

Real-time Monitoring of Subsea Gas Pipelines,Offshore Platforms,and Ship Inspection Scores Using an Automatic Identification System

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system (AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database, AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship’s coordinates (longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system (EWS) relayed through short message service (SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel’s four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state. Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

船舶引航辅助系统的研究与实现

近年来,进出港口的船舶数量越来越多、尺度越来越大,加上不良天气的影响,使得引航工作量越来越大。为了实现在能见度不良的环境下安全引航,通过分析引航业务实际需求,研究并实现了船舶引航辅助系统。该系统综合应用了AIS技术、差分GPS技术、WIFI技术等先进技术,为引航员提供更加详细、准确、实时的靠泊动态数据,辅助引航员更好地控制引航作业过程,提高工作效率和作业安全性。     

Simulation optimization of the berth allocation in a container terminal with flexible vessel priority management

ABSTRACT

Solving the berth allocation problem (BAP) in ports is not trivial where the berth resources are limited and various sizes of vessels arrive with dramatically dissimilar loads. Especially in real scenarios, arriving vessels are accepted for a berth with the first come first served (FCFS) priority rule. This study proposes a decision support system coupled with a simulation optimization module based on the swarm-based Artificial Bee Colony optimization algorithm for solving the BAP. The proposed methodology was implemented for the Izmir port in Turkey. To investigate the influences of the vessel priorities on the BAP, four different experimental scenarios based on the single (SQM) and multiple queue models (MQM) were coupled with FCFS and proposed hybrid queue priority (HQP) rule. The results indicated that SQM scenarios were superior to MQM scenarios in a manner of minimizing the average vessel waiting times and the implementation of a dynamic berth allocation strategy for the MQM significantly decreases the vessel waiting times. Results of the SQM also imply that utilization of the HQP approach further minimizes the average vessel waiting times and increases the berth utilization and port throughput without yielding excessive waiting times for the larger vessels compared with the FCFS priority rule.     

基于虚拟仪器的船舶监控系统研究

船舶监控系统的研究对船舶安全起着至关重要的作用,有助于提升船舶导航能力和海上交通管理能力。该文提出的基于虚拟仪器的船舶监控系统,应用LabVIEW图形化编程语言开发了AIS信息处理系统,能够实时采集网络最新发布的船舶信息数据,进行信息的解析和存储,同时应用Google Earth显示船舶的位置及路径信息。系统选用Kalman滤波对船舶的航迹进行跟踪优化,结合BP神经网络对船舶航迹进行预测。系统可实现AIS数据采集、解析、存储、显示、分析等多项功能。     

Worldscale: what does it actually measure?

Worldscale is the dominant system for setting freight rates in ocean-tanker shipping. Its structure is hampered by administrative rigidity which easily disguises the effects of rate changes and complicates the comparison of rates between vessel size segments. The angle is the charterer's, and the shipowner is left to his/her own devices. The sparseness of spot rates between ports (not regions) and the individuality of flat rates due to varying port charges, make functional generalizations between Worldscale (WS) and time charter equivalents (TCE) hazardous. The publishing of rate parameters for all ship segments and possibly port charges for each port would substantially upgrade the value of the system.     

AIS与船舶航行安全

船舶自动识别系统(AutomaticIdentificationSystem,简称AIS)是一种新型的船用助航设备,IMOMSC73会议已通过AIS强制性安装议案。针对AIS的发展过程与技术性能,讨论了AIS设备的应用对船舶航行安全所起的重要作用。     

基于公共无线网络的内河船舶管理与信息服务系统研究

文中提出了一种利用公共无线网络实现AIS、VHF、VTMIS功能的内河船舶管理与信息服务系统的总体架构,对实现原理、终端和服务器系统的设计进行了详细描述,就实现系统功能的关键技术问题进行了初步探讨,并通过天津港小型船舶管理系统的应用进行了实例说明这种系统的应用,将能够实现内河船舶避碰、安全通信、船舶调度和综合信息服务的多种功能,大大降低多种系统并行的建设、维护成本,并可以为内河航运信息化、智能化提供综合应用公用平台     

单向水道船舶进出港排序权重分析

为避免波浪涌入港内,沿岸港口皆构筑防波堤,堤口及通行水道不宜过宽,采用单向航行以缩小水道宽度是普遍现象。船舶进出港单向航行涉及进出顺序的安排。船舶自动识别系统(AIS)自2004年4月生效实施,提供了船舶动态、静态及航次相关信息数据,对VTS的交通组织服务而言,给予船舶通行管制莫大的帮助。为避免船舶在港口水域因为等候进出造成的拥挤招致碰撞,交管中心对于到达船舶及出港船舶必须作出适当的排序,既可解决通航安全,亦可达到通航效率。本研究就船载AIS所提供的信息中,与船舶通行安全有关的数据,以高雄港水域为例,运用AHP方法作成权重因素分析,其结果可作为运用于整合性船舶交通组织模型研究的参考。     

基于Z85C30芯片的AIS协议帧结构实现

介绍了船舶自动识别系统AIS(Automatic Identification System)通信协议的帧结构和Z85C30串行通信控制器的内部结构和基本功能。然后给出了所设计的AIS终端的结构图,着重对基于Z85C30实现AIS链路层帧结构的方法作了详细的论述,给出了实现AIS帧结构的软件流程图以及系统实验中所得到的AIS帧结构波形,实验效果明显。该研究对开发AIS设备和设计基于Z85C30系列芯片的硬件系统都有借鉴价值。     

基于AIS数据的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型

构建一种渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型,并对其求解方法和计算流程进行设计.将该模型应用到基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)数据的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统开发中,在系统中进行AIS数据库重构和数据深度挖掘,引入模糊数学方法和层次分析法,实现对渔业船舶碰撞风险度的科学评估和预测.测试结果表明:构建的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型和开发的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统可靠,预测的结果可信,可为渔业船舶的安全管理和评价提供科学的方法.     

Worldscale: what does it actually measure?

Worldscale is the dominant system for setting freight rates in ocean-tanker shipping. Its structure is hampered by administrative rigidity which easily disguises the effects of rate changes and complicates the comparison of rates between vessel size segments. The angle is the charterer's, and the shipowner is left to his/her own devices. The sparseness of spot rates between ports (not regions) and the individuality of flat rates due to varying port charges, make functional generalizations between Worldscale (WS) and time charter equivalents (TCE) hazardous. The publishing of rate parameters for all ship segments and possibly port charges for each port would substantially upgrade the value of the system.     

基于FAHP-模糊层次分析法的港口综合竞争力评价研究

港口的综合指标及吞吐货物的集疏运能力是反映港口竞争力的重要依据.模糊层次分析法,以构建港口竞争力评价方法,为港口客观了解和评价自身竞争力及相对水平提供了参考价值.介绍了基于下AHP_模糊层次分析法的港口综合竞争力评价的背景、应用方法和步骤,并以日照港为例作了具体分析.     

基于AIS的港口船舶引航系统的研究

根据我国沿海港口的特点及其船舶引航的需求,设计基于AIS的港口船舶引航系统。分析该系统的关键技术,并介绍了系统的结构及功能。经应用表明,系统将引航工作所需的各种信息在电子海图平台上直观综合显示,实现引航员显示终端轻便、无线携带,为引航员提供安全引航的技术保障。该系统特别适合引航工作和引航管理工作的需要,促进了引航调度管理和安全监督的信息化,有效地提高了引航工作的效率,保障船舶引航的安全。     

Revisiting port pricing; a proposal for seven port pricing principles

A review of seven large landlord port authorities around the world reveals a notable diversity of pricing structures. While port authorities increasingly act as commercial undertakings, port pricing often seems to be not driven by commercial considerations. In this paper, we argue that ports can be regarded as “business ecosystems” with multiple users. This provides a valuable perspective on pricing and raises the question of whether ports can be regarded as two-sided markets. We argue this is not the case. The business ecosystem perspective provides a basis for deducing seven pricing principles for port authorities that are detailed in the paper and illustrated with cases these principles. These pricing principles are broadly follow a direct user pays approach; capture value from “non-core” tenants; price aggressively for activities with a high strategic value; differentiate pricing based on price elasticity and connectivity improvements; maximize revenue from long-term lease agreements, price port dues competitively; critically consider differentiation of charges based on environmental performance; and finally use incentives to align interests of terminal operators and shipping lines. We conclude that the ecosystem perspective is central to the understanding of pricing decisions of port authorities and that various pricing issues deserve more attention.     

采用自动识别系统对水下输气管线、离岸平台和船舶检验评分的实时监测（英文）

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system(AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database,AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship's coordinates(longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system(EWS) relayed through short message service(SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel's four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state.Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

基于多层次模糊综合评价的河口港建港条件研究

港口建港条件评价是一项系统工程,从自然条件、技术条件、经济条件、城市港口及区域条件、社会及环境条件等5个方面进行评价。河口港建港条件的评价,既要符合一般港口的规律,也要考虑河口港的具体特点,取舍或重点突出某些对建港条件影响大的因素,形成合理的评价指标体系和评判标准。由于港口评价需要决策的目标多,模糊性强,对拟建港址建港条件的优劣做出准确的评判十分困难。文中采用系统工程的方法,把多目标决策技术中的模糊数学理论与层次分析方法结合起来,提出了河口港建港条件的多层次模糊综合评判模型。并以广州南沙港为例进行实证分析,研究情况与工程实际吻合较好,该项分析方法对今后类似工程评价具有良好的适应性。