《船上油污应急计划》编制及其应用中问题的探讨

船上船污应急计划的编制和实施，对减轻海洋环境污染起了积极作用，尽管目前大量船舶都编制了该计划，经调查发现许多船舶在应用中还存在不少问题，为进一步提高各类船舶对所发生的油污应急反应能力，必须加强演练，定期评估、检查和修改已制定的计划。     

新型船舶运动控制平台及海上试验

研制出一艘以水动力学相似准则缩尺的无人驾驶遥控模型船，模型船装有PC／104为主控计算机的船舶控制器，模型船由岸上主PC机遥控，用Honeywell公司的HMR3000碰罗经测量航导，用差分GPS系统定位，自主控制和推进，该遥控篡自治船舶运动控制已经进行了两次海上试验并取得成功，本文介绍该平台的系统设计，控制系统硬件和软件和海上试验经。     

The effects of geometric detail on the vibratory responses of complex ship-like thin-walled structures

Hydroelasticity of ships and studies in coupled antisymmetric vibrations have become increasingly important with container ships becoming faster and more slender. In this investigation, a ship-like structure is modelled and an equivalent backbone with a U-shaped cross section is designed. Their responses are compared, and limitations of various modelling approaches are discussed. It is demonstrated that scaling of the natural frequencies is insufficient to ensure scaling of the antisymmetric mode shapes and the relevant differences are quantified. Consequently, the backbone model should be viewed as a separate structure for validation purposes rather than a scaled model of a ship.     

A proposed simulation-based operational policy for cruise ships in the port of Kotor

This paper investigates the simulation modelling of cruise ship traffic in the Boka Kotorska Bay (BKB), which has become a very attractive cruise destination due to its geographic location, port features and attractiveness for tourism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of new port infrastructure, because of the increased cruise ship arrivals in recent years. The paper describes in detail the layout of the port of Kotor and the possibilities for quay extensions. The solution to minimize the number of ships at anchorage instead of being at berth is given, because the passengers of the latter ships have a more convenient approach towards the port. The simulation model is verified and the simulation results are validated against the real data prior to an investigation of the possible scenario for quay extension. The proposed solution confirms the preliminary survey results that initiated the investigation of possibilities to improve the port infrastructure. Moreover, simulation results point towards a significant improvement of cruise ships throughput in the BKB. The proposed operational policies and statistical analysis, as well as a comprehensive model analysis of the BKB provided here, are a good foundation for future investigations.     

中国沿海AIS岸基骨干网的建设

船舶自动识别系统(AIS)是一种船舶与船舶之间、船舶与岸台之间交换船名、位置、航向等信息的现代化航海装备。它在GPS导航定位的基础上,使船舶不但可以精确知道自己的位置,更重要地是可以获得周围其他船舶的信息,从而可以达到船舶避碰的目的,提高航海的安全性。文中对这一系统的主要性能、技术标准、以及中国沿海AIS岸基骨干网的建设情况进行了简要介绍,AIS信息在海上搜救、海事调查等方面已经得到成功应用。     

超浅吃水肥大型船舶试验研究

超浅水 运餐蚨旨斗蚀笮驮嗣捍夜鞍宋濉惫ス叵钅俊Ｗ髡哒攵愿么吵运奶氐悖菘焖傩裕筒ㄐ杂氩僮菪缘囊罄慈范ㄆ渲谐叨龋⑸杓屏巳智疤逑吆退闹趾筇逑咝停辛硕嘀址桨缸楹显谘乖睾吐刈刺碌淖枇Α⒆院绞匝榧拔膊课恢绷饕猿〔馐匝芯优选出适合我国港口航道的超浅吃水肥大型船舶的设计一型。实船试航结果表明，该船水动力性能优良，且阻力性能与模型试验 合     

2万吨级超浅吃水肥大船试验研究

超浅吃水肥大型运煤船研制是“八．五”国家重大技术装备项目，其中２万吨级超浅吃水肥大型运煤船是规划中秦岛至上海航行不须等潮进江的主要经济船型，是为我国首制Ｂ／Ｔ＝４．０，ＣＢ＝０．８３９的散货船。     

半潜船海上装载故障船运动响应研究

论文针对半潜船海上救援装载故障船的设计方案开展研究,建立仿真分析模型,应用数值模拟软件AQWA开展时域的数值计算,得到特定海况条件下的两船6个自由度运动响应。针对运动响应结果进行统计分析,得出两船的运动特性规律,研究结果对半潜船海上装载故障船的实际方案的制定与优化具有指导意义和参考价值。     

30 000 DWG散货船码头系泊模型试验研究

对30 000 DWG散货船在开场水域码头系泊开展了模型试验研究。在风浪流组合工况中,对不同系泊方式的系缆张力和船舶运动进行了分析。分析结果表明,流向和缆绳长度对系缆张力有显著影响。试验结果可为类似船舶码头安全系泊提供重要技术参考。     

《船舶水污染物排放控制标准》对辖区客运船舶生活污水的影响

《船舶水污染物排放控制标准》(GB3552-2018)(以下简称新《排放标准》)于2018年7月1日正式实施,对客运船舶的生活污水排放接收做了严格的规定。通过对新《排放标准》的研究和对相关单位部门的调研,发现辖区客运船舶生活污水处置存在新《排放标准》执行难、生活污水排放监管难、岸上接收处置难等问题和难点。建议地方政府等部门加强政策宣传、出台激励政策、加快码头生活污水接收设施建设、加强联合监管等措施,减少客运船舶生活污水非法排放,从而保护海洋环境。     

Dynamic interaction of parallel moving ships in close proximity

Nowadays,there are many studies conducted in the field of marine hydrodynamics which focus on two vessels traveling and floating in sufficiently close proximity to experience significant interactions.The hydrodynamic behavior of parallel moving ships in waves is an interesting and important topic of late.A numerical investigation has been carried out for the prediction of wave exciting forces and motion responses of parallel moving ships in regular waves.The numerical solution was based on 3D distribution technique and using the linear wave theory to determine the exciting forces and ship＇s motion.The speed effects have been considered in the Green function for more realistic results.The numerical computations of wave exciting forces and motion responses were carried out for a Mariner and Series 60 for the purpose of discovering different Froude numbers and different separation distances in head sea conditions.Based on the numerical computations,it was revealed that the sway,roll and yaw have a significant effect due to hydrodynamic interaction.     

基于船舶操纵性的最后避让距离数学模型

在几何避碰数学模型中加入船舶转向延时及延时中两船位置关系的变化,并省去有关会遇几何关系的假设,给出两船任意初始状态下,转向完成时目标船DCPA、TCPA的预算模型。安全避让条件是关于DCPA、TCPA的不等式组,其解是开始避让距离d与转向角度ΔC的平面域,解域中d的最小值即对应最后避让距离,且对应一特定转向角度值。此模型对船舶避碰时机决策具有实用价值。     

舰船岸电接地问题分析

舰船停靠码头一般需要接用岸电系统。本文根据对舰队码头现有的岸电系统实地调研的结果,对岸电与船电在不同的接地形式下所构成的TT系统和TN-C系统进行了分析比较,认为TN-C系统优于TT系统,同时,针对现有船舶岸电系统配置现状,提出了电缆配置改造方案和舰船岸电箱优化方案,并对码头岸电建设和舰船岸电系统设计提出了建议。     

浅谈船舶配员不足的原因及防治措施

文章通过温岭地区航运情况调查,发现船舶配员严重不足,阐述其原因和危害,提出防治措施。     

基于系统工程的海上交通安全问题研究

此文在系统工程的基础上,采用Reason模型,从船员—船舶—环境—管理四个环节来分析海上交通运输安全问题,并提出相关对策和建议,以提高安全管理水平,降低船舶事故的发生率,促进海上交通运输的安全发展、和谐发展。     

船舶消防系统失效模型的建立与分析

消防系统是保障船舶生命力的重要复杂系统。针对消防系统存在着失效不确定和失效路径模糊的问题,结合船舶的特点应用故障树建立了船舶消防系统失效模型。为了有效地避免故障树的计算量组合爆炸问题,采用二元决策图对该模型进行定性和定量分析。分析结果明确了系统失效路径,简便地得到了各失效因素的关键重要度,计算结果精确,并提出了相应措施来降低船舶消防系统失效的发生。     

雷达隐身技术在水面舰艇上的应用

由于探测水面舰艇的雷达性能不断提升,严重威胁了水面舰艇的生存能力,世界各军事大国正在研究如何将雷达隐身技术应用于水面舰艇。通过文献调研和动态跟踪发现,水面舰艇主要面临4类雷达探测威胁,而未经过隐身设计的舰艇的雷达散射截面很大。舰艇经过隐身设计后,在作战中能缩短敌方雷达探测距离,降低敌方目标识别能力,有效增强干扰效果,具有很强的战术意义。目前,水面舰艇主要通过精确的外形设计和隐身材料2种技术途径实现雷达隐身。     

超大型船舶操纵要求的研究

超大型船舶的发展日趋迅猛,这对航海者来说不仅要求更高,操船技术难度也更大,我们有必要不断总结经验,掌握客观规律,提高操作技能,从而更好更安全地驾驶超大型船舶。     

Collapse behaviour of a push-barge

Modern inland vessels are open-top, double-hull ships with unusually large length-to-beam and length-to-height ratios, shallow draught and an extremely long cargo hold. Therefore, they have low bending and torsional rigidity. Moreover, the state of the ship structure changes appreciably in course of service due to minor collisions, groundings in shallow water, corrosion and fatigue. Such imperfections reduce the stability and strength of the structure. The safety against collapse decreases. This paper shows the results of a systematic investigation of a typical push-barge structure using the finite-element-method.     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.