采用弦式系泊系统的海洋平台水动力性能数值模拟分析北大核心CSCD

[目的]弦式系泊系统是针对特种海洋平台的永久靠泊需求而提出,需要研究采用该系统的平台的水动力性能,以验证其对永久靠泊需求的适应性。[方法]首先,基于三维势流理论,采用边界元方法建立码头靠泊平台数值模型,并对不同码头潮位条件下的系泊平台进行频域数值模拟;然后,在时域模拟中引入弦式系泊和传统码头缆绳系泊2种不同的系泊系统,模拟系泊平台在极端波浪作用下的表现,参数化分析码头潮位对系泊平台运动响应的影响。[结果]结果显示,弦式系泊系统通过提供全方向的回复力,加强了平台转动运动限制,大幅削弱了系泊平台的横摇运动,能将环境载荷能量转移到平动运动,进而加强了对平台整体运动的限制;系泊平台的运动范围均衡且稳定可控;该系统对平台的运动限制效果受码头潮位变化影响小。[结论]研究表明弦式系泊系统相较于传统码头缆绳系泊更适应特种海洋平台的永久靠泊需求。     

单点系泊方式下的浮标系统运动响应分析

浮式激光雷达测风塔在恶劣的海洋环境下,其运动稳定性受到风、浪、流等多种环境载荷的耦合作用,呈现出典型的非线性特征,对其观测精度造成重要影响。建立浮动式基础设计分析平台,对浮标及其系泊系统进行水动力性能模拟分析,求解不同载荷作用下浮标平台与单点式系泊系统之间的运动响应。计算结果表明,浮标体在单点式系泊方案下具有良好的安全性和稳定性,系泊张力最大值为466.4k N,满足设计BVNR493规范要求,浮标平台的运动半径极值和最大垂荡距离分别为50.0m和6.3 m,可保证安全运行。     

海上养殖平台系泊系统耦合动力响应与疲劳计算

以某管架式海上养殖平台为例,计算平台-系泊系统耦合时域动力响应与系泊系统疲劳寿命,分析锚链拉力统计特性、平台运动规律、疲劳损伤成分比例等因素的影响。研究发现系泊系统动力响应具有明显的非线性特征,定常漂移力对本平台系泊系统极限载荷有重要影响,而波频振荡是产生疲劳损伤的主要因素。计算结果表明,系泊缆能够有效限制平台运动,且疲劳寿命满足设计要求,可为类似平台的设计和安全性评估提供参考。     

漂浮式海洋牧场养殖装置系泊系统设计

基于所设计的新型多功能海洋牧场养殖装置结构,设计一套系泊系统,在考虑海况参数、风力机载荷以及水轮机载荷的情况下,利用AQWA软件对平台进行时域分析。对比纯锚链和锚链-钢缆-锚链2种系泊方案在作业及生存工况下的平台运动状况,并根据生存工况下的最大系泊力,设计破损生存工况,并进行系泊系统部分失效分析。研究发现：纯锚链系泊方案下的平台运动幅度更小,锚泊张力安全系数更大,更有利于平台作业,并且在生存工况和破损生存工况下均具有较良好的安全性。     

极限海况下软刚臂式单点系泊系统的初步设计

针对极端海况条件下,对海上核电平台的软刚臂式单点系泊系统进行了初步设计研究。采用我国渤海海域万年一遇海况条件,同时考虑极限海况下的风、浪、流以及冰载荷不同组合工况,对该系泊系统进行载荷及运动响应计算分析,建立了系泊时变刚度数值计算模型;绘制了系统的刚度特性曲线,最后,对该设计系统进行优化设计分析,包括:各设计参数敏感性分析、系泊力特性分析、低频共振特性分析、运动特性分析和防碰撞余量分析等。综合以上分析,最终确定该系泊系统在不同海况重现期标准下的主尺度、结构重量和重心以及载荷与运动响应。该文软刚臂式单点系泊系统的设计方法及其优化分析过程,对单点式系泊系统的选型和设计具有一定的参考意义。     

深水Truss Spar水动力计算方法研究

为了研究深水Spar平台的运动特性,考虑平台与波浪的相对运动,对一座深水Truss Spar平台进行波浪载荷及运动响应计算。波浪载荷计算中Truss Spar主体和软舱采用3D势流理论计算,而垂荡板、桁架和立管系统采用线性化的Morison公式计算,同时求解中考虑系泊系统的影响。计算结果表明,Spar平台波频运动较小,而低频运动较为显著,其响应幅算子较大。     

Spar基础浮式风机系泊系统全耦合分析

以OC3 Hywind Spar基础浮式风机为研究对象,采用先进的空气动力-水动力耦合时域分析方法,对其在中国南海某海域风浪流共同作用下的系泊系统、浮式基础运动以及风机和塔架载荷响应进行分析,对比定常风与湍流风模型对浮式风机系泊系统、整体运动响应以及风机载荷的影响。计算结果表明:相比于湍流风,采用定常风进行浮式风机系泊系统分析将得到偏于危险的结果,并且,浮式风机运动响应与风机载荷结果偏小。因此,建议在系泊系统初始设计阶段采用定常风方法进行设计,在系泊分析阶段采用湍流风进行分析,以保证浮式风机的长期服役安全。     

畸形波作用下半潜平台运动响应研究

海洋结构物的水动力性能研究对于安全、经济的工程设计至关重要.近年来,由海浪巨大波浪引起的事故越来越多地见诸报道,因此,有必要深入研究波浪尤其是畸形波对结构物产生的载荷及运动响应.海上浮式平台的运动响应与系泊载荷密切相关,而文中的出发点正是研究在何种波浪条件下会引起平台的最大运动响应.通过对一座设计作业水深为500 m的半潜式平台进行频域计算,获得了平台在自由漂浮状态下的响应函数(RAO),并与实验数据进行了比较.通过时域模拟,获得了新年波和"三姐妹"波作用下的平台运动响应,研究了畸形波的存在对于平台运动的影响.此外,还研究了畸形波中最大波峰值及连续大波的出现间隔对平台垂荡和纵摇运动的影响,可为后续研究和工程设计提供参考.     

FPSO船体设计载荷研究

对于普通船舶,应用切片理论预报船体运动和波浪载荷,已成为一种成熟的技术.本研究即是在现有的经过认可的波浪载计算程序的基础上,充分考虑FPSO系泊油船的特点,开发其载荷计算程序.首先根据悬链线理论研究了组合锚链系泊系统的力学特性,将系泊系统对船体的垂向恢复力作用以刚度系数的确形式表达.在对系泊油船的静力特性进行分析时,将锚泊系统作为一集中重量处理.在建立船舶运动方程时,除了采用切片理论的常规处理方法外,主要考虑垂向系泊力的影响.     

Spar基础浮式风机系泊系统全耦合分析

本文以OC3 Hywind Spar基础浮式风机为研究对象,采用先进的空气动力-水动力耦合时域分析方法,针对其在中国南海某海域风浪流共同作用下,系泊系统、浮式基础运动以及风机与塔桶载荷响应进行分析。对比了定常风与湍流风模型对浮式风机系泊系统、整体运动响应以及风机载荷的影响。计算结果表明：相比于湍流风,采用定常风进行浮式风机系泊系统分析将得到偏于危险的结果,同时浮式风机运动响应与风机载荷结果偏小。本文建议在系泊系统初始设计阶段采用定常风方法进行设计,在系泊分析阶段采用湍流风进行分析,以保证浮式风机长期服役安全。     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.     

半潜型浮式风机运动特征及系泊系统的研究

近年来海上浮式风机的研究备受关注,安全可靠的系泊系统将保证风机在风、浪、流等复杂环境荷载作用下稳定运行,准确合理地描述风机运动将为评估风机发电效率提供支持。以半潜型浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,基于经典悬链线理论,采用准静态分析法提出一套系泊系统的设计方法。通过坐标变换,得到风轮真实的俯仰运动用于计算风机的动力效应及评定其发电效率。采用动力法分析了系泊系统锚链的导缆孔位置、预张力大小、锚链间夹角等参数对风机系统发电效率、浮式平台运动性能和系泊锚链张力的影响,得到了浮式平台迎风面俯仰倾角、水平偏移及锚链张力随参数的变化规律,为半潜型浮式风机系泊系统的设计提供了参考。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

作业水深对浮式半潜平台波浪砰击的影响

结合模型试验,基于数值重构和外推的计算模型,采用时域全耦合分析方法,对浮式半潜平台全尺寸锚泊系统以及风、浪、流载荷的联合作用进行模拟,针对动力辅助锚泊定位平台与锚泊定位平台在不同作业水深下的波浪砰击进行对比研究。研究结果表明：浮式半潜平台关注点处波浪砰击次数受作业水深的影响敏感。平台在同等环境工况下,关注点处负气隙以及波浪砰击次数随着作业水深的增加而加剧。动力辅助锚泊定位平台较之于锚泊定位平台的随动性更好,可有效减小平台与水质点的相对运动,作业水深变化引起的动力辅助锚泊定位平台同一关注点的砰击次数、气隙变化以及改善幅值明显优于锚泊定位平台。在平台设计过程中,作业水深对平台气隙和波浪砰击的影响应引起重视。     

浮式海上风力机运动性能和锚泊系统(英文)

The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed(seabed mounted) structures.However,countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas.The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform.This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) system.The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient,and the hydrodynamics and mooring system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM software.The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined.The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.     

海上半潜式浮式风机平台系泊系统对比研究

选取5MW-OC4深水半潜式浮式风机平台为参考模型,利用AQWA软件建立半潜式浮式风机平台模型,在频域范围内计算浮式风机平台运动响应,得到平台幅频响应曲线,以验证数值分析的可靠性。选取3种浮式风机平台系泊系统,对比研究系泊系统改变对浮式风机平台运动响应的影响规律,同时分析极端环境条件下单缆失效对浮式平台运动响应及系泊缆张力的影响。计算结果对浮式风机平台系泊系统的优化设计有一定的参考意义。     

环境参数对浮箱系泊系统水动力性能影响

环境荷载对系泊系统受力和运动响应起着关键的影响作用,有必要对影响系泊系统的关键环境参数进行深入研究,揭示环境参数对系泊系统的作用和影响机理。基于势流理论,结合大型水动力学软件AQWA,以一种简单的矩形浮箱式结构物为典型示例,根据浮箱基本参数及相关技术要求,考虑张紧式和悬链式两种不同的系泊方式,建立系泊系统动力分析计算模型。结果表明:在讨论范围内,系泊力随着流速、流向、风速等环境参数的增加而增加;对于横荡和横摇,随着流速、风速等环境参数的增加,横荡和横摇曲线呈现增加的趋势;相对而言,张紧式系泊可以更好地保持系泊系统稳定。     

浮式风机气动-水动耦合特性数值模拟（英文）

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.