卷管铺设过程的时域动力分析

卷管法是海底管道铺设中的一种重要方法,由于其铺设过程涉及很多装备,因而管道的受力过程复杂。管道的上卷过程会使管道发生塑性变形并引起残余曲率,上卷过程造成的变形需要在退卷过程中进行校直,这个过程中的缠绕和校直引起的塑性变形,对管线造成的损伤不可忽视。首先介绍卷管式铺管法的铺设原理,然后利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS模拟管道上卷和退卷的动态过程,最后研究卷管铺设上卷和退卷过程中管道的轴向应变历史和应力应变关系以及管道弯曲曲率、截面椭圆率变化历史。结果表明,管道在经过卷筒、校准器、校直器时产生很大的弯曲曲率和截面椭圆率。     

大口径无配重海底管道S型铺设分析

考虑大口径管道的自身特性与铺设风险,采用数值模型计算与现场实验分析管道在张紧器夹持处承受较大径向压力,分析管道在悬空段承受较大弯曲应力及不同辅助措施对弯曲应力的影响,认为可通过严格控制管道的屈曲风险实现大口径无配重海底管道的S型方式铺设。     

深水海底管道S型起始铺设中海管的完整性评估

以中国南海荔湾深水气田开发项目为依托,以具备动力定位的HYSY201作为铺管船,开展深水海底管道S型起始铺设过程中海管的结构完整性评估。采用海管、铺管船、起始缆、起始端PLET和辅助浮筒系统耦合动态分析方法,通过合理设计托管架半径、海管离去角、海管铺设张力以及作业气候窗,使得在整个起始铺设和正常铺设过程中,海管的Von Mises应力、结构应变以及局部屈曲均满足设计及规范要求。     

壁厚所致几何不连续性对卷管法安装管道的影响

对于深水管道,止屈器起到了很好的防止屈曲传播的作用,但是在卷管法安装中,管道在上卷和退卷的过程中将产生塑性变形,而由于止屈器导致的管道壁厚几何不连续性将使局部管段的变形增大,可能加剧塑性变形的影响。针对这个问题,建立ABAQUS非线性有限元模型模拟管道安装过程,研究上述问题对卷管、铺管中管道性能的影响并作参数敏感性分析。结果表明:壁厚所致几何不连续性的存在导致卷管安装时管道局部曲率和应变明显增大;增加回拉力可降低上述不连续性的影响,但管道残余椭圆度也将增加;增大卷筒半径或减小管道直径将使不连续性的影响降低;增大管道壁厚可降低不连续性的影响,但会增加建造成本。文章研究结论可为卷管法安装中管道设计提供理论指导。     

S型铺管中上弯段管道受力研究

在使用S型铺管法铺设海底管道过程中,位于托管架上的管道(简称为上弯段)因受到较大的张力、弯矩及托管架的支撑反力作用,容易发生局部屈曲破坏。文中将托管架简化为连续型和滚轮支撑型两种,对连续型托管架上的管道进行了理论研究,并利用非线性有限元方法模拟了滚轮支撑作用下海底管道的受力状态。然后以12英寸管道为例,将两种托管架上的管道应变分布进行了对比。结果表明在连续型托管架上管道应变是一条直线;而滚轮支撑托管架上应变为波浪线,在滚轮作用处较大,滚轮之间较小。而且,应变随着张力的增大而增大,随托管架半径的增大而减小。     

壁厚所致几何不连续性对卷管法安装管道的影响

对于深水管道,止屈器起到了很好的防止屈曲传播的作用,但是在卷管法安装中,管道在上卷和退卷的过程中将产生塑性变形,而由于止屈器导致的管道壁厚几何不连续性将使局部管段的变形增大,可能加剧塑性变形的影响。针对这个问题,建立ABAQUS非线性有限元模型模拟管道安装过程,研究上述问题对卷管铺管中管道性能的影响并作参数敏感性分析。结果表明,壁厚所致几何不连续性的存在导致卷管安装时管道局部曲率及应变明显增大;回拉力、管径与卷筒直径之比及管道壁厚等参数也将产生影响。另外,增加回拉力可降低上述不连续性的影响,但管道残余椭圆度也将增加;增大卷筒半径（或减小管道直径）将使不连续性的影响降低;增大管道壁厚可降低不连续性影响,但随之建造成本也将增加。本文研究结论可为卷管法安装中管道设计提供理论指导。     

海底管道提吊方法分析

在浅海海域的管道铺设过程中,有时需要将置于海底的管道提吊至船舶甲板上进行焊接。在这个过程中管道端部承受较大的弯矩作用,极易造成管道的破损。根据大挠度梁理论建立了海洋管道的微分平衡方程,对管道单点S型提吊的力学性能进行了研究。针对管道线型呈现S型曲线时端点弯矩过大的问题,提出了两点提吊方案,并利用打靶法对中间吊点配置方案以及两点提吊时管道的力学性质进行了求解。通过算例与ANSYS计算结果的比较,验证了本文方法的可靠性。     

国外海底管道局部屈曲研究综述

海底管道是海洋油气集输系统中最重要的组成部分之一,从铺设到服役都将承受多种载荷的作用,并可能发生局部屈曲且沿管道传播开来,由此造成严重的后果。海底管道的局部屈曲在管道安全性方面具有重要意义,已成为海底管道设计与评估中重要的内容。详细阐述了国外关于海底管道受外压、弯矩和轴力作用下的局部屈曲研究成果,论述了在单个载荷和多个载荷联合作用下的局部屈曲破坏机理,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

先进深水S型铺管船及其深海开发应用前景分析

铺管船作为管道铺设的重要海洋工程装备,其性能是深海铺管的关键。针对当前国内外深海铺管船发展,从铺管方式和船体性能两方面进行了分析归纳,对深海管道S型铺设的特点及关键设备进行了分析,讨论了S型铺管船在深海应用的发展趋势。     

基于管道极限承载能力分析的深水S型铺管托管架基本设计研究

S型铺管托管架是铺管系统中的重要装备,起到支撑管道和引导管道入水的作用。其基本设计流程是一个复杂的循环过程,涉及铺管船推进力、张紧器张力、待铺设管道的尺寸和铺设水深等诸多参数的平衡和优选。本文基于下弯段管道在弯曲、拉伸和外压综合荷载作用下的极限承载能力分析,求解了铺管船推进力和张紧器拉力,并以此为边界条件推导了托管架长度的参数公式。以2500米水深铺设12英寸管道为例计算了所需的托管架曲率半径和设计长度,该计算方法可为S型铺管船托管架的基本设计提供参考。     

Dynamic loading history and collapse analysis of the pipe during deepwater S-lay operation

In the deepwater S-lay operations depending on the required stinger radius and rollers configuration, relatively large plastic deformation is induced when the pipe passes over the stinger, under the combined loadings of bending, axial tension, roller reaction force and the pipelay vessel motion. The resulting plastic deformation does not vanish after the pipe leaves the stinger. It accumulates until the pipe reaches the seabed. The inherited residual deformation might reduce the collapse capacity of the pipe under the external pressure loading. The present paper investigates the dynamic loading history of the pipe during the S-lay operation based on a test-verified finite element model, and then calculates the residual plastic deformation of the pipe cross-section after the pipe reaches the seabed. Finally, the nonlinear collapse analysis is implemented based on the modified RIKS method to evaluate the capacity of the installation-induced deformed pipe. The results confirm that the deepwater S-lay operation will lead to obvious plastic deformation of the pipe, which decreases the pipe collapse capacity to some extent.     

Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on lateral buckling of submarine pipelines

Global buckling of a submarine pipeline during high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) operation results in a loss of pipeline stability that is similar to a bar in compression; this phenomenon constitutes one of the key factors affecting pipeline integrity and design. To intuitively study the buckling response, a test system was designed that can account for thermal loading and pipe-soil interactions, and this system was used to perform a series of small-scale model tests on the lateral buckling of submarine pipelines with different initial imperfections. Based on the hat-shaped buckling profiles of the test pipelines, a new buckling mode called "hat-shaped buckling" was proposed. In an attempt to study the conditions under which the pipeline exhibits this hat-shaped buckling mode, the changing law of the buckling mode was investigated through finite element analyses of pipelines with different parameters, including the length of the pipeline and the amplitude and wavelength of the initial imperfection. Subsequently, an analytical solution for calculating the buckling amplitude of a pipeline with a hat-shaped buckling profile was proposed. The theoretical solution was compared to the experimental data, which verified the feasibility of the model in calculating pipeline buckling deformation. The experimental data, the buckling mode based on these data and the corresponding analytical model discussed herein may provide a reference for future experimental studies of pipeline buckling.     

动力定位作用下S型铺管作业耦合运动分析

文章建立了S型铺管船的船体、托管架和管线动态耦合模型。考虑了海浪、风和海流载荷作用下以及动力定位系统的控制下,分析时域内管道对船舶运动和受力特点的影响。主要包括：建立起重铺管船的动力定位运动模型,建立基于碰撞-接触原理的V型托辊和托管架模型,设计具有PID伺服系统的张紧器模型,提供连接托管架和船尾的非线性弹性铰接模型。进行时域动态模拟得到结果,通过与非铺管作业工况下的运动响应的对比表明,管线对船舶横摇运动影响较大,对纵摇和垂荡运动有一定程度的影响;管道对船舶纵荡、横荡和艏摇三个自由度上的受力影响极大。     

铰连接在深水S型铺管中的应用

为了能够在S型铺管过程中将管线、船体和托管架三者作为一个整体进行耦合分析,使用势流理论用于计算船体受到的波浪力,广义弹性接触面法模拟托辊与管线之间的接触,采用带有铰接刚度的铰连接来模拟管线的上弯段,集中质量法用于模拟管线的中垂段和下弯段。通过时域全耦合方程将整个系统联立求解,并将这种方法的结果和未考虑上弯段管线接触的结果与实验值进行了对比发现:新计算方法能够使管线受力和船体运动都更为接近于实际值。对管线张力进行了谱密度分析,得到了对管线张力作用较大的频谱范围,为其在不同海况下的适应性提供了技术参数。     

Modelling upheaval buckling in marine buried pipelines by coupling the shear stresses and soft soil stiffness

Buried marine pipelines employed in the Oil & Gas industry are subjected to pressure and temperature gradients, which cand produce local high compression loads leading to the onset of upheaval buckling failure. Upheaval buckling occurs when the localized stresses across the pipeline are high enough to induce constant deformation due to the low soil restriction in the upward direction. Therefore, models to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipes caused by high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) and soil stiffness have been developed based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT). However, this theory does not consider stresses and strains due to shear stresses which can play an important role in upheaval buckling failure. Therefore, in this work an analytical model that takes into account Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and considers the shear effects on pipelines was developed to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipelines. Furthermore, equations that govern vertical buckling of buried pipelines considering a plastic soil with initial imperfection were considered. Analytical results were compared with finite element models of buried pipeline and other models reported in the literature, and it was observed that analytical results fall in the range of those reposted in the literature. It was also observed that the incorporation of shear stresses in buried marine pipelines has low effect on upheaval buckling onset and propagation, but the soil stiffness has a strong influence on upheaval failure in buried marine pipelines.     

Cyclic plastic deformation of overbend pipe during deepwater S-lay operation

In deepwater S-lay operations, the combined influences of stinger curvature, axial tension and roller support force can induce very large plastic deformation in the pipe. Dynamic loads from vessel motion and pipe sliding down the stinger lead the cyclic plastic deformation. This paper investigates the cyclic plastic stress history of the overbend pipe subjected to the dynamic pipelaying loading. The dynamic roller support forces are obtained through an innovative large scale hybrid substructure experiment constructed to simulate the pipe-stinger impact behavior. The measured roller forces are used to verify a 3D finite element analysis results developed with ABAQUS/Standard to observe the dynamic pipe stress history. The results confirm that the roller support can induce stress concentration in the pipe and the combined dynamic pipelaying loadings can cause extensive cyclic plastic deformation.     

含缺陷海底管道横向屈曲理论研究

考虑了初始几何缺陷对管道屈曲临界载荷的影响,基于经典热屈曲理论,推导了平坦海床上裸铺管道横向屈曲临界载荷的理论公式,给出了无限远处管道轴向力的计算公式及临界温度的计算公式。建立了平坦海床上裸铺管道的非线性有限元模型,并将有限元结果与解析结果进行了对比,验证了解析公式的合理性。