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1.
Optimal Control of Four Wheel Steering Vehicle 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A. Higuchi Assistant manager Y. Saitoh Emeritus professor of Tokyo University of Agriculture Technology 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1993,22(5):397-410
This paper derives a method of controlling four wheel steering using optimal control theory. The purpose of control is to minimize the sideslip angle at the center of gravity. The control method feeds forward the steering wheel angle and feeds back the yaw velocity and the sideslip angle to the front and rear wheel angles. Theoretical studies show that the sideslip angle is reduced to zero even in the transient state, and that the understeer characteristic and frequency response can be changed regardless of the vehicle static margin. This Paper also examines various characteristics of the influence of the side force nonlinearities of tires and crosswinds. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(12):1861-1875
The lateral force of a tyre is a function of the sideslip and camber angles. The camber angle can provide a significant effect on the stability of a vehicle by increasing or adjusting the required lateral force to keep the vehicle on the road. To control the camber angle and hence, the lateral force of each tyre, we can use the caster angle of the wheel. We introduce a possible variable and controllable caster angle ? in order to adjust the camber angle when the sideslip angle cannot be changed. As long as the left and right wheels are steering together according to a kinematic condition, such as Ackerman, the sideslip angle of the inner wheel cannot be increased independently to alter the reduced lateral force because of weight transfer and reduction of the normal load F z . A variable caster mechanism can adjust the caster angle of the wheels to achieve their top capacity and maximise the lateral force, when needed. Such a system would potentially increase the safety, stability, and maneuverability of the vehicles. Using the screw theory, this paper will examine the kinematics of a variable caster and present the required mathematical equation to calculate the camber angle as a function of suspension mechanism parameters and other relevant variables. Having a steered wheel about a tilted steering axis will change the position and orientation of the wheel with respect to the body of the car. This paper provides the required kinematics of such a suspension and extracts the equations in special practical situations. The analysis is for an ideal situation in which we substitute the tyre with its equivalent disc at the tyre plane. 相似文献
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基于模糊逻辑的车辆侧偏角估计方法 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的汽车侧偏角估计方法。它利用模糊逻辑和汽车运动学模型,将汽车转向盘转角、车轮转速、汽车加速度和横摆角速度信息相融合,进行车辆侧偏角估计。试验结果显示,该方法的鲁棒性和精确性较好,而且响应频率较高,可以满足ESP的控制需要。 相似文献
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The sideslip driving status is of fundamental importance to the stability of a vehicle. This paper presents a practical vehicle sideslip driving status estimation method that uses ESP (electronic stability program) sensors. ESP sensors such as wheel speed, lateral acceleration, yaw rate and steering wheel angle sensors are used to determine the sideslip driving status and distinguish a banked road. This estimation algorithm contains front-rear sideslip and banked road detection methods. The proposed sideslip estimation algorithm was designed to use the analytical redundancy of these sensors and Lagrange interpolation methods. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed estimation and compensation algorithm were investigated using vehicle tests. This paper presents the results of two cases that were used for the experimental verification: a curved flat road and banked road. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(8):639-658
SUMMARY This investigation is based on a complex 4-wheel vehicle model of a passenger car that includes steering system and drive train. The tyre properties are described for all possible combined longitudinal and lateral slip values and for arbitrary friction conditions. The active part is an additional steering system of all 4 wheels, additionally to the driver's steering wheel angle input. Three control levels are used for the driver model that thereby can follow a given trajectory or avoid an obstacle. The feedback control of the additional 4 wheel steering is based on an observer which can also have adaptive characteristics. Moreover a virtual vehicle model in a feedforward scheme can provide desired steering characteristics. To get information for critical situations a cornering manoeuvre with sudden u-split conditions is simulated. Further a similar manoeuvre is used to evaluate the reentry in a high friction area from low friction conditions. And finally the performance of the controller is shown in a severe lane change manoeuvre. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(4-5):283-298
SUMMARY Different load or tires and a drive on an ice-coated road can overcharge a driver to such an extend, that the result may be an accident. Therefore the aim of development is a self-acting compensation of the vehicle to different vehicle transfer behaviour (invariant vehicle behaviour). The calculation of so called optimal characteristics shows, that only rear-wheel steering cannot realize this aim of development. Therefore an additional front-wheel angle, which is not influenced by the driver, is necessary. A transfer function can be calculated in order to get controlled steering of the rear wheels without the influence of load. It is not possible to realize optimal characteristics, because the parameters of the vehicle are difficult to measure. Only an optimal diagnosis and control of driving condition realize a relief for the driver in every driving situation in order to avoid most of the accidents. The often demanded sideslip angle compensation only worsens driving conditions on ice-coated roads. Therefore systems which identify the driving condition themselves have to be favoured in any case. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(4):267-283
SUMMARY Numerical design of vehicles having optimal straight line stability on undulating road surfaces requires an accurate vehicle model based on knowledge of the relevant phenomena. Therefore, vehicle behavior on undulating straight roads has been analyzed and modeled. Measurements on a flat road surface have shown that the dedicated vehicle model yields accurate simulation results of the steering response to medium steering wheel angle inputs. In addition, the model has been validated by measuring two vehicle responses during normal driving on an undulating straight road: viz. the responses to the small steering wheel angle input and to the input by the global inclination of the road surface. 相似文献
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为了给营运客车横向稳定状态监测提供理论依据,针对极限工况下状态参数的临界值仿真结果,进行了营运客车稳定区域边界条件的研究。基于非线性三自由度车辆模型建立了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的状态参数估计器,对营运客车的质心侧偏角和横摆角速度进行实时估计,并利用Trucksim验证估计值具有较好的一致性和状态跟随能力。基于MATLAB/Simulink建立非线性七自由度车辆模型,分析不同行驶状态参数对质心侧偏角-质心侧偏角速度(β-β)相平面稳定区域边界的影响,基于仿真数据确定了以车速、前轮转角和路面附着系数为变量的稳定区域边界条件,结合状态估计模型获得以β-β决定的控制变量。在Trucksim中进行连续正弦方向盘转角输入标准稳定性试验,通过分析营运客车行驶过程中控制变量的曲线变化趋势是否超出稳定区域边界确定车辆的运行状态。结果表明:营运客车以60 km·h-1车速、小方向盘转角行驶在低附着系数(μ=0.3)路面和高附着系数(μ=0.85)路面时,横摆角速度对驾驶人的意图(方形盘转角曲线趋势)有很好的跟随能力,具有较小的延迟响应,车辆处于稳定状态,此时控制变量曲线一直处于稳定区域内;当相同工况下以大方向盘转角输入时,横摆角速度已经不能很好地跟随驾驶人意图,且低附着系数路面下,在3.5 s左右时方向盘转角已经回正,但横摆角速度仍位于最大值,具有较大的延迟,营运客车发生急转侧滑;高附着系数路面下第2.5 s和第6.2 s左右车辆发生严重偏移,车辆处于失稳状态,而对应时刻的控制变量曲线部分超出稳定边界,验证了营运客车横向稳定状态判据的准确性。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5-6):357-370
SUMMARY An integrated control system of active rear wheel steering (4WS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) is presented in this paper. Because of the tire nonlinearity that is mainly due to the saturation of cornering forces, vehicle handling performance is improved but limited to a certain extent only by steering control. Direct yaw moment control using braking and/or driving forces is effective not only in linear but also nonlinear ranges of tire friction circle. The proposed control system is a model matching controller which makes the vehicle follow the desired dynamic model by the state feedback of both yaw rate and side slip angle. Various computer simulations are carried out and show that vehicle handling performance is much improved by the integrated control system. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5-6):327-355
SUMMARY Advanced Steering System with artificial steering wheel torque-active kinesthetic information feedback for improving handling qualities is discussed. Fundamentally the structure of the system may be considered to another form of model following control. In this system, a driver always remains in the control loop and receives steering control information which give him/her a direct hint to steer a steering wheel. This system works as a stability and control augmentation system of the vehicle to improve the vehicle handling qualities both in compensatory and pursuit control task, and is expected to reduce driver's workload. Effects of this system are analyzed in terms of man-machine system characteristics. Identification of driver dynamics was carried out to find why such improvement could be achieved. Availability of the proposed system is verified by analysis, simulator and proving ground tests. 相似文献
14.
Hee Seong Kim Young Jin Hyun Kang Hyun Nam 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(6):1071-1080
In this paper, a robust sideslip angle controller based on the direct yaw moment control (DYC) is proposed for in-wheel motor electric vehicles. Many studies have demonstrated that the DYC is one of the effective methods to improve vehicle maneuverability and stability. Previous approaches to achieve the DYC used differential braking and active steering system. Not only that, the conventional control systems were commonly dependent on the feedback of the yaw rate. In contrast to the traditional control schemes, however, this paper proposes a novel approach based on sideslip angle feedback without controlling the yaw rate. This is mainly because if the vehicle sideslip angle is controlled properly, the intended sideslip angle helps the vehicle to pass through the corner even at high speed. On the other hand, the vehicle may become unstable because of the too large sideslip caused by unexpected yaw disturbances and model uncertainties of time-varying parameters. From this aspect, disturbance observer (DOB) is employed to assure robust performance of the controller. The proposed controller was realized in CarSim model described actual electric vehicle and verified through computer simulations. 相似文献
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轮式工程车辆的转向系统要求能够灵活地转向行驶,应避免轮子的滑移或侧滑。常见的工程车辆有两种转向方式,通过对两种转向运动形式进行详细的运动和动力学分析,提出它们的使用范围,并对这两种转向方式的轮式车辆提出应该重视的技术问题及措施。 相似文献
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Xia Xin Xiong Lu Hou Yuye Teng Guowen Yu Zhuoping 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):993-1006
In this work, the reference model modification strategy for vehicle stability control based on driver's intention recognition under emergent obstacle avoidance situation was proposed. First the conflicts between the driver's emergency alignment (EA) intention and vehicle response characteristics were analyzed in critical emergent obstacle avoidance situation. Second combining steering wheel angle and its speed, the driver's EA intention was recognized. The reference model modification strategy based on steering operation index (SOI) was presented. Then a LQR model following controller with tire cornering stiffness adaption was used to generate direct yaw moment for tracking modified reference yaw rate and reference sideslip angle. Finally based on the four-in-wheel-motor-drive (FIWMD) electric vehicles (EV), double lane change and slalom tests were conducted to compare the results using modified reference model with the results using normal reference model. The experimental tests have proved the effectiveness of the reference model modification strategy based on driver's intention recognition. 相似文献
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Peng Hang Xinbo Chen Shude Fang Fengmei Luo 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(5):785-797
A four-wheel-independent-steering (4WIS) electric vehicle (EV) with steer-by-wire (SBW) system is proposed in this paper. The fast terminal sliding mode controller (FTSMC) is designed for the SBW system to suppress external disturbances. Taking unstructured and structured uncertainties into consideration, a robust controller is designed for the 4WIS EV utilizing μ synthesis approach and the controller order reduction is implemented based on Hankel-Norm approximation. Since sideslip angle is the feedback signal of robust controller and it is hard to measure, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate sideslip angle. To evaluate the vehicle performance with the designed control system, step and sinusoidal steering maneuvers are simulated and analyzed. Simulation results show that the designed control system have good tracking ability, strong robust stability and good robust performance to improve vehicle stability and handing performance. 相似文献
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通过Matlab编程,在满足理想关系式且外轮转角小于内轮转角的前提下,求出内外轮转角、主销偏移距、最小转弯半径,算出作用在方向盘上的手力、转向器的传动比、原地转向阻力、作用在转向节上的阻力。运用TOPSIS法进行评价,在主要考虑汽车转向轻便性与转向灵敏性的大条件下,同时兼顾转弯机动性的情况,作用在方向盘上的手力、转向器的传动比、最小转弯半径的权重按0.45、0.45、0.1的比例选取,最后通过具体案例确定齿轮齿条转向器角传动比、最小转弯半径、主销偏移距、外轮转角、内轮转角、转向盘最大转动圈数、作用在方向盘上的手力,为齿轮齿条转向器优化设计提供了重要的方法。 相似文献